{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220986642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","title":"Computer mouse weight is associated with one-week motor skill improvement in a large naturalistic video game cohort","display_name":"Computer mouse weight is associated with one-week motor skill improvement in a large naturalistic video game cohort","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220986642","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.757150.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.757150.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015277787","display_name":"Jennifer B. Listman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-5212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-5212"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer B. Listman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statespace Labs, Inc., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4339-5212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statespace Labs, Inc., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075093057","display_name":"Wayne E. Mackey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-9235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-9235"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne E. Mackey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Statespace Labs, Inc., New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Statespace Labs, Inc., New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015277787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11197","display_name":"Digital Games and Media","score":0.031199999153614044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-skill-improvement","display_name":"motor skill improvement","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-game-performance","display_name":"video game performance","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-person-shooter-games","display_name":"first-person shooter games","score":0.8159999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.8213000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5453000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5339000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4388999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36382193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7068966","display_name":"Null model","level":2,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3702000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.35109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.325300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778915421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3643177","display_name":"Performance improvement","level":2,"score":0.31279999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169976356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13208902","display_name":"Motor skill","level":2,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985495968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422453","display_name":"Motor activity","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25432639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711790","display_name":"Weight distribution","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018804484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Low income","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.757150.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.757150","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/08/2026.10.06.757150.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220986642.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220986642.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1779974355","https://openalex.org/W1804997726","https://openalex.org/W1922715780","https://openalex.org/W1985918506","https://openalex.org/W2028612696","https://openalex.org/W2042196695","https://openalex.org/W2061623382","https://openalex.org/W2076863986","https://openalex.org/W2083905756","https://openalex.org/W2089669290","https://openalex.org/W2106967443","https://openalex.org/W2108450429","https://openalex.org/W2118329722","https://openalex.org/W2119160928","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2126693856","https://openalex.org/W2138790588","https://openalex.org/W2145244769","https://openalex.org/W2147160183","https://openalex.org/W2153657884","https://openalex.org/W2155188667","https://openalex.org/W2165779726","https://openalex.org/W2181409883","https://openalex.org/W2417049248","https://openalex.org/W2802622649","https://openalex.org/W2907572562","https://openalex.org/W2921425887","https://openalex.org/W2965340962","https://openalex.org/W2990132012","https://openalex.org/W3134247756","https://openalex.org/W3184063844","https://openalex.org/W3195274