{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220938820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","title":"Artificial intelligence in spinal fracture imaging: from clinical application to translational promise","display_name":"Artificial intelligence in spinal fracture imaging: from clinical application to translational promise","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220938820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923746","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13687950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157920198","display_name":"Zhimin Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176134282","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhimin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111775286","display_name":"Cheng Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176134282","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157920813","display_name":"Peibo Feng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176134282","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peibo Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157980913","display_name":"Xiaohan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176134282","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Medicine and Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157928393","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176134282","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157903082","display_name":"Yuanxiang Lan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087327","display_name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0006swh35","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanxiang Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087327"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784967","display_name":"Ning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-7515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2663-7515","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5330-2218","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5888-6452","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7311-5378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176134282","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100784967"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176134282"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43471486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1916223","last_page":"1916223"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":0.011500000022351742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertebral-fractures","display_name":"vertebral fractures","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporotic-fractures","display_name":"osteoporotic fractures","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-fractures","display_name":"traumatic fractures","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathological-fracture","display_name":"pathological fracture","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-model","display_name":"hybrid model","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-planning","display_name":"surgical planning","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complication-prediction","display_name":"complication prediction","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation-models","display_name":"foundation models","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reporting-bias","display_name":"reporting bias","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translational-research","display_name":"translational research","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6543999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.4431999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43849998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4156000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.35510000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780966255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5474306","display_name":"Foundation (evidence)","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19648533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691640","display_name":"Evidence-based medicine","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13687950","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13687950/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13687950/pdf/fmed-13-1916223.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Med (Lausanne)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42923746","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42923746","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8985260f847740e2b95ff2152499c0c4","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8985260f847740e2b95ff2152499c0c4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine, Vol 13 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/medicine/articles/10.3389/fmed.2026.1916223/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2597052008","display_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","issn_l":"2296-858X","issn":["2296-858X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322768","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328746","display_name":"Guilin Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/000prga03"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220938820.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220938820.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1897459590","https://openalex.org/W2013545617","https://openalex.org/W2164988465","https://openalex.org/W2266182773","https://openalex.org/W2884946386","https://openalex.org/W2890930009","https://openalex.org/W2901559346","https://openalex.org/W2939046482","https://openalex.org/W3034882511","https://openalex.org/W3040149300","https://openalex.org/W3090277483","https://openalex.org/W3102654450","https://openalex.org/W3112346810","https://openalex.org/W3137427211","https://openalex.org/W3154625052","https://openalex.org/W3165486178","https://openalex.org/W3173403218","https://openalex.org/W3194303140","https://openalex.org/W3205605275","https://openalex.org/W3208994043","https://openalex.org/W3212344261","https://openalex.org/W3214398702","https://openalex.org/W4210888920","https://openalex.org/W4225588586","https://openalex.org/W4286214415","https://openalex.org/W4286257122","https://openalex.org/W4288077237","https://openalex.org/W4297184273","https://openalex.org/W4301399128","https://openalex.org/W4309764757","https://openalex.org/W4353081113","https://openalex.org/W4361294126","https://openalex.org/W4362604585","https