{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220870282","doi":null,"title":"Exploring Multicultural Competence Among Mental Health Workers When Providing Treatment to African American Males","display_name":"Exploring Multicultural Competence Among Mental Health Workers When Providing Treatment to African American Males","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220870282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-23266","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/20802","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/context/dissertations/article/23266/viewcontent/1292299.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/context/dissertations/article/23266/viewcontent/1292299.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028593503","display_name":"Ashley Hightower","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-4235","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-4235"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","display_name":"Walden University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp2hh41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hightower, Ashley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Walden University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Walden University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028593503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11295","display_name":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11295","display_name":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","score":0.8227999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.1454000025987625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicultural-competence","display_name":"multicultural competence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-men","display_name":"African American men","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-professionals","display_name":"mental health professionals","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-disparities","display_name":"mental health disparities","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-awareness","display_name":"cultural awareness","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigma","display_name":"stigma","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-relationship","display_name":"therapeutic relationship","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-and-rapport","display_name":"trust and rapport","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-treatment","display_name":"barriers to treatment","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culturally-responsive-care","display_name":"culturally responsive care","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity-theory","display_name":"social identity theory","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-service-utilization","display_name":"mental health service utilization","score":0.7919999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.7922000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169536714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666159","display_name":"Cultural competence","level":2,"score":0.6319000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5206000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.49459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542530943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190656","display_name":"Multiculturalism","level":2,"score":0.47690001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16920402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205398","display_name":"Social work","level":2,"score":0.4650999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100363876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690661","display_name":"Nonprobability sampling","level":3,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113470044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6056506","display_name":"Interpretative phenomenological analysis","level":3,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105538184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16253960","display_name":"Middle Eastern Mental Health Issues & Syndromes","level":4,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84269361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179235","display_name":"Phenomenology (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.34060001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019351904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6817476","display_name":"Mental health service","level":3,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125209646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338878","display_name":"Cultural diversity","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168285401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427245","display_name":"Stigma (botany)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776751993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666159","display_name":"Intercultural competence","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71760877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368367","display_name":"Cultural identity","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781437451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137326","display_name":"Social stigma","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-23266","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/20802","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/context/dissertations/article/23266/viewcontent/1292299.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.waldenu.edu:dissertations-23266","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/20802","pdf_url":"https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/context/dissertations/article/23266/viewcontent/1292299.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196507","display_name":"ScholarWorks (Walden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80046288","host_organization_name":"Walden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80046288"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220870282.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220870282.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989341747","https://openalex.org/W1996735495","https://openalex.org/W2000387554","https://openalex.org/W2070816686","https://openalex.org/W2091230607","https://openalex.org/W2129660502","https://openalex.org/W2419628277","https://openalex.org/W2460117687","https://openalex.org/W2472080323","https://openalex.org/W2763766763","https://openalex.org/W2782078116","https://openalex.org/W2800507297","https://openalex.org/W2846140123","https://openalex.org/W2885196820","https://openalex.org/W2912918842","https://openalex.org/W2945325802","https://openalex.org/W2945466471","https://openalex.org/W3002211593","https://openalex.org/W3008631148","https://openalex.org/W3016440103","https://openalex.org/W3043372385","https://openalex.org/W3072599593","https://openalex.org/W3159669021","https://openalex.org/W3162524796","https://openalex.org/W4224300552","https://openalex.org/W4247614241","https://openalex.org/W4287877262","https://openalex.org/W4309941516","https://openalex.org/W4320305861","https://openalex.org/W4323348449","https://openalex.org/W4362520829","https://openalex.org/W4365450684","https://openalex.org/W4366087010","https://openalex.org/W4378574446","https://openalex.org/W4381996614","https://openalex.org/W4384828910","https://openalex.org/W4384921200","https://openalex.org/W4385962518","https://openalex.org/W4386531108","https://openalex.org/W4386981585","https://openalex.org/W4387687434","https://openalex.org/W4390571327","https://openalex.org/W4392355841","https://openalex.org/W4392917952","https://openalex.org/W4393259500","https://openalex.org/W4402576450","https://openalex.org/W4413375300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7045575378","https://openalex.org/W7112385027","https://openalex.org/W4403868251","https://openalex.org/W7112905299","https://openalex.org/W7133576504","https://openalex.org/W7043912137","https://openalex.org/W3039223223","https://openalex.org/W3045344239","https://openalex.org/W2168442118","https://openalex.org/W7054649969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"African":[0,42,81,169],"American":[1,43,82,170],"men":[2,171],"experience":[3],"disproportionately":[4],"low":[5],"rates":[6],"of":[7,17,49,58,70,142],"mental":[8,18,22,30,71,92,159,165,199],"health":[9,23,31,72,93,160,166,200],"service":[10],"utilization":[11],"and":[12,34,52,113,119,128,132,136,144,190],"often":[13],"report":[14],"negative":[15],"perceptions":[16],"illness.":[19],"Despite":[20],"documented":[21],"disparities,":[24],"limited":[25],"research":[26],"has":[27],"explored":[28],"how":[29],"workers":[32,73,94,161],"understand":[33],"apply":[35],"multicultural":[36,75,123,156],"competence":[37,76,157],"when":[38],"providing":[39],"treatment":[40,126],"to":[41,65,130,197],"men.":[44,83],"Grounded":[45],"in":[46,77,148],"the":[47,56,67,140],"theory":[48],"planned":[50],"behavior":[51],"social":[53,134,182],"identity":[54],"theory,":[55],"purpose":[57],"this":[59],"qualitative":[60],"descriptive":[61,105],"phenomenological":[62,106],"study":[63],"was":[64],"explore":[66],"lived":[68],"experiences":[69],"regarding":[74],"their":[78],"work":[79],"with":[80,90],"Data":[84],"were":[85,101],"collected":[86],"through":[87,96],"semi-structured":[88],"interviews":[89],"seven":[91],"recruited":[95],"purposive":[97],"sampling.":[98],"Interview":[99],"transcripts":[100],"analyzed":[102],"using":[103],"Giorgi's":[104],"method.":[107],"Five":[108],"themes":[109],"emerged:":[110],"(a)":[111],"stigma":[112],"cultural":[114],"awareness,":[115