{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220925827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","title":"Risk-Controlled Applicability Set Retrieval for Regulation-Grounded Construction-Site Visual Screening","display_name":"Risk-Controlled Applicability Set Retrieval for Regulation-Grounded Construction-Site Visual Screening","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220925827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16224502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143897542","display_name":"Fangjie Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangjie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003550654","display_name":"Xingpeng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-9300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-9300"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingpeng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157960922","display_name":"Wenlong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157987969","display_name":"Boran Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boran Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157929843","display_name":"Jie Gong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157987969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"22","first_page":"4502","last_page":"4502"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.302700012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.302700012922287,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.1151999980211258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13315","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces","score":0.07029999792575836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construction-safety","display_name":"construction safety","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vision-screening","display_name":"vision screening","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-risk-control","display_name":"conformal risk control","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set-prediction","display_name":"set prediction","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violation-detection","display_name":"violation detection","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patrol-robot","display_name":"patrol robot","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-harness","display_name":"safety harness","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-protective-equipment","display_name":"personal protective equipment","score":0.6809999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6419000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.608299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5878000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.5584999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5238000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4860999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780704645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9251458","display_name":"Observer (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16224502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202610.0384.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202610.0384.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202610.0384.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/buildings16224502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings16224502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191137","display_name":"Buildings","issn_l":"2075-5309","issn":["2075-5309"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Buildings","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966941463","https://openalex.org/W1967622519","https://openalex.org/W1995205240","https://openalex.org/W1997570750","https://openalex.org/W2005199016","https://openalex.org/W2016505938","https://openalex.org/W2018620008","https://openalex.org/W2020018978","https://openalex.org/W2032670990","https://openalex.org/W2060910162","https://openalex.org/W2066023832","https://openalex.org/W2078980548","https://openalex.org/W2084007633","https://openalex.org/W2089147318","https://openalex.org/W2114584570","https://openalex.org/W2120197519","https://openalex.org/W2123958887","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2152740900","https://openalex.org/W2553914714","https://openalex.org/W2560136348","https://openalex.org/W2761891891","https://openalex.org/W3000144357","https://openalex.org/W3036067204","https://openalex.org/W3106586859","https://openalex.org/W3118640283","https://openalex.org/W3123436326","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W3199958362","https://openalex.org/W4220770786","https://openalex.org/W4283124298","https://openalex.org/W4288987448","https://openalex.org/W4298168154","https://openalex.org/W4298872162","https://openalex.org/W4302764050","https://openalex.org/W4318588135","https://openalex.org/W4380490520","https://openalex.org/W4385570777","https://openalex.org/W4389523832","https://openalex.org/W4399851496","https://openalex.org/W4401042753","https://openalex.org/W4404625362","https://openalex.org/W4408393837","https://openalex.org/W4410192016","https://openalex.org/W4410589610","https://openalex.org/W4410721890","https://openalex.org/W4410942803","https://openalex.org/W4413815131","https://openalex.org/W4414094671","https://openalex.org/W4414240514","https://openalex.org/W4414974471","https://openalex.org/W4417151214","https://openalex.org/W4417229411","https://openalex.org/W7092358646","https://openalex.org/W7117248176","https://openalex.org/W7133122040","https://openalex.org/W7150802891","https://openalex.org/W7153469945","https://openalex.org/W7161384760","https://openalex.org/W7162793009","https://openalex.org/W7164559597","https://openalex.org/W7165052293","https://openalex.org/W7222931439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4366595526","https://openalex.org/W6968954179","https://openalex.org/W3092128516","https://openalex.org/W7212001527","https://openalex.org/W2944506030","https://openalex.org/W3164682611","https://openalex.org/W4220770786","https://openalex.org/W6941593274","https://openalex.org/W7221655734","https://openalex.org/W7172307813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Screening":[0],"construction-site":[1],"photographs":[2,79],"against":[3],"safety":[4],"regulations":[5],"requires":[6],"two":[7,115,172],"decisions:":[8],"which":[9,52],"provisions":[10,27,54,161],"apply":[11],"to":[12,28,55,112,135],"what":[13],"is":[14,19],"visible,":[15,68],"and":[16,64,86,127,159,176],"whether":[17],"each":[18,61],"met.":[20],"Passing":[21],"a":[22,29,70,108,166,179,186],"fixed":[23],"number":[24],"of":[25,96,173],"relevance-ranked":[26],"judging":[30],"model":[31],"misses":[32],"many":[33],"recorded":[34,97],"violations;":[35],"widening":[36],"the":[37,94,138],"list":[38],"causes":[39],"false":[40,129],"alarms":[41,130],"on":[42,165,185],"inapplicable":[43],"provisions.":[44],"We":[45],"propose":[46],"Risk-Controlled":[47],"Applicability":[48],"Set":[49],"Retrieval":[50],"(RCASR),":[51],"selects":[53],"check":[56],"from":[57,80,105,133],"image":[58,104,118,132],"evidence":[59],"that":[60,121],"provision\u2019s":[62],"subject":[63],"hazardous":[65],"state":[66],"are":[67],"at":[69,88,100,141],"stated":[71],"review":[72],"budget":[73],"or":[74],"miss":[75,139],"risk.":[76],"On":[77],"346":[78],"48":[81],"sites,":[82],"with":[83,143],"site-grouped":[84],"cross-fitting":[85],"baselines":[87],"equal":[89],"candidate":[90],"counts,":[91],"RCASR":[92],"raised":[93],"share":[95],"violations":[98],"retrieved":[99],"three":[101],"candidates":[102,116,150],"per":[103,117,131,151],"0.515":[106],"for":[107,156,171,178],"lexical":[109],"baseline":[110],"(BM25)":[111],"0.709.":[113],"At":[114],"it":[119],"kept":[120],"baseline\u2019s":[122],"three-candidate":[123],"recall":[124],"after":[125],"judgment":[126],"cut":[128],"1.28":[134],"1.00.":[136],"Holding":[137],"risk":[140,145],"10%":[142],"conformal":[144],"control":[146],"required":[147],"about":[148],"ten":[149],"image.":[152],"The":[153,182],"gains":[154],"held":[155],"behaviour,":[157],"housekeeping":[158],"edge":[160],"but":[162],"not":[163,197],"openings;":[164],"public":[167],"dataset,":[168],"detection":[169],"rose":[170],"four":[174],"rules":[175],"fell":[177],"machinery-proximity":[180],"rule.":[181],"method":[183],"runs":[184],"quadruped":[187],"patrol":[188],"robot;":[189],"its":[190],"unlabelled":[191],"field":[192,198],"frames":[193],"show":[194],"deployment":[195],"feasibility,":[196],"accuracy.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}
