{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220926368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","title":"Virus \u03a8M2 enters a non-lytic lifecycle alternative to lysogeny during infection of Methanothermobacter marburgensis","display_name":"Virus \u03a8M2 enters a non-lytic lifecycle alternative to lysogeny during infection of Methanothermobacter marburgensis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220926368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.07.757236.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.07.757236.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126579726","display_name":"Sylvia Michaela Schlaich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia M. Schlaich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstra\u00dfe 94-96, 72076 T\u00fcbingen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstra\u00dfe 94-96, 72076 T\u00fcbingen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010460500","display_name":"Josephine Herbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-6344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-6344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josephine Herbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-6344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103123899","display_name":"Donat Crippa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1777-6533","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1777-6533"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donat Crippa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157962144","display_name":"Beyza R. Kercin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beyza R. Kercin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstra\u00dfe 94-96, 72076 T\u00fcbingen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstra\u00dfe 94-96, 72076 T\u00fcbingen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026566683","display_name":"Marie Charlotte Schoelmerich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-0043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-0043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie C. Schoelmerich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7679-0043","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Universit\u00e4tstrasse 16, 8092 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041232390","display_name":"Bastian Molitor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-1668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-1668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I926574661","display_name":"Leipzig University","ror":"https://ror.org/03s7gtk40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bastian Molitor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstra\u00dfe 94-96, 72076 T\u00fcbingen","Microbial Metabolic Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0776-1668","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, University of T\u00fcbingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72074 T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Geosciences, University of T\u00fcbingen, Schnarrenbergstra\u00dfe 94-96, 72076 T\u00fcbingen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbial Metabolic Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I926574661"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041232390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733","https://openalex.org/I926574661"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13220","display_name":"Plant and Fungal Interactions Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanothermobacter-marburgensis","display_name":"Methanothermobacter marburgensis","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methanogenic-archaea","display_name":"methanogenic archaea","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaeal-viruses","display_name":"archaeal viruses","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lysogeny","display_name":"lysogeny","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrachromosomal-viral-dna","display_name":"extrachromosomal viral DNA","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-population-heterogeneity","display_name":"viral population heterogeneity","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capsid-protein","display_name":"capsid protein","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-host-interactions","display_name":"host-virus interaction","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-discovery","display_name":"virus discovery","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane-mitigation","display_name":"methane mitigation","score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuel-production","display_name":"biofuel production","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-gut-microbiota","display_name":"human gut microbiome","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.9246000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182615771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369386","display_name":"Lytic cycle","level":3,"score":0.8292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136199206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148110","display_name":"Lysogenic cycle","level":5,"score":0.6762999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.583299994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.5012000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49129998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780530800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072921","display_name":"ORFS","level":5,"score":0.4803999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202878990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830465","display_name":"Capsid","level":3,"score":0.47209998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98108389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412563","display_name":"CRISPR","level":3,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14430832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412550","display_name":"Integrase","level":3,"score":0.36480000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780984408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770","display_name":"Myoviridae","level":5,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776441376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028","display_name":"Bacteriophage","level":4,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779758228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858790","display_name":"DNA virus","level":4,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1169785","display_name":"Methanogen","level":3,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776668709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16985860","display_name":"Minute virus of