://openalex.org/W4367834059","https://openalex.org/W4376127846","https://openalex.org/W4381683330","https://openalex.org/W4383302364","https://openalex.org/W4384339480","https://openalex.org/W4385249387","https://openalex.org/W4385341277","https://openalex.org/W4385752252","https://openalex.org/W4385795844","https://openalex.org/W4386442867","https://openalex.org/W4388635393","https://openalex.org/W4389480329","https://openalex.org/W4389917982","https://openalex.org/W4390742912","https://openalex.org/W4391231470","https://openalex.org/W4391256268","https://openalex.org/W4391888178","https://openalex.org/W4392186088","https://openalex.org/W4394806932","https://openalex.org/W4396557787","https://openalex.org/W4396762878","https://openalex.org/W4396772213","https://openalex.org/W4396809773","https://openalex.org/W4398150508","https://openalex.org/W4399107625","https://openalex.org/W4400066063","https://openalex.org/W4400519433","https://openalex.org/W4400734822","https://openalex.org/W4400743439","https://openalex.org/W4400771020","https://openalex.org/W4401162462","https://openalex.org/W4401794004","https://openalex.org/W4401925893","https://openalex.org/W4402102213","https://openalex.org/W4402926803","https://openalex.org/W4403888606","https://openalex.org/W4404353358","https://openalex.org/W4404438297","https://openalex.org/W4404494386","https://openalex.org/W4405183438","https://openalex.org/W4405313208","https://openalex.org/W4405371397","https://openalex.org/W4405526581","https://openalex.org/W4405571080","https://openalex.org/W4405659938","https://openalex.org/W4406296262","https://openalex.org/W4406875107","https://openalex.org/W4406972809","https://openalex.org/W4407135816","https://openalex.org/W4407959948","https://openalex.org/W4408717527","https://openalex.org/W4408885010","https://openalex.org/W4409012407","https://openalex.org/W4409438685","https://openalex.org/W4410553288","https://openalex.org/W4410597972","https://openalex.org/W4410614161","https://openalex.org/W4410622395","https://openalex.org/W4410629482","https://openalex.org/W4410642324","https://openalex.org/W4410723968","https://openalex.org/W4410744501","https://openalex.org/W4410940023","https://openalex.org/W4410970602","https://openalex.org/W4410980407","https://openalex.org/W4411034133","https://openalex.org/W4411095267","https://openalex.org/W4411100163","https://openalex.org/W4411133830","https://openalex.org/W4411177728","https://openalex.org/W4411350868","https://openalex.org/W4411827801","https://openalex.org/W4411917810","https://openalex.org/W4412518156","https://openalex.org/W4412637700","https://openalex.org/W4412729068","https://openalex.org/W4412834272","https://openalex.org/W4412901606","https://openalex.org/W4412988404","https://openalex.org/W4413042609","https://openalex.org/W4413115297","https://openalex.org/W4413811448","https://openalex.org/W4414261894","https://openalex.org/W4414309317","https://openalex.org/W4415043197","https://openalex.org/W4415114883","https://openalex.org/W4415230890","https://openalex.org/W4415254401","https://openalex.org/W4415953944","https://openalex.org/W4416112849","https://openalex.org/W4416426290","https://openalex.org/W4416572724","https://openalex.org/W4416789777","https://openalex.org/W7117373819","https://openalex.org/W7118165370","https://openalex.org/W7125241709","https://openalex.org/W7125580653","https://openalex.org/W7128209181","https://openalex.org/W7129261397","https://openalex.org/W7130574799","https://openalex.org/W7131071649","https://openalex.org/W7172494805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412834272","https://openalex.org/W4406296262","https://openalex.org/W7154235395","https://openalex.org/W4408221404","https://openalex.org/W3134978958","https://openalex.org/W7171506864","https://openalex.org/W7160435381","https://openalex.org/W4390742912","https://openalex.org/W4416590217","https://openalex.org/W4400066063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"is":[3],"reshaping":[4],"medical":[5],"imaging,":[6,39],"and":[7,21,46,49,58,88,100,114,139,159,162,190],"deep":[8],"learning":[9,13],"together":[10],"with":[11],"machine":[12],"are":[14],"now":[15],"being":[16],"used":[17],"to":[18,178,194],"detect,":[19],"classify,":[20],"differentially":[22],"diagnose":[23],"spinal":[24,38],"fractures.":[25,61],"In":[26],"this":[27],"Review,":[28],"we":[29,50,127],"survey":[30],"the":[31,92,129],"principal":[32],"AI":[33,66,133],"architectures":[34],"that":[35,65,120,145,184],"currently":[36],"support":[37],"including":[40,154],"convolutional":[41],"neural":[42],"networks,":[43],"object":[44],"detectors,":[45],"hybrid":[47],"models,":[48],"assess":[51],"their":[52],"reported":[53],"performance":[54,80,176],"for":[55,83],"osteoporotic,":[56],"traumatic,":[57],"pathological":[59],"vertebral":[60],"Our":[62],"synthesis":[63],"indicates":[64],"can":[67],"achieve":[68],"high":[69],"diagnostic":[70],"accuracy":[71],"in":[72,134],"controlled,":[73],"often":[74],"single-centre":[75],"retrospective":[76],"settings,":[77],"but":[78],"its":[79],"consistently":[81],"declines":[82],"mild":[84],"fractures,":[85],"degenerated":[86],"spines,":[87],"postoperative":[89],"anatomy.":[90],"Critically,":[91],"majority":[93],"of":[94,116,132,156,166],"published":[95],"models":[96,158],"lack":[97],"external":[98],"validation,":[99],"many":[101],"studies":[102,183],"suffer":[103],"from":[104,175],"methodological":[105],"shortcomings":[106],"such":[107],"as":[108],"selective":[109],"reporting,":[110,189],"insufficient":[111],"sample":[112],"sizes,":[113],"absence":[115],"predefined":[117],"analysis":[118],"plans-factors":[119],"systematically":[121],"inflate":[122],"apparent":[123],"accuracy.":[124],"Beyond":[125],"detection,":[126],"explore":[128],"growing":[130],"applications":[131],"surgical":[135],"planning,":[136],"complication":[137],"prediction,":[138],"functional":[140],"outcome":[141],"estimation,":[142],"while":[143],"emphasising":[144],"most":[146],"evidence":[147],"remains":[148],"preliminary.":[149],"We":[150,169],"identify":[151],"persistent":[152],"gaps,":[153],"underuse":[155],"foundation":[157],"public":[160],"benchmarks,":[161],"limited":[163],"independent":[164],"evaluation":[165],"commercial":[167],"tools.":[168],"conclude":[170],"by":[171],"proposing":[172],"a":[173],"shift":[174],"reporting":[177],"methodologically":[179],"rigorous,":[180],"prospectively":[181],"designed":[182],"incorporate":[185],"bias":[186],"assessment,":[187],"standardised":[188],"patient-centred":[191],"endpoints-steps":[192],"essential":[193],"translate":[195],"technical":[196],"promise":[197],"into":[198],"tangible":[199],"patient":[200],"benefit.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
