{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220956385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","title":"Tripterygium wilfordii ameliorates complete freund adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis through modulating the gut-joint axis","display_name":"Tripterygium wilfordii ameliorates complete freund adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis through modulating the gut-joint axis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220956385","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923033","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13686877"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157917234","display_name":"Caili Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caili Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157902994","display_name":"Qingru Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingru Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625498","display_name":"Zheng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-9441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-9441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157932258","display_name":"Tiantian Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiantian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140760121","display_name":"Yujie Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174385955","display_name":"Hefei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b64k086","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174385955"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174385955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107956534","display_name":"Binbin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4571-3908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4571-3908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157966548","display_name":"Shenghai Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shenghai Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology, The Key Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology of Anhui Province, The Key Laboratory of Zoonoses of High Institutions in Anhui, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159617693","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174385955","display_name":"Hefei Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b64k086","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174385955"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174385955"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113002798","display_name":"Meijun Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5958-1941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5958-1941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197869895","display_name":"Anhui Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xb04968","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maozhen Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial medicinal resources development research team, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197869895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113002798","https://openalex.org/A5157966548","https://openalex.org/A5159617693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174385955","https://openalex.org/I197869895"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80320242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1828110","last_page":"1828110"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13026","display_name":"Natural Compounds in Disease Treatment","score":0.8140000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.11379999667406082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.0689999982714653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tripterygium-wilfordii","display_name":"Tripterygium wilfordii","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-joint-axis","display_name":"gut-joint axis","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptophan-metabolism","display_name":"tryptophan metabolism","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synovium","display_name":"synovium","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th17-treg-balance","display_name":"Th17/Treg balance","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jak-stat-signaling","display_name":"JAK/STAT signaling","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socs3","display_name":"SOCS3","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevotella","display_name":"Prevotella","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adlercreutzia-equolifaciens","display_name":"Adlercreutzia equolifaciens","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serum-metabolomics","display_name":"serum metabolomics","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-metagenomics","display_name":"gut metagenomics","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780695664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424919","display_name":"Tripterygium wilfordii","level":3,"score":0.8095999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776710720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80417","display_name":"Kynurenine pathway","level":5,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777165150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269334","display_name":"Dysbiosis","level":3,"score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777077863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170990","display_name":"Arthritis","level":2,"score":0.4966000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.4810999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7242440","display_name":"Prevotella","level":3,"score":0.4327999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4284000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.4251999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780305828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132656","display_name":"Bifidobacterium","level":4,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164007495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24721374","display_name":"Arginase","level":4,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.36419999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102652120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2419430","display_name":"Therapeutic effect","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781164371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906351","display_name":"Triptolide","level":3,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781079059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5226910","display_name":"Tripterygium","level":3,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83478079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908221","display_name":"Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","level":4,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780512811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829360","display_name":"Gastrointestinal tract","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777652487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575064","display_name":"Synovial membrane","level":3,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778754761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421804","display_name":"Lipopolysaccharide","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25581","display_name":"Synovial fluid","level":4,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53910766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238516","display_name":"5-HT receptor","level":4,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776706248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181003","display_name":"Tryptophan","level":3,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520127","display_name":"Periodontitis","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177857423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17077315","display_name":"Gut\u2013brain