{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220965762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","title":"Second-line treatment selection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis with reconstructed survival curves and integrated benefit\u2013risk assessment","display_name":"Second-line treatment selection for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis with reconstructed survival curves and integrated benefit\u2013risk assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220965762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923263","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13687082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137954705","display_name":"Xinming Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074602227","display_name":"Guilin Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-8286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0161-8286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilin Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033229560","display_name":"Yaoqun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-122X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-122X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoqun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137970719","display_name":"Jianrong Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianrong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137970877","display_name":"Jiaqi Yang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153267014","display_name":"Enyang He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enyang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157961719","display_name":"Geng Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074767560","display_name":"Bei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7114-2994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7114-2994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101027908","display_name":"Jiong Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8669-5634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8669-5634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089761","display_name":"West China Hospital of Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007mrxy13","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiong Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101027908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210089761"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51549434,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1908072","last_page":"1908072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10073","display_name":"Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11067","display_name":"Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10449","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"advanced hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-line-treatment","display_name":"second-line therapy","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors","display_name":"tyrosine kinase inhibitors","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regorafenib","display_name":"regorafenib","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cabozantinib","display_name":"cabozantinib","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pembrolizumab","display_name":"pembrolizumab","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ramucirumab","display_name":"ramucirumab","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-fetoprotein","display_name":"alpha-fetoprotein","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overall-survival","display_name":"overall survival","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-benefit-assessment","display_name":"risk-benefit assessment","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-patient-data","display_name":"individual patient data","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-safety","display_name":"treatment safety","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776248978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3891664","display_name":"Regorafenib","level":4,"score":0.8267999887466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781064419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795057","display_name":"Cabozantinib","level":3,"score":0.8080999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7001000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5828999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5719000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779551604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7290345","display_name":"Ramucirumab","level":3,"score":0.5666000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776264508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6523413","display_name":"Lenvatinib","level":4,"score":0.5638999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.5435000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780057760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13896859","display_name":"Pembrolizumab","level":4,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778695046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421136","display_name":"Sorafenib","level":3,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148337","display_name":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19904005","display_name":"Durvalumab","level":5,"score":0.3727000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187960798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7631152","display_name":"Subgroup analysis","level":3,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906415","display_name":"Tyrosine-kinase inhibitor","level":3,"score":0.30559998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000082082","descriptor_name":"Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000096662","descriptor_name":"Ramucirumab","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000509","descriptor_name":"alpha-Fetoproteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000971","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006528","descriptor_name":"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008113","descriptor_name":"Liver Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010671","descriptor_name":"Phenylurea Compounds","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011725","descriptor_name":"Pyridines","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016032","descriptor_name":"Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017326","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047428","descriptor_name":"Protein Kinase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061067","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13687082","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13687082/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13687082/pdf/fimmu-17-1908072.