mice","level":5,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8769409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066554","display_name":"Viral evolution","level":4,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190743605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027885","display_name":"Human virome","level":4,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22744801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172778","display_name":"Plasmid","level":3,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.28700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24432333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068526","display_name":"Whole genome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778303719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6808","display_name":"Siphoviridae","level":5,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89684784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422184","display_name":"Extrachromosomal DNA","level":4,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.25929999351501465}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.07.757236.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.07.757236","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.07.757236.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2036822895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3265627954","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EXC 2124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321112","funder_display_name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3771624955","display_name":"New Drivers of Microbial Methane Cycling","funder_award_id":"226487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321112","display_name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220926368.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220926368.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4251283198","https://openalex.org/W7130926069","https://openalex.org/W4256520430","https://openalex.org/W2750925258","https://openalex.org/W4309683789","https://openalex.org/W6960117024","https://openalex.org/W3202066676","https://openalex.org/W2116631962","https://openalex.org/W4220725479","https://openalex.org/W4387012831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Methanogens,":[1],"a":[2,37,44,106,136,139,168,180,194,218,222],"diverse":[3],"group":[4,396],"of":[5,31,133,146,205,283,290,330,345,350,397],"archaea":[6],"that":[7,35,47,58,80,152,177,321,356],"produce":[8],"methane":[9],"during":[10],"energy":[11],"metabolism,":[12],"are":[13,20,277],"prevalent":[14,335],"in":[15,83,105,117,170,232,327],"anoxic":[16],"habitats":[17],"where":[18],"they":[19,262,276],"exposed":[21],"to":[22,167,184,216,230,256,267,315],"viral":[23,154,196,228,243,325],"infections.":[24],"The":[25],"head-tailed":[26,380,398],"virus":[27,33,46,359,371],"\u03a8M2":[28,59,134,178],"is":[29,334],"one":[30],"few":[32,309],"isolates":[34],"infect":[36],"methanogen":[38,89,332,381],"host":[39,90,163,188,233],"and":[40,122,208,221,235,245,340,389],"was":[41,211],"described":[42,361],"as":[43,280,299,301,362],"lytic":[45,66,363],"lyses":[48],"its":[49],"host,":[50,333],"Methanothermobacter":[51],"marburgensis":[52,149],".":[53],"Here,":[54],"we":[55,353],"present":[56],"evidence":[57,355],"does":[60],"not":[61,94,337],"exclusively":[62],"follow":[63],"the":[64,88,112,118,131,153,162,171,284,288,328,343,394],"classic":[65],"lifecycle":[67,182],"but":[68,98,261,336],"can":[69,263],"also":[70,264],"enter":[71],"an":[72,357,365],"alternative,":[73],"chronic":[74],"infection-like":[75],"state.":[76],"Growth":[77],"experiments":[78],"showed":[79],"infected":[81],"cultures":[82,150],"minimal":[84],"medium,":[85],"optimized":[86],"for":[87,141,272],"(MS":[91],"medium)":[92],"did":[93],"exhibit":[95],"complete":[96],"lysis":[97],"continuously":[99],"released":[100,115],"infective":[101],"virions.":[102],"In":[103,348],"contrast,":[104],"suboptimal":[107,187],"complex":[108,242],"medium":[109],"(SAB":[110],"medium),":[111],"\u03a8M2-infected":[113,147],"culture":[114],"virions":[116],"exponential":[119],"growth":[120,189],"phase":[121],"eventually":[123],"lysed":[124],"after":[125],"14":[126],"hours":[127],"post":[128],"infection.":[129],"Although":[130],"genome":[132,144,329],"encodes":[135],"putative":[137],"integrase,":[138],"prerequisite":[140],"lysogeny,":[142,322],"whole":[143],"sequencing":[145],"M.":[148],"revealed":[151],"DNA":[155],"remained":[156],"extrachromosomal":[157],"rather":[158],"than":[159,249],"integrating":[160],"into":[161,386],"genome,":[164],"likely":[165],"due":[166],"mutation":[169],"integrase":[172],"gene.":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"suggest":[176],"enters":[179],"non-lytic":[181,367],"alternative":[183,366],"lysogeny":[185],"under":[186],"conditions.":[190],"Sequencing":[191],"furthe":[192],"identified":[193],"heterogeneous":[195],"population":[197],"including":[198],"previously":[199,250,360],"undescribed":[200],"variants.":[201],"A":[202],"high":[203],"density":[204],"non-synonymous":[206],"mutations":[207],"frameshift-inducing":[209],"insertions":[210],"observed":[212],"within":[213],"ORFs":[214],"predicted":[215],"encode":[217],"capsid":[219],"protein":[220],"major":[223],"spike":[224],"protein,":[225],"suggesting":[226],"these":[227],"variants":[229],"differ":[231],"recognition":[234],"infectivity.":[236],"Overall,":[237],"our":[238],"results":[239],"show":[240],"more":[241],"behavior":[244],"greater":[246],"genetic":[247],"variability":[248],"described.":[251],"Importance":[252],"Methanogens":[253],"directly":[254],"contribute":[255],"global":[257],"greenhouse":[258],"gas":[259],"emissions,":[260],"be":[265,320],"used":[266],"mitigate":[268],"carbon":[269],"dioxide":[270],"emissions":[271],"biofuel":[273],"production.":[274],"Furthermore,":[275],"increasingly":[278],"recognized":[279],"important":[281],"components":[282],"human":[285,304],"microbiota.":[286],"Understanding":[287],"biology":[289],"viruses":[291,311,382],"would":[292],"greatly":[293],"benefit":[294],"climate":[295],"change":[296],"mitigation":[297],"strategies":[298],"well":[300,338],"research":[302],"on":[303,379],"gut":[305],"methanogens.":[306],"However,":[307],"only":[308],"methanogenic":[310],"have":[312],"been":[313],"isolated":[314],"date.":[316],"One":[317],"reason":[318],"might":[319],"which":[323,369],"entails":[324],"integration":[326],"their":[331],"understood,":[339],"thus,":[341],"hinders":[342,370],"discovery":[344,372],"novel":[346],"viruses.":[347],"support":[349],"this":[351],"hypothesis,":[352],"provide":[354,384],"archaeal":[358],"presents":[364],"lifecycle,":[368],"through":[373],"commonly":[374],"employed":[375],"lysis-based":[376],"methods.":[377],"Research":[378],"may":[383],"insights":[385],"common":[387],"features":[388],"potential":[390],"evolutionary":[391],"connections":[392],"with":[393],"well-studied":[395],"bacteriophages.":[399]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}