572","https://openalex.org/W3210134043","https://openalex.org/W4200622931","https://openalex.org/W4211200399","https://openalex.org/W4221137795","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W4310166284","https://openalex.org/W4312527427","https://openalex.org/W4384519280","https://openalex.org/W4384521655","https://openalex.org/W4385250731","https://openalex.org/W4385758517","https://openalex.org/W4391213082","https://openalex.org/W4391360518","https://openalex.org/W4404829406","https://openalex.org/W4406682499","https://openalex.org/W4409721586"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3210134043","https://openalex.org/W4312527427","https://openalex.org/W1985918506","https://openalex.org/W4385758517","https://openalex.org/W4396832387","https://openalex.org/W2990132012","https://openalex.org/W4231422312","https://openalex.org/W3109948022","https://openalex.org/W2905462615","https://openalex.org/W3195274572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Computer":[1],"mouse":[2,72,86,116,171],"weight":[3,87,123,139,202,266,290],"has":[4],"been":[5],"proposed":[6],"to":[7,25,127,147,185],"influence":[8],"human":[9],"motor":[10],"performance,":[11],"but":[12,217,306],"existing":[13],"evidence":[14],"comes":[15],"largely":[16],"from":[17],"small,":[18],"short-duration":[19],"controlled":[20],"studies,":[21],"leaving":[22],"its":[23],"relationship":[24],"performance":[26],"during":[27,56],"naturalistic":[28,235],"gameplay":[29],"unresolved.":[30],"We":[31],"analyzed":[32],"one-week":[33,143],"skill":[34,339],"improvement":[35,126,144,196,227,238,260,287],"in":[36,158,168,261,264,278],"Aimlabs,":[37],"a":[38,52,61,70,81],"popular":[39],"first-person":[40],"shooter":[41],"aim-training":[42],"and":[43,64,108,112,114,118,125,134,156,180,250,253,295,302],"assessment":[44],"platform,":[45],"among":[46,154,176],"9,067":[47],"players":[48,68,242],"whose":[49],"telemetry":[50],"recorded":[51],"mouse-model":[53],"change":[54],"(switchers)":[55],"self-directed":[57],"game":[58],"use,":[59],"using":[60,165],"21-day":[62],"baseline":[63,105,130],"7-day":[65],"follow-up;":[66],"4,991":[67],"with":[69,129,223,243],"single":[71,219],"model":[73,102,182],"(non-switchers)":[74],"observed":[75,149,170],"over":[76],"matched":[77],"pseudo-anchor":[78],"intervals":[79],"provided":[80],"secondary":[82],"contextual":[83],"comparison.":[84],"Post-switch":[85],"was":[88,145,163,183,221,239,321],"represented":[89],"by":[90,248,338],"eight":[91,201],"bands":[92,203,213,291],"spanning":[93],"35-124":[94],"g.":[95],"The":[96],"primary":[97],"multivariable":[98],"generalized":[99],"additive":[100],"regression":[101],"accounted":[103],"for":[104,190,241],"skill,":[106,131],"pre-":[107,113],"post-switch":[109,115,132,135],"practice":[110],"intensity,":[111],"sensitivity,":[117],"allowed":[119],"the":[120,148,181,191,200,269,273,280,293,309,316,329],"association":[121],"between":[122,212],"band":[124,220],"vary":[128],"practice,":[133],"sensitivity.":[136],"For":[137],"each":[138],"band,":[140],"predicted":[141,226,237,275],"mean":[142],"standardized":[146],"distribution":[150],"of":[151],"these":[152],"covariates":[153],"switchers":[155,177],"reported":[157],"percentile-rank":[159],"points.":[160],"Statistical":[161],"significance":[162],"evaluated":[164],"1,000":[166],"permutations":[167],"which":[169],"weights":[172],"were":[173],"randomly":[174],"reassigned":[175],"without":[178],"replacement":[179],"refitted":[184],"generate":[186],"empirical":[187],"null":[188],"distributions":[189],"weight-related":[192,335],"test":[193],"statistics.":[194],"Predicted":[195,286],"differed":[197,288],"significantly":[198,224,258],"across":[199,289],"(p":[204,214,299,312,324],"=":[205,300,304,313,325],"0.001).":[206],"Pairwise":[207],"comparisons":[208,256],"identified":[209],"significant":[210,323],"differences":[211,336],"<":[215],"0.05),":[216],"no":[218],"associated":[222],"greater":[225,259],"than":[228,263],"all":[229],"seven":[230],"others.":[231],"In":[232],"this":[233],"large":[234],"cohort,":[236],"highest":[240],"35-44":[244],"g":[245,284],"mice,":[246],"followed":[247],"45-54":[249],"55-64":[251],"g,":[252],"several":[254],"pairwise":[255],"showed":[257],"lighter":[262],"heavier":[265],"bands.":[267],"Across":[268],"examined":[270],"baseline-skill":[271,297,319],"profiles,":[272],"lowest":[274],"improvements":[276],"occurred":[277],"either":[279],"85-99":[281],"or":[282],"115-124":[283],"band.":[285],"at":[292,308],"25th-percentile":[294],"median":[296],"values":[298],"0.002":[301],"p":[303],"0.003)":[305],"not":[307,322,332],"75th":[310],"percentile":[311],"0.153).":[314],"However,":[315],"weight-band":[317],"x":[318],"interaction":[320],"0.181),":[326],"indicating":[327],"that":[328,334],"analysis":[330],"did":[331],"establish":[333],"varied":[337],"level.":[340]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}