{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220901370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","title":"Emerging cell therapies for gastrointestinal cancers: Advances and future perspectives","display_name":"Emerging cell therapies for gastrointestinal cancers: Advances and future perspectives","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220901370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42992139","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13738179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407037028","display_name":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","issn_l":"2950-3299","issn":["2950-3299"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017489626","display_name":"Nobuhiko Kanaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-4426","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-4426"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nobuhiko Kanaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-4426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157963533","display_name":"Shinji Kuroda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinji Kuroda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034895796","display_name":"Kok\u2010Siong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-5290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5796-5290"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kok-Siong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046061642","display_name":"Yoshihiko Kakiuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-2307","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4886-2307"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihiko Kakiuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068717107","display_name":"Toshiyoshi Fujiwara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-6051","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-6051"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyoshi Fujiwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017489626"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I163770644"],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53413477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"201359","last_page":"201359"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11491","display_name":"CAR-T cell therapy research","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11491","display_name":"CAR-T cell therapy research","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12996","display_name":"Bacterial Cancer Therapy","score":0.01119999960064888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-cancer","display_name":"gastrointestinal cancer","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pancreatic-cancer","display_name":"pancreatic cancer","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-therapy","display_name":"cell therapy","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-t-cell-therapy","display_name":"CAR T-cell therapy","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-nk-cells","display_name":"CAR-NK cells","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesenchymal-stem-cells","display_name":"mesenchymal stem cells","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-editing","display_name":"genome editing","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crispr-cas9","display_name":"CRISPR/Cas9","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsatellite-stability","display_name":"microsatellite stable","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-inhibitors","display_name":"immune checkpoint inhibitors","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-delivery","display_name":"cytokine delivery","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prodrug-activation","display_name":"prodrug activation","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-infiltration","display_name":"T cell infiltration","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-omics","display_name":"multi-omics","score":0.8700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.39590001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.23250000178813934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407037028","display_name":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","issn_l":"2950-3299","issn":["2950-3299"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13738179","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13738179/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13738179/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Ther Oncol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42992139","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42992139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular therapy. Oncology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:240582d1de794e1fbb8363c7df66f01c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/240582d1de794e1fbb8363c7df66f01c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Therapy: Oncology, Vol 34, Iss 4, Pp 201359- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omton.2026.201359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407037028","display_name":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","issn_l":"2950-3299","issn":["2950-3299"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular Therapy Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309807","display_name":"Takeda Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02y123g31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220901370.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220901370.