{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220967867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.08588","title":"Constraining the gravitational-wave breathing mode with LVK antenna patterns and GWTC data","display_name":"Constraining the gravitational-wave breathing mode with LVK antenna patterns and GWTC data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220967867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.08588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.08588","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08588","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.08588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.08588","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157923788","display_name":"Hong-Bo Jin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101410","display_name":"International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/01z2px678","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210101410","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164580","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories","ror":"https://ror.org/058pyyv44","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin, Hong-Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China","The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Astronomical Observatories , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210164580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101410","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157902489","display_name":"Yanyan Zheng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng, Yanyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Missouri University of Science and Technology , Rolla , Missouri 65409 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalar-tensor-gravity","display_name":"scalar-tensor gravity","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric-theories-of-gravity","display_name":"metric theories of gravity","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gw150914","display_name":"GW150914","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gw170817","display_name":"GW170817","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gw190814","display_name":"GW190814","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-estimation","display_name":"parameter estimation","score":0.652999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6287999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.41359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53970728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82806","display_name":"Zenith","level":2,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14257148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558066","display_name":"Gravitational field","level":2,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778217198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977","display_name":"Cutoff","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95611797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17502105","display_name":"Infimum and supremum","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.08588","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08588","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.08588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.08588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.08588","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.08588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.08588","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.08588","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.08588","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6767672576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC2203000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220967867.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220967867.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1134494461","https://openalex.org/W1996004845","https://openalex.org/W2068144522","https://openalex.org/W2116923776","https://openalex.org/W2166436681","https://openalex.org/W2807360366","https://openalex.org/W2883618936","https://openalex.org/W2897557943","https://openalex.org/W2899782607","https://openalex.org/W2931855352","https://openalex.org/W2949428566","https://openalex.org/W2953142974","https://openalex.org/W2971836485","https://openalex.org/W2973189566","https://openalex.org/W3012194821","https://openalex.org/W3094812309","https://openalex.org/W4226409475","https://openalex.org/W4307082099","https://openalex.org/W4311004619","https://openalex.org/W4393161332","https://openalex.org/W4414090563","https://openalex.org/W4415255697","https://openalex.org/W4417268244","https://openalex.org/W6948373440","https://openalex.org/W7077893727","https://openalex.org/W7139927795","https://openalex.org/W7153045224","https://openalex.org/W7153414177","https://openalex.org/W7162516731","https://openalex.org/W7163780866","https://openalex.org/W7202067969"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7105924438","https://openalex.org/W2795013074","https://openalex.org/W7158424012","https://openalex.org/W7094941862","https://openalex.org/W6948373440","https://openalex.org/W4223518047","https://openalex.org/W7167353796","https://openalex.org/W4384108255","https://openalex.org/W2015379999","https://openalex.org/W4224257165"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metric":[0],"theories":[1],"of":[2,51,205],"gravity":[3],"admit":[4],"a":[5,21],"massless":[6],"breathing":[7,24,57,66,216],"scalar":[8],"$b$":[9],"besides":[10],"the":[11,36,41,56,64,69,73,89,128,143,177,215],"tensor":[12,37],"modes":[13],"$+$":[14],"and":[15,60,114,136,140,188,198,224,229],"$\\times$.":[16],"Many":[17],"scalar--tensor":[18],"models":[19],"predict":[20],"much":[22],"smaller":[23],"amplitude;":[25],"gravitational":[26],"quantum":[27],"field":[28],"theory":[29],"(GQFT)":[30],"instead":[31],"allows":[32],"$h_b$":[33],"comparable":[34],"to":[35],"amplitudes.":[38],"We":[39],"evaluate":[40],"LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA":[42],"(LVK)":[43],"antenna":[44,58],"patterns":[45],"with":[46,86],"PyCBC,":[47],"including":[48],"Michelson":[49],"suppression":[50],"$b$.":[52],"Here":[53],"$F_b$":[54],"is":[55,63,95],"pattern":[59],"$\\mathcal{S}_b=\\sum_d":[61],"F_b^{d2}$":[62],"network":[65],"power.":[67],"At":[68],"H1":[70],"zenith":[71,174],"at":[72,191],"GW150914":[74],"epoch,":[75],"$F_b\\sim":[76],"5\\times":[77],"10^{-6}$;":[78],"for":[79,147,164,226],"$72$":[80],"Gravitational-wave":[81],"Transient":[82],"Catalog":[83],"(GWTC)":[84],"events":[85,101,125,207],"packaged":[87],"strain":[88],"median":[90],"inclination":[91],"gain":[92],"in":[93,149],"$\\mathcal{S}_b$":[94,122,146],"$\\sim":[96],"34\\times$.":[97],"Ranking":[98],"multi-detector":[99],"GWTC":[100,183],"(network":[102],"$\\mathrm{SNR}\\ge":[103],"8$,":[104],"$\\ge":[105],"2$":[106],"sites)":[107],"by":[108],"$\\mathrm{SNR}\\sqrt{\\mathcal{S}_b^{*}}$":[109],"identifies":[110],"loud":[111],"O4":[112],"triggers":[113],"GW170817":[115],"as":[116],"geometric":[117],"targets.":[118],"Parameter-estimation":[119],"(PE)":[120],"weighted":[121],"on":[123,167,214],"twelve":[124,206],"shows":[126],"that":[127,137,240],"true":[129],"sky":[130,170,213],"can":[131],"suppress":[132],"this":[133],"ranking":[134],"(GW170817)":[135],"GW200129_065458,":[138,228],"GW150914,":[139,227],"GW190814":[141],"have":[142],"highest":[144],"PE-weighted":[145],"$\u03be$":[148,178,199],"$h_b=\u03beh_+$":[150],"(GR:":[151],"$\u03be\\equiv":[152],"0$).":[153],"An":[154],"HLV":[155],"design-noise":[156],"injection":[157],"grid":[158],"gives":[159],"$\\ln":[160],"B(\\mathrm{GR}+b/\\mathrm{GR})\\approx":[161],"13$":[162],"($4$)":[163],"$\u03be=1$":[165],"($0.5$)":[166],"an":[168],"inclined":[169],"($\\mathcal{S}_b\\sim":[171,175],"0.18$);":[172],"near":[173],"0.016$)":[176],"posterior":[179],"remains":[180],"unconstrained.":[181],"The":[182],"limits":[184],"are":[185,208],"semi-joint:":[186],"masses":[187],"spins":[189],"fixed":[190],"PE":[192,212],"medians,":[193],"while":[194,233],"$d_L$,":[195],"$\u03b8_{JN}$,":[196],"sky,":[197],"vary":[200],"within":[201],"PE-informed":[202],"priors.":[203],"Eleven":[204],"analyzed":[209],"(GW170817":[210],"omitted:":[211],"null).":[217],"None":[218],"favors":[219],"$\\mathrm{GR}+b$;":[220],"$|\u03be|_{90\\%}\\approx":[221],"0.15$,":[222],"$0.18$,":[223],"$0.23$":[225],"GW200311_115853":[230],"disfavor":[231],"$|\u03be|\\sim\\mathcal{O}(1)$,":[232],"weaker":[234],"bounds":[235],"(including":[236],"GW190814)":[237],"still":[238],"allow":[239],"scale.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
