{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220955626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","title":"Fractal and multifractal characteristics of particle-size distributions in debris-flow deposits","display_name":"Fractal and multifractal characteristics of particle-size distributions in debris-flow deposits","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220955626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74631-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74631-z_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102366004","display_name":"Zongheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-8590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-8590"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zongheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China","Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environment Change of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0529-8590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environment Change of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121666961","display_name":"Yilong Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Yilong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China","Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environment Change of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environment Change of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157949565","display_name":"Bai Jianjiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120825670","display_name":"Yunnan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00sc9n023","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bai Jianjiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China","Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environment Change of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographic Processes and Environment Change of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102366004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120825670"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73916971,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10535","display_name":"Landslides and related hazards","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10965","display_name":"Geological formations and processes","score":0.12030000239610672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10577","display_name":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris-flow-deposits","display_name":"debris flow deposits","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size-distribution","display_name":"particle size distribution","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"fractal dimension","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multifractal-analysis","display_name":"multifractal analysis","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/singularity-strength","display_name":"singularity strength","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"spatial variability","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-sorting","display_name":"sediment sorting","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-transport","display_name":"sediment transport","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depositional-processes","display_name":"depositional processes","score":0.921999990940094}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133905733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629238","display_name":"Multifractal system","level":3,"score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.8097000122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.4799000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46950000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.3853999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32440000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31049999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60396315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477489","display_name":"Fractal dimension on networks","level":5,"score":0.2305999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.2215999960899353}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74631-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-74631-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-74631-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220955626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220955626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989902627","https://openalex.org/W2059351231","https://openalex.org/W2065786702","https://openalex.org/W2212598119","https://openalex.org/W2431950220","https://openalex.org/W2904250115","https://openalex.org/W4286631884","https://openalex.org/W4312056501","https://openalex.org/W4362467491","https://openalex.org/W4388464981","https://openalex.org/W4402890297","https://openalex.org/W4404504206","https://openalex.org/W4404852551","https://openalex.org/W4406703469","https://openalex.org/W4409019159","https://openalex.org/W4409185897","https://openalex.org/W4411505463","https://openalex.org/W4414983817","https://openalex.org/W7166594343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012034208","https://openalex.org/W2040957916","https://openalex.org/W2374391756","https://openalex.org/W2367819781","https://openalex.org/W4413787476","https://openalex.org/W7163685808","https://openalex.org/W2352348531","https://openalex.org/W2376230517","https://openalex.org/W2384270523","https://openalex.org/W4408562203"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Particle-size":[0],"distribution":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,134],"fundamental":[4],"characteristic":[5,152],"of":[6,68,90,241],"debris-flow":[7,24,242],"deposits":[8,76,214,243],"and":[9,17,50,52,65,97,126,142,161,182,194,227,244,252],"provides":[10],"important":[11],"information":[12],"on":[13],"sediment":[14,249],"transport,":[15,251],"sorting,":[16,250],"depositional":[18,253],"processes.":[19,254],"This":[20],"study":[21],"investigates":[22],"ten":[23],"deposit":[25],"profiles":[26],"along":[27,32],"the":[28,60,75,80,91,162,192,237],"sampled":[29],"main-channel":[30],"reach":[31],"Jiangjiagou,":[33],"Yunnan":[34],"Province,":[35],"China.":[36],"Mechanical":[37],"sieving":[38],"combined":[39],"with":[40,203,208],"laser":[41],"diffraction":[42],"was":[43],"employed":[44],"to":[45,57,118,159,169,200,216],"obtain":[46],"high-resolution":[47],"particle-size":[48,69,93,109,186,201,239],"data,":[49],"single-fractal":[51],"multifractal":[53,195,228],"approaches":[54],"were":[55,77],"used":[56],"quantitatively":[58],"characterize":[59],"spatial":[61,106,146],"variability,":[62],"structural":[63],"complexity,":[64,211],"multiscale":[66,183],"heterogeneity":[67,181],"distributions.":[70,187],"The":[71,111,129,151],"results":[72,223],"reveal":[73],"that":[74,191,225],"dominated":[78],"by":[79],"coarse":[81],"fraction":[82],"(>":[83],"0.05":[84],"mm),":[85],"which":[86],"accounted":[87],"for":[88,235],"95.75\u201399.82%":[89],"total":[92],"composition,":[94,202],"whereas":[95,212],"clay":[96],"silt":[98],"contents":[99],"varied":[100],"among":[101,148],"sampling":[102,149],"sites,":[103],"indicating":[104,179],"clear":[105],"differentiation":[107],"in":[108,123,185],"organization.":[110],"global":[112],"fractal":[113,193,220,226],"dimension":[114,131],"ranges":[115,156],"from":[116,157,167],"2.09":[117],"2.40,":[119],"reflecting":[120],"substantial":[121],"variability":[122,184],"particle":[124],"mixing":[125],"granulometric":[127,210],"complexity.":[128],"generalized":[130],"spectra":[132],"exhibit":[133,217],"typical":[135],"inverted":[136],"S-shaped":[137],"pattern,":[138],"while":[139],"D\u2080,":[140],"D\u2081,":[141],"D\u2082":[143],"show":[144],"marked":[145],"variations":[147],"sites.":[150],"singularity":[153],"strength":[154],"(\u03b1\u2080)":[155],"0.768":[158],"1.714,":[160],"spectrum":[163],"width":[164],"(\u0394\u03b1)":[165],"varies":[166],"1.19":[168],"2.49.":[170],"D\u2081/D\u2080":[171],"values":[172],"are":[173,197],"consistently":[174],"well":[175],"below":[176],"unity,":[177],"further":[178],"pronounced":[180],"Correlation":[188],"analysis":[189],"shows":[190],"characteristics":[196],"closely":[198],"related":[199],"fine-particle":[204],"enrichment":[205],"generally":[206],"associated":[207],"higher":[209],"coarser":[213],"tend":[215],"relatively":[218],"simplified":[219],"structures.":[221],"These":[222],"demonstrate":[224],"parameters":[229],"provide":[230],"an":[231],"effective":[232],"quantitative":[233],"framework":[234],"characterizing":[236],"complex":[238],"architecture":[240],"offer":[245],"new":[246],"insights":[247],"into":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}