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1927732700","https://openalex.org/W1984515197","https://openalex.org/W1987516241","https://openalex.org/W2038478534","https://openalex.org/W2042699075","https://openalex.org/W2049397238","https://openalex.org/W2080264344","https://openalex.org/W2092946257","https://openalex.org/W2093070846","https://openalex.org/W2094945699","https://openalex.org/W2158270422","https://openalex.org/W2261057385","https://openalex.org/W2475107749","https://openalex.org/W2481298264","https://openalex.org/W2591795399","https://openalex.org/W2735777622","https://openalex.org/W2787301955","https://openalex.org/W2809125618","https://openalex.org/W2883082642","https://openalex.org/W2896565106","https://openalex.org/W2905133460","https://openalex.org/W2908695321","https://openalex.org/W2912798336","https://openalex.org/W2920686366","https://openalex.org/W2922285867","https://openalex.org/W2922879840","https://openalex.org/W2942656692","https://openalex.org/W2947548345","https://openalex.org/W2954793122","https://openalex.org/W2963298310","https://openalex.org/W2967298159","https://openalex.org/W2984161235","https://openalex.org/W2986883769","https://openalex.org/W3004461655","https://openalex.org/W3014713533","https://openalex.org/W3014986174","https://openalex.org/W3023998523","https://openalex.org/W3036433840","https://openalex.org/W3080292686","https://openalex.org/W3086070642","https://openalex.org/W3090386083","https://openalex.org/W3090583458","https://openalex.org/W3107190126","https://openalex.org/W3108226967","https://openalex.org/W3110528877","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3147094283","https://openalex.org/W3162374648","https://openalex.org/W3190521604","https://openalex.org/W3192817154","https://openalex.org/W3198812529","https://openalex.org/W3205525621","https://openalex.org/W3206708038","https://openalex.org/W3211554128","https://openalex.org/W3217659733","https://openalex.org/W4210531179","https://openalex.org/W4210892710","https://openalex.org/W4211133582","https://openalex.org/W4220735045","https://openalex.org/W4229445969","https://openalex.org/W4280618938","https://openalex.org/W4281961745","https://openalex.org/W4285491989","https://openalex.org/W4295817629","https://openalex.org/W4310276735","https://openalex.org/W4313544371","https://openalex.org/W4321996840","https://openalex.org/W4322617577","https://openalex.org/W4365813058","https://openalex.org/W4366490430","https://openalex.org/W4378802587","https://openalex.org/W4385217561","https://openalex.org/W4385429828","https://openalex.org/W4385458751","https://openalex.org/W4386099719","https://openalex.org/W4387849849","https://openalex.org/W4389429942","https://openalex.org/W4389819254","https://openalex.org/W4390587883","https://openalex.org/W4390732271","https://openalex.org/W4390906610","https://openalex.org/W4390946922","https://openalex.org/W4391023000","https://openalex.org/W4396920158","https://openalex.org/W4400218467","https://openalex.org/W4401793533","https://openalex.org/W4403470637","https://openalex.org/W4403532070","https://openalex.org/W4403763228","https://openalex.org/W4404126493","https://openalex.org/W4404203822","https://openalex.org/W4404603365","https://openalex.org/W4405982996","https://openalex.org/W4406316580","https://openalex.org/W4406641445","https://openalex.org/W4406706810","https://openalex.org/W4406875247","https://openalex.org/W4407745651","https://openalex.org/W4408518210","https://openalex.org/W4408788099","https://openalex.org/W4409408548","https://openalex.org/W4409498864","https://openalex.org/W4409898846","https://openalex.org/W4410026920","https://openalex.org/W4410375223","https://openalex.org/W4411456581","https://openalex.org/W4411987245","https://openalex.org/W4413974021","https://openalex.org/W4416347662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2298997655","https://openalex.org/W4392750886","https://openalex.org/W2333917348","https://openalex.org/W4412080736","https://openalex.org/W2441530167","https://openalex.org/W2237768110","https://openalex.org/W2801792654","https://openalex.org/W4210851752","https://openalex.org/W2989883766","https://openalex.org/W4312384180"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gastrointestinal":[0],"(GI)":[1],"cancers,":[2,7,50],"including":[3,74],"colorectal":[4],"and":[5,29,69,93,106,118,152,169],"pancreatic":[6],"remain":[8],"among":[9],"the":[10,78,111,121,150],"most":[11],"lethal":[12],"cancers":[13],"worldwide.":[14],"These":[15],"tumors":[16,55],"often":[17],"exhibit":[18],"resistance":[19],"to":[20,26,53,67,101,176],"immune":[21],"checkpoint":[22],"inhibitors,":[23],"largely":[24],"due":[25],"microsatellite":[27],"stability":[28],"a":[30],"profoundly":[31],"immunosuppressive":[32],"tumor":[33],"microenvironment":[34],"(TME).":[35],"While":[36],"chimeric":[37],"antigen":[38,63],"receptor":[39],"(CAR)":[40],"T":[41,87,158],"cell":[42,116],"therapy":[43],"has":[44,56],"demonstrated":[45],"curative":[46],"potential":[47,125],"in":[48,184],"hematological":[49],"its":[51],"translation":[52],"solid":[54],"been":[57],"limited":[58],"by":[59],"challenges":[60,168],"such":[61],"as":[62,129,135],"heterogeneity,":[64],"physical":[65],"barriers":[66],"infiltration,":[68],"TME-mediated":[70],"immunosuppression.":[71],"Gene-editing":[72],"technologies,":[73],"CRISPR-Cas9,":[75],"have":[76],"catalyzed":[77],"development":[79],"of":[80,114,126,156],"next-generation":[81],"cellular":[82,182],"immunotherapies.":[83],"By":[84,133],"precisely":[85],"modifying":[86],"cells,":[88,92],"natural":[89],"killer":[90],"(NK)":[91],"mesenchymal":[94],"stem/stromal":[95],"cells":[96],"(MSCs),":[97],"it":[98],"is":[99],"possible":[100],"enhance":[102],"their":[103],"functionality,":[104],"persistence,":[105],"safety.":[107],"This":[108],"review":[109],"highlights":[110],"clinical":[112],"progress":[113],"gene-edited":[115],"therapies":[117],"specifically":[119],"explores":[120],"synergistic":[122],"\"one-two":[123],"punch\"":[124],"engineered":[127],"MSCs":[128,144],"TME":[130],"remodeling":[131],"platforms.":[132],"acting":[134],"localized":[136],"delivery":[137],"vehicles":[138],"for":[139,181],"cytokines":[140],"or":[141,159],"prodrug-activating":[142],"enzymes,":[143],"can":[145],"modulate":[146],"TME,":[147],"thereby":[148],"facilitating":[149],"infiltration":[151],"sustained":[153],"cytotoxic":[154],"activity":[155],"CAR":[157,160],"NK":[161],"cells.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"we":[164],"address":[165],"critical":[166],"translational":[167],"propose":[170],"future":[171],"directions":[172],"that":[173],"integrate":[174],"multi-omics":[175],"identify":[177],"novel":[178],"therapeutic":[179],"agents":[180],"immunotherapy":[183],"GI":[185],"oncology.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-09T00:00:00"}