{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220943545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","title":"The Battle Against Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report of a Patient With Scleroderma Renal Crisis","display_name":"The Battle Against Systemic Sclerosis: A Case Report of a Patient With Scleroderma Renal Crisis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220943545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42999723","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13744362"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/187325-the-battle-against-systemic-sclerosis-a-case-report-of-a-patient-with-scleroderma-renal-crisis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/187325-the-battle-against-systemic-sclerosis-a-case-report-of-a-patient-with-scleroderma-renal-crisis.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043848152","display_name":"Noor Elkurwi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122071","display_name":"Medical University of Lodz","ror":"https://ror.org/02t4ekc95","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Noor Elkurwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157890925","display_name":"Zeineb Garmeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122071","display_name":"Medical University of Lodz","ror":"https://ror.org/02t4ekc95","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeineb Garmeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010151450","display_name":"Qabas Elkurwi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122071","display_name":"Medical University of Lodz","ror":"https://ror.org/02t4ekc95","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qabas Elkurwi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016545334","display_name":"Zahra Hassan Abu Jawhar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162674","display_name":"Dammam Central Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwg3z97","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162674"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra H Abu Jawhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dermatology, Dammam Health Network, Dammam, SAU"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dermatology, Dammam Health Network, Dammam, SAU","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162674"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069711022","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Jadwiga Wajdlich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7702-4428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122071","display_name":"Medical University of Lodz","ror":"https://ror.org/02t4ekc95","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malgorzata Wajdlich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension, Transplantation, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, POL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043848152"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122071"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"e117638","last_page":"e117638"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11330","display_name":"Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11330","display_name":"Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10728","display_name":"Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11310","display_name":"Connective tissue disorders research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-sclerosis","display_name":"systemic sclerosis","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scleroderma-renal-crisis","display_name":"scleroderma renal crisis","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlap-syndrome","display_name":"overlap syndrome","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sjogren-s-syndrome","display_name":"Sj\u00f6gren's syndrome","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-myopathies","display_name":"myositis","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-plasma-exchange","display_name":"plasma exchange","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemodialysis","display_name":"hemodialysis","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glucocorticoids","display_name":"glucocorticoids","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclophosphamide","display_name":"cyclophosphamide","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sclerodactyly","display_name":"sclerodactyly","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raynaud-s-phenomenon","display_name":"Raynaud's phenomenon","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-organ-failure","display_name":"multiple organ failure","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoimmune-disease","display_name":"autoimmune disease","score":0.36500000953674316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9904000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.7645999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779967694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383511","display_name":"Scleroderma (fungus)","level":3,"score":0.6409000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4745999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779625490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5340515","display_name":"Systemic scleroderma","level":3,"score":0.34040001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778674544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414805","display_name":"Systemic disease","level":3,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776670291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779300","display_name":"Connective tissue disease","level":4,"score":0.328900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780091579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9377","display_name":"Kidney","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/187325-the-battle-against-systemic-sclerosis-a-case-report-of-a-patient-with-scleroderma-renal-crisis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42999723","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42999723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Case Reports"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13744362","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13744362/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117638","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/187325-the-battle-against-systemic-sclerosis-a-case-report-of-a-patient-with-scleroderma-renal-crisis.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220943545.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220943545.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53739053","https://openalex.org/W1528062235","https://openalex.org/W2013956316","https://openalex.org/W2077553387","https://openalex.org/W2159860060","https://openalex.org/W2327209497","https://openalex.org/W2525860796","https://openalex.org/W2753771625","https://openalex.org/W2791622522","https://openalex.org/W2795983487","https://openalex.org/W2985371545","https://openalex.org/W3010815247","https://openalex.org/W3033107125","https://openalex.org/W3106633966","https://openalex.org/W3186383373","https://openalex.org/W4281691521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2432386584","https://openalex.org/W2755171826","https://openalex.org/W4403830788","https://openalex.org/W6948143878","https://openalex.org/W4367054327","https://openalex.org/W3092491577","https://openalex.org/W1518690047","https://openalex.org/W325562717","https://openalex.org/W2550517569","https://openalex.org/W4281691521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systemic":[0],"scleroderma":[1,96,156],"(SSc)":[2],"is":[3,28,165],"an":[4,43],"uncommon":[5],"autoimmune":[6],"disorder":[7],"that":[8],"causes":[9],"excessive":[10],"fibrosis":[11],"of":[12,35,106,130,151],"the":[13,19,52,103,107,111,127,131,149],"skin":[14],"and":[15,22,31,72,82,89,99,143,159],"internal":[16],"organs,":[17],"especially":[18],"lungs,":[20],"kidneys,":[21],"heart.":[23],"Scleroderma":[24],"renal":[25],"crisis":[26],"(SRC)":[27],"a":[29,61,137,172],"rare":[30],"potentially":[32],"fatal":[33],"complication":[34],"SSc.":[36],"In":[37],"recent":[38],"years,":[39],"there":[40],"has":[41,56,133],"been":[42,57,134],"increasing":[44],"interest":[45],"in":[46],"SSc":[47],"treatment,":[48],"but":[49],"so":[50],"far,":[51],"targeted":[53],"management":[54],"approach":[55],"lacking.":[58],"We":[59],"report":[60],"44-year-old":[62],"male":[63],"patient":[64,92],"with":[65,77,97,115],"overlap":[66,157],"syndrome":[67,158],"(systemic":[68],"scleroderma,":[69],"Sjogren's":[70],"syndrome,":[71],"myositis),":[73],"who":[74],"underwent":[75],"treatment":[76],"therapeutic":[78],"plasma":[79],"exchange":[80],"(TPE)":[81],"received":[83],"hemodialysis,":[84],"angiotensin-converting":[85],"enzyme":[86],"inhibitors,":[87],"glucocorticosteroids,":[88],"cyclophosphamide.":[90],"The":[91],"presented":[93],"prominent":[94],"cutaneous":[95],"sclerodactyly":[98],"Raynaud's":[100],"phenomenon.":[101],"Despite":[102],"initial":[104],"stabilization":[105],"patient's":[108,153],"condition":[109],"on":[110],"multimodal":[112],"pharmacotherapy":[113],"combined":[114],"TPE,":[116],"he":[117],"later":[118],"died":[119],"from":[120],"multi-organ":[121],"failure.":[122],"Although":[123],"TPE":[124,170],"performed":[125],"during":[126],"early":[128],"course":[129],"disease":[132],"reported":[135],"as":[136],"potential":[138],"adjunctive":[139],"therapy,":[140],"its":[141],"efficacy":[142],"long-term":[144],"benefits":[145],"remain":[146],"uncertain.":[147],"Given":[148],"complexity":[150],"our":[152],"presentation,":[154],"including":[155],"advanced,":[160],"irreversible":[161],"organ":[162],"damage,":[163],"it":[164],"difficult":[166],"to":[167],"determine":[168],"whether":[169],"provided":[171],"meaningful":[173],"clinical":[174],"benefit.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}