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42923263","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a59ea8ab6535471cb6a38f65e787e1b7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a59ea8ab6535471cb6a38f65e787e1b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1908072/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1136406892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2026NSFSC0683","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5313561382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82573041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220965762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220965762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1617328014","https://openalex.org/W1828082159","https://openalex.org/W1968209756","https://openalex.org/W1982967337","https://openalex.org/W2051684210","https://openalex.org/W2111999709","https://openalex.org/W2128965737","https://openalex.org/W2129821518","https://openalex.org/W2239810687","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2560499218","https://openalex.org/W2604339938","https://openalex.org/W2791328450","https://openalex.org/W2808082897","https://openalex.org/W2908573150","https://openalex.org/W2925867428","https://openalex.org/W2970684805","https://openalex.org/W2990602950","https://openalex.org/W3046180289","https://openalex.org/W3080424252","https://openalex.org/W3110414417","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3161525867","https://openalex.org/W3169176494","https://openalex.org/W3213277274","https://openalex.org/W4225146220","https://openalex.org/W4310595719","https://openalex.org/W4364351829","https://openalex.org/W4385499620","https://openalex.org/W4387811282","https://openalex.org/W4392715036","https://openalex.org/W4394685576","https://openalex.org/W4401684300","https://openalex.org/W4402893223","https://openalex.org/W4403319721","https://openalex.org/W4405396034","https://openalex.org/W4407260495","https://openalex.org/W4407793214","https://openalex.org/W4410869103","https://openalex.org/W4412728203","https://openalex.org/W4414108496","https://openalex.org/W4414254680","https://openalex.org/W4414417995","https://openalex.org/W4414475796","https://openalex.org/W4416384202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416384202","https://openalex.org/W6926148147","https://openalex.org/W4401684300","https://openalex.org/W3004538268","https://openalex.org/W3169176494","https://openalex.org/W4389393462","https://openalex.org/W4414108496","https://openalex.org/W2914438443","https://openalex.org/W7161156138","https://openalex.org/W3201706292"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Optimal":[1],"second-line":[2,21,255],"systemic":[3],"therapy":[4,305],"for":[5,293],"advanced":[6],"hepatocellular":[7],"carcinoma":[8],"(HCC)":[9],"remains":[10,289],"uncertain.":[11],"This":[12],"study":[13],"compared":[14,149,246,317],"the":[15,52,61,121,139,187,193,223,229,265,300],"efficacy":[16],"and":[17,29,112,144,164,202,213,219,277,308],"safety":[18,261],"of":[19,134,222],"available":[20],"treatments":[22,272],"after":[23,33],"tyrosine":[24],"kinase":[25],"inhibitor":[26,36],"(TKI)":[27],"failure":[28],"explored":[30,116],"treatment":[31],"strategies":[32],"immune":[34],"checkpoint":[35],"(ICI)":[37],"exposure.":[38],"Methods:":[39],"Twelve":[40],"phase":[41],"III":[42],"randomized":[43],"controlled":[44],"trials":[45],"(RCTs)":[46],"were":[47,77,90,115,127,160,226],"included;":[48],"11":[49],"contributed":[50,58],"to":[51,60,79,120],"primary":[53],"post-TKI":[54],"network,":[55],"whereas":[56,85],"REACH-2":[57],"only":[59],"exploratory":[62,132,188,195,234,301],"alpha-fetoprotein":[63],"(AFP)":[64],"\u2265400":[65,172,297],"ng/mL":[66],"subgroup":[67,189],"analysis.":[68,190,232],"Reconstructed":[69],"individual":[70],"patient":[71],"data":[72],"from":[73],"published":[74],"Kaplan-Meier":[75],"curves":[76],"used":[78],"generate":[80],"descriptive":[81],"pooled":[82],"survival":[83,315],"curves,":[84],"formal":[86],"overall-survival":[87],"(OS)":[88],"comparisons":[89],"based":[91],"on":[92],"trial-reported":[93],"hazard":[94],"ratios":[95],"in":[96,130,186,228],"a":[97,285,290,313],"frequentist":[98],"random-effects":[99,140],"network":[100],"meta-analysis":[101],"(NMA).":[102],"Safety":[103],"was":[104,175,241,310],"evaluated":[105],"using":[106,117],"grade":[107],"\u22653":[108],"adverse":[109],"events":[110],"(AEs),":[111],"benefit-risk":[113],"profiles":[114],"multidimensional":[118],"distance":[119],"corner":[122],"(MDC).":[123],"Seven":[124],"observational":[125],"studies":[126],"synthesized":[128],"separately":[129],"an":[131],"analysis":[133],"post-ICI":[135,235,302],"strategies.":[136],"Results:":[137],"In":[138,233,299],"NMA,":[141],"regorafenib,":[142],"cabozantinib":[143,165,203],"pembrolizumab":[145],"significantly":[146],"improved":[147,178,244,257],"OS":[148,158,179,224,245,275],"with":[150,170,177,239,243,247,259,273,295,306,312,318],"placebo":[151,181],"or":[152,166,182],"best":[153,183],"supportive":[154,184],"care.":[155],"No":[156],"significant":[157],"differences":[159],"observed":[161],"between":[162],"regorafenib":[163,200,237,248,307,319],"pembrolizumab.":[167],"Among":[168],"patients":[169,294],"AFP":[171,296],"ng/mL,":[173],"ramucirumab":[174,288],"associated":[176,242,311],"versus":[180],"care":[185],"Pembrolizumab":[191,263],"had":[192],"lowest":[194],"MDC":[196,206],"(0.439),":[197],"followed":[198],"by":[199],"(0.693)":[201],"(0.908).":[204],"The":[205,217],"ordering":[207],"remained":[208],"unchanged":[209,227],"across":[210],"alternative":[211],"weighting":[212],"leave-one-out":[214],"sensitivity":[215,231],"analyses.":[216],"direction":[218],"statistical":[220],"significance":[221],"estimates":[225],"common-effects":[230],"analyses,":[236],"combined":[238],"ICIs":[240],"monotherapy.":[249],"Conclusions:":[250],"After":[251],"TKI":[252],"failure,":[253],"several":[254],"agents":[256],"OS,":[258],"differing":[260],"profiles.":[262],"showed":[264],"most":[266],"favorable":[267],"integrated":[268],"efficacy-safety":[269],"profile":[270],"among":[271],"demonstrated":[274],"benefit":[276,316],"may":[278],"be":[279],"particularly":[280],"relevant":[281],"when":[282],"tolerability":[283],"is":[284],"priority,":[286],"while":[287],"biomarker-directed":[291],"option":[292],"ng/mL.":[298],"analysis,":[303],"combination":[304],"ICI":[309],"potential":[314],"alone.":[320],"Systematic":[321],"Review":[322],"Registration:":[323],"https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261329202,":[324],"identifier":[325],"CRD420261329202.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
