{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220967293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","title":"Associations of Defense Mechanisms, Countertransference and Level of Personality Functioning","display_name":"Associations of Defense Mechanisms, Countertransference and Level of Personality Functioning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220967293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050956","display_name":"Open Science Framework","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"StudyRegistration"},"volume":null,"type":"study-registration","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116824201","display_name":"Luise Caesar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8868-6488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8868-6488"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luise Caesar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8868-6488","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128171172","display_name":"Samira Machule Yanez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samira Machule Yanez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000636531","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Kerber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-7784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-7784"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Kerber","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-7784","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057385089","display_name":"Ludwig Ohse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-2491","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6214-2491"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig Ohse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014050702","display_name":"Susanne H\u00f6rz\u2010Sagstetter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-5207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-5207"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susanne H\u00f6rz-Sagstetter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6051-5207","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091896626","display_name":"Leonie Kampe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-7820","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2096-7820"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonie Kampe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11132","display_name":"Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research","score":0.5938000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11132","display_name":"Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research","score":0.5938000082969666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11093","display_name":"Personality Disorders and Psychopathology","score":0.2451999932527542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.15360000729560852,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defense-mechanisms","display_name":"defense mechanisms","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countertransference","display_name":"countertransference","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-functioning","display_name":"personality functioning","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-relationship","display_name":"therapeutic relationship","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-disorders","display_name":"personality disorders","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borderline-personality-disorder","display_name":"borderline personality disorder","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narcissistic-traits","display_name":"narcissistic personality traits","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empathy","display_name":"empathy","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimacy","display_name":"intimacy","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-outcomes","display_name":"treatment outcomes","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-traits","display_name":"personality traits","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-process","display_name":"therapeutic process","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology-severity","display_name":"psychopathology severity","score":0.5049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142110763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498375","display_name":"Countertransference","level":2,"score":0.8197000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7285000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778873214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170659","display_name":"Personality