{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220902902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","title":"Forward modeling of near-field optical processes in pure rotational Raman temperature lidar","display_name":"Forward modeling of near-field optical processes in pure rotational Raman temperature lidar","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220902902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42963718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.612752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122952548","display_name":"Chen Siying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-6559","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-6559"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology","National Key Laboratory on Near-Surface Detection","Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-6559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory on Near-Surface Detection","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157919875","display_name":"Rui Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157963259","display_name":"YuRong Jiang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yurong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327676","display_name":"He Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-6752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-6752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology","National Key Laboratory on Near-Surface Detection","Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5441-6752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory on Near-Surface Detection","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063110896","display_name":"Pan Feng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-2952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-2952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157936564","display_name":"Yinchao Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157915618","display_name":"Yunxi An","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunxi An","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"apc_paid":{"value":2270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2270},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66113161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"21","first_page":"40521","last_page":"40521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14257","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Detection Methods","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference-filter","display_name":"interference filters","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-bias","display_name":"temperature bias","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-field-of-view","display_name":"receiver field of view","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-temperature-profiling","display_name":"atmospheric temperature profiling","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7692999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6342999935150146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169573571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466824","display_name":"Raman scattering","level":3,"score":0.48980000615119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4156999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54308172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367365","display_name":"Atmospheric optics","level":2,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159774933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902086","display_name":"Attenuation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54644633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5473287","display_name":"Forward scatter","level":3,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120456961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Light scattering","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144028864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428588","display_name":"Stray light","level":2,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110277352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467980","display_name":"Geometrical optics","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27896171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890809","display_name":"Optical depth","level":3,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.25949999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.612752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42963718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42963718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics express","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/oe.612752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.612752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178776955","display_name":"Optics Express","issn_l":"1094-4087","issn":["1094-4087"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315679","host_organization_name":"Optica Publishing Group","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315679"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Optica Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Express","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966213973","https://openalex.org/W1971637237","https://openalex.org/W1992159349","https://openalex.org/W2011791937","https://openalex.org/W2023200183","https://openalex.org/W2083253722","https://openalex.org/W2089902676","https://openalex.org/W2105368947","https://openalex.org/W2111930158","https://openalex.org/W2124045166","https://openalex.org/W2158958264","https://openalex.org/W2205124201","https://openalex.org/W2288235944","https://openalex.org/W2488222793","https://openalex.org/W2582673199","https://openalex.org/W2892634706","https://openalex.org/W2946502683","https://openalex.org/W2970192189","https://openalex.org/W2996532139","https://openalex.org/W3130287227","https://openalex.org/W4353093529","https://openalex.org/W4380996828","https://openalex.org/W4402451425","https://openalex.org/W4402451547","https://openalex.org/W4403103051","https://openalex.org/W4404563454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892634706","https://openalex.org/W2103738801","https://openalex.org/W3198236487","https://openalex.org/W2416832714","https://openalex.org/W2887039043","https://openalex.org/W357541302","https://openalex.org/W4403103051","https://openalex.org/W3167827848","https://openalex.org/W2142420976","https://openalex.org/W991841035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"pure":[1],"rotational":[2],"Raman":[3],"lidar":[4],"(PRRL),":[5],"near-field":[6,171],"nonparaxial":[7],"reception":[8],"involves":[9],"large":[10],"off-axis":[11],"return-ray":[12],"angles":[13],"that":[14,57,166],"vary":[15],"with":[16],"height":[17],"and":[18,30,42,66,78,107,120,123,156,175,181],"alter":[19],"the":[20,94,100,104,117,127,137,151,167,179],"spectral":[21,40,74],"responses":[22],"of":[23,97],"Raman-channel":[24,87],"filters,":[25],"causing":[26],"channel":[27,39,73,76,172],"ratio":[28,173],"distortion":[29,174],"systematic":[31],"temperature":[32,79,176],"bias.":[33,80],"Existing":[34],"PRRL":[35,64],"models":[36],"assume":[37],"height-independent":[38],"transmittance":[41],"therefore":[43],"neglect":[44],"this":[45,49],"process.":[46],"To":[47],"quantify":[48],"process,":[50],"we":[51,115],"develop":[52],"a":[53],"forward":[54],"simulation":[55],"model":[56,154,168],"traces":[58],"return":[59],"rays":[60],"through":[61],"an":[62],"interference-filter":[63],"system":[65],"maps":[67],"filter-surface":[68],"incidence":[69],"angle":[70],"distributions":[71],"to":[72,147],"responses,":[75],"ratio,":[77],"Simulation":[81],"results":[82],"show":[83],"height-dependent":[84],"shifts":[85],"in":[86],"center":[88],"wavelengths,":[89],"while":[90,150],"sensitivity":[91],"analysis":[92],"identifies":[93],"receiver":[95,118],"field":[96],"view":[98],"as":[99],"dominant":[101],"parameter":[102],"for":[103,162],"baseline":[105],"configuration":[106,119,135],"prescribed":[108],"scan":[109],"ranges.":[110],"Based":[111],"on":[112],"these":[113],"results,":[114],"improve":[116],"conduct":[121],"numerical":[122],"experimental":[124],"comparisons":[125],"between":[126,153],"two":[128],"configurations":[129,180],"over":[130],"0.3-2.0":[131],"km.":[132],"The":[133],"improved":[134],"reduces":[136],"measured":[138],"mean":[139],"absolute":[140],"error":[141],"(MAE)":[142],"by":[143],"37.5%,":[144],"from":[145],"3.77":[146],"2.35":[148],"K,":[149],"MAE":[152],"predictions":[155],"measurements":[157],"is":[158],"below":[159],"0.9":[160],"K":[161],"each":[163],"configuration,":[164],"demonstrating":[165],"quantitatively":[169],"describes":[170],"bias":[177],"under":[178],"conditions":[182],"examined":[183],"here.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}