axis","level":3,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188947578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200253","display_name":"Traditional Chinese medicine","level":3,"score":0.25999999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069196","descriptor_name":"Gastrointestinal Microbiome","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001169","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001169","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001169","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001172","descriptor_name":"Arthritis, Rheumatoid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004365","descriptor_name":"Drugs, Chinese Herbal","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010936","descriptor_name":"Plant Extracts","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013583","descriptor_name":"Synovial Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D029757","descriptor_name":"Tripterygium","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055432","descriptor_name":"Metabolomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42923033","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13686877","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13686877/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b2ebb441bf744f85bb75e3e452f10867","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b2ebb441bf744f85bb75e3e452f10867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1828110/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G365309388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81974306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6815512842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2408085Y039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7867332662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82103857","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8495333017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"82300645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220956385.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220956385.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044880963","https://openalex.org/W2055942491","https://openalex.org/W2074438676","https://openalex.org/W2117382612","https://openalex.org/W2424659657","https://openalex.org/W2546086768","https://openalex.org/W2548957578","https://openalex.org/W2807927929","https://openalex.org/W2900750626","https://openalex.org/W2959117623","https://openalex.org/W2999597222","https://openalex.org/W3005664296","https://openalex.org/W3012871840","https://openalex.org/W3013317600","https://openalex.org/W3030972254","https://openalex.org/W3034746901","https://openalex.org/W3102857107","https://openalex.org/W3111223135","https://openalex.org/W3134475720","https://openalex.org/W3135108398","https://openalex.org/W3136511949","https://openalex.org/W3206417922","https://openalex.org/W3211746691","https://openalex.org/W4210698102","https://openalex.org/W4212790658","https://openalex.org/W4214880000","https://openalex.org/W4225882744","https://openalex.org/W4234317413","https://openalex.org/W4284891747","https://openalex.org/W4293469418","https://openalex.org/W4294755189","https://openalex.org/W4309096427","https://openalex.org/W4313382790","https://openalex.org/W4361276864","https://openalex.org/W4366290487","https://openalex.org/W4377564213","https://openalex.org/W4382199623","https://openalex.org/W4386295416","https://openalex.org/W4391537171","https://openalex.org/W4398238993","https://openalex.org/W4399159821","https://openalex.org/W4399321780","https://openalex.org/W4402121669","https://openalex.org/W4402407699","https://openalex.org/W4403054443","https://openalex.org/W4403082989","https://openalex.org/W4404296960","https://openalex.org/W4404716642","https://openalex.org/W4406291021","https://openalex.org/W4406718379","https://openalex.org/W4407599017","https://openalex.org/W4409795741","https://openalex.org/W4409871164","https://openalex.org/W4412532512","https://openalex.org/W4414252800","https://openalex.org/W4414625238","https://openalex.org/W4415700335","https://openalex.org/W4416297586","https://openalex.org/W4416334357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155376620","https://openalex.org/W7163679957","https://openalex.org/W4387882181","https://openalex.org/W4211251772","https://openalex.org/W7203600731","https://openalex.org/W4416068550","https://openalex.org/W4313510191","https://openalex.org/W4293427388","https://openalex.org/W4229974189","https://openalex.org/W3091199338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Although":[1],"Tripterygium":[2],"wilfordii":[3],"(TW)":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,92,251],"classical":[7],"Chinese":[8],"herbal":[9],"medicine":[10],"for":[11,255],"the":[12,18,28,36,39,53,78,115,189,217,220,244],"treatment":[13,122],"of":[14,27,42,95,107,132,219],"rheumatoid":[15],"arthritis":[16],"(RA),":[17],"mechanism":[19,37],"by":[20,129],"which":[21],"it":[22],"alleviates":[23],"inflammation":[24],"through":[25],"modulation":[26,218],"gut":[29,67,69,81,124,162,245],"microbiota":[30,125],"remains":[31],"unclear.":[32],"Methods":[33],"To":[34],"elucidate":[35],"underlying":[38],"therapeutic":[40,253],"effects":[41],"TW":[43,102,121,165],"on":[44,232],"RA,":[45],"we":[46],"first":[47],"employed":[48],"network":[49],"pharmacology":[50],"to":[51,76,160,235,243],"predict":[52],"relevant":[54],"pathways":[55],"and":[56,73,84,87,111,113,136,140,144,193,205,247],"core":[57],"targets.":[58],"Subsequently,":[59],"an":[60],"integrative":[61],"multi-omics":[62],"approach":[63],"was":[64],"applied,":[65],"including":[66],"metagenomics,":[68],"metabolomics,":[70,72],"serum":[71,85,105],"synovial":[74,88,211,225],"transcriptomics,":[75],"investigate":[77],"alterations":[79],"in":[80,91,118,186,216],"microbiota,":[82],"intestinal":[83,119],"metabolites,":[86],"gene":[89],"expression":[90],"rat":[93],"model":[94],"RA.":[96,256],"Results":[97],"Our":[98],"findings":[99,241],"revealed":[100],"that":[101,197],"supplementation":[103],"lowered":[104],"concentrations":[106],"IL-6,":[108],"IL-1\u03b2,":[109],"TNF-\u03b1,":[110],"IL-10":[112],"modulated":[114],"Th17/Treg":[116],"balance":[117],"tissue.":[120],"altered":[123],"(GM)":[126],"composition,":[127],"marked":[128],"increased":[130],"abundance":[131],"Prevotella":[133],"sp":[134],"PCJ2":[135],"Psychrobacter":[137],"pasteurii":[138],",":[139,147],"decreased":[141],"Adlercreutzia":[142],"equolifaciens":[143],"Schaedlerella":[145],"arabinosiphila":[146],"synergizing":[148],"with":[149,182,210],"keystone":[150],"species":[151],"(":[152],"Bifidobacterium":[153],"animalis,":[154],"Phocaeicola":[155],"sartorii,":[156],"Blautia":[157],"faecis":[158],")":[159],"promote":[161],"health.":[163],"Concurrently,":[164],"elevated":[166],"tryptophan":[167,177,190,248],"metabolites":[168,200],"(tryptophol,":[169],"tryptamine,":[170],"5-hydroxykynurenamine)":[171],"while":[172],"reducing":[173],"4-(2-aminophenyl)-2,4-dioxobutanoic":[174],"acid,":[175],"restoring":[176],"metabolism.":[178],"This":[179],"regulation":[180],"coincided":[181],"upregulated":[183,224],"Inmt":[184],"mRNA":[185],"synovium,":[187],"activating":[188],"pathway.":[191],"Correlation":[192],"mediation":[194],"analyses":[195],"indicated":[196],"gut-derived":[198],"circulating":[199],"such":[201],"as":[202,250],"N-myristoyl":[203],"arginine":[204],"lauramidoxide":[206],"were":[207],"positively":[208],"correlated":[209],"Jun":[212],"expression,":[213],"potentially":[214],"participating":[215],"IL-17-NF-\u03baB":[221],"cascade.":[222],"Consistently,":[223],"Socs3":[226],"may":[227],"exert":[228],"negative":[229],"feedback":[230],"suppression":[231],"JAK-STAT":[233],"signaling":[234],"alleviate":[236],"inflammatory":[237],"responses.":[238],"Discussion":[239],"These":[240],"point":[242],"microbiome":[246],"pathway":[249],"new":[252],"avenue":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