pathology","level":4,"score":0.650600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777308609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270673","display_name":"Personality disorders","level":3,"score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123273963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758","display_name":"Psychopathology","level":2,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.41440001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162127614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5928045","display_name":"Ambivalence","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174010058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170643","display_name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","level":3,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778633572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3424027","display_name":"Therapeutic relationship","level":2,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.2978000044822693}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050956","display_name":"Open Science Framework","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"StudyRegistration"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/2p9x3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050956","display_name":"Open Science Framework","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"StudyRegistration"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3130240075","https://openalex.org/W4388662278","https://openalex.org/W7008602598","https://openalex.org/W2110931294","https://openalex.org/W2323898727","https://openalex.org/W4405763957","https://openalex.org/W4213266909","https://openalex.org/W2156593478","https://openalex.org/W2268850538","https://openalex.org/W1989617648"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125,785],"interplay":[1],"between":[2,35,203,355,459,579,607,686],"patients\u2019":[3,557,616],"personality":[4,49,121,128,146,209,212,247,264,296,356,529,547,558,590,734],"attributes,":[5],"the":[6,9,13,33,42,46,67,71,76,79,94,107,114,117,135,142,163,166,312,447,466,518,525,544,565,577,587,600,605,684,720,757,762,767,772],"quality":[7],"of":[8,15,45,48,63,73,78,127,141,145,151,168,220,245,278,327,381,389,405,415,423,449,508,520,528,546,589,604,618,722,733,759,769],"therapeutic":[10,108,797],"relationship,":[11],"and":[12,20,41,65,98,110,116,148,155,181,205,211,216,229,256,282,308,329,363,384,403,433,462,476,480,489,496,502,511,524,581,602,610,636,639,643,669,673,681,689,704,747,765,795],"outcome":[14],"a":[16,102,217,285,385,412,420,533,593],"therapy":[17],"is":[18,91,139,182,627],"complex":[19],"to":[21,31,267,337,349,554,569,629,666,718,756,789],"date":[22],"not":[23],"sufficiently":[24],"understood.":[25],"With":[26],"this":[27,132,196,715],"study,":[28],"we":[29,597],"aim":[30],"investigate":[32],"association":[34,685],"defense":[36,343,358,391,425,468,491,521],"mechanisms":[37,359,392,522],"(DM),":[38],"countertransference":[39],"(CT)":[40],"moderating":[43],"role":[44,535],"level":[47,126,219,380,414,527,545,588,617],"functioning":[50,129,159,221,383,530,591],"(PF).":[51],"DMs":[52,461,551,580,609,688,724],"are":[53,111,333,725,738,787],"defined":[54,92],"as":[55,93,342,401,494,543,592],"automatic":[56],"psychological":[57],"processes":[58],"that":[59,104,260,516],"occur":[60],"largely":[61],"outside":[62],"awareness":[64],"protect":[66],"individual":[68,460],"from":[69],"anxiety,":[70],"loss":[72],"self-esteem,":[74],"or":[75,324,360,408,677,691,707],"integration":[77],"self":[80,152],"(APA,":[81,160],"2013;":[82],"Cramer,":[83],"2015;":[84,373],"Di":[85],"Giuseppe":[86],"et":[87,189,237,315,319,367,371,375,438,442,452,561,653,657],"al.,":[88,190,238,316,320,368,372,376,439,443,562,654,658],"2021).":[89],"Countertransference":[90],"therapist\u00b4s":[95],"emotional,":[96],"cognitive":[97],"behavioral":[99],"reaction":[100],"towards":[101],"patient":[103,118],"emerge":[105],"within":[106],"interaction":[109],"shaped":[112],"by":[113,134,276,419,574],"therapist":[115],"including":[119,506],"patients":[120,180,261,292,626,752],"traits":[122,248,559],"(Kernberg,":[123],"1965).":[124],"(measured":[130],"in":[131,195,272,536,552,623,625,662,697,742,761,771,780],"study":[133,567,716],"SCID-5-AMPD,":[136],"Module":[137],"I)":[138],"part":[140],"alternative":[143],"model":[144],"disorders":[147,210,265],"represents":[149],"facets":[150],"(identity,":[153],"self-direction)":[154],"interpersonal":[156],"(empathy,":[157],"intimacy)":[158],"2013).":[161],"Over":[162],"last":[164],"years,":[165],"body":[167],"research":[169,573,651],"on":[170,201,305,311,353,615],"CT":[171,174,204,231,251,298,331,364,398,435,478,504,538,582,611,638,645,671,693,709,728,778],"has":[172,427],"increased.":[173],"provides":[175],"important":[176,185],"clinical":[177],"information":[178],"about":[179],"therefore":[183],"an":[184,744,748,781],"diagnostic":[186,783],"tool":[187],"(L\u00f6ffler-Stastka":[188],"2019).":[191],"To":[192],"date,":[193],"studies":[194,346],"field":[197],"have":[198,222,241,347,393],"mainly":[199],"focused":[200],"associations":[202,244,354,578,606],"psychopathology,":[206],"symptom":[207],"severity,":[208],"traits.":[213],"Greater":[214,695],"psychopathology":[215],"lower":[218,379],"been":[223,394,428],"associated":[224,395,429,473,482,499,631,701,726],"with":[225,249,262,284,291,302,396,430,474,483,500,632,649,702,727,751],"more":[226,351,386,431,633,667,705],"intense":[227,641],"negative":[228,330,397,501,642,679,690,708],"ambivalent":[230,270,323,503,644,692],"(Colli":[232,437,652],"&":[233],"Ferri,":[234],"2015,":[235],"Stefana":[236,318,656],"2020).":[239,321],"Studies":[240],"also":[242],"shown":[243],"specific":[246,250,456,608],"reactions.":[252,539,646,694],"For":[253,464],"example,":[254,465],"Tanzilli":[255],"colleagues":[257],"(2016)":[258],"showed":[259],"borderline":[263],"tend":[266],"evoke":[268],"strong":[269],"CTs":[271],"their":[273],"therapists,":[274],"characterized":[275,418],"feelings":[277,404,507],"being":[279,406,509,753],"overly":[280],"involved":[281,434],"working":[283,290],"\u201cspecial\u201d":[286],"patient.":[287],"Moreover,":[288],"when":[289],"having":[293],"pathological":[294],"narcissistic":[295],"traits,":[297],"reactions":[299,310,332,365,436,479,612,672,680,729,779],"appear":[300],"ambiguous":[301],"disengagement,":[303],"hopelessness":[304],"one":[306],"side":[307],"parental":[309],"other":[313],"(Day":[314],"2025,":[317],"These":[322,513],"simultaneous":[325],"experiences":[326],"positive":[328,432,477,635],"often":[334],"theoretically":[335],"linked":[336],"underlying":[338],"personality-related":[339],"processes,":[340],"such":[341,400,493,542],"mechanisms.":[344],"Recent":[345],"begun":[348],"focus":[350],"specifically":[352],"features,":[357],"defensive":[361,382,416],"functioning,":[362,417],"(Caesar":[366],"2025;":[369],"Machado":[370],"Colli":[374],"2022).":[377],"A":[378],"rigid":[387],"use":[388,422],"intermediate":[390,488],"reactions,":[399,505,583],"disengagement":[402],"overwhelmed":[407,510,676],"mistreated.":[409],"In":[410,486,647],"contrast,":[411,487],"higher":[413],"greater":[421],"adaptive":[424,467],"mechanisms,":[426,492],"2022;":[440],"Ulberg":[441],"2014).":[444],"Further":[445],"highlighting":[446],"relevance":[448],"DMs,":[450],"Caesar":[451],"al.":[453],"(2025)":[454],"investigated":[455],"correlational":[457],"links":[458],"CT.":[463,485],"mechanism":[469],"humor":[470],"was":[471],"positively":[472],"satisfying":[475],"negatively":[481],"disengaged":[484],"maladaptive":[490,687],"splitting":[495],"isolation,":[497],"were":[498],"overinvolved.":[512],"findings":[514,786],"suggest":[515],"both":[517,743],"type":[519],"used":[523],"overall":[526],"may":[531,682,699],"play":[532],"crucial":[534],"shaping":[537],"Related":[540],"constructs":[541],"organization,":[548],"explicitly":[549,585],"include":[550],"order":[553],"better":[555],"understand":[556],"(Kampe":[560],"2018).":[563],"Therefore,":[564],"present":[566],"aims":[568],"extend":[570],"our":[571],"previous":[572,650],"further":[575,790],"exploring":[576],"while":[584],"considering":[586],"moderator":[594],"variable.":[595],"Specifically,":[596],"examine":[598],"whether":[599],"strength":[601],"direction":[603],"differ":[613],"depending":[614],"PF.":[619],"Conceptually,":[620],"less":[621,660],"impairment":[622,661,696],"PF":[624,663,698],"expected":[628],"be":[630,700],"pronounced":[634],"confident":[637,668],"fewer":[640,674],"line":[648],"2014;":[655],"2020)":[659],"should":[664],"correspond":[665],"engaged":[670],"helpless,":[675],"otherwise":[678],"attenuate":[683],"stronger":[703],"polarized":[706],"responses.":[710],"By":[711],"examining":[712],"these":[713],"relationships,":[714],"seeks":[717],"improve":[719],"understanding":[721],"how":[723],"across":[730],"different":[731],"levels":[732],"functioning.":[735],"All":[736],"assessments":[737],"conducted":[739],"at":[740,766],"baseline":[741],"outpatient":[745,763],"setting":[746,764],"inpatient":[749,773],"setting,":[750,774],"assessed":[754],"prior":[755],"start":[758],"treatment":[760,770,792],"beginning":[768],"thereby":[775],"capturing":[776],"interviewers":[777],"early":[782,796],"context.":[784],"intended":[788],"develop":[791],"indication":[793],"recommendations":[794],"interventions.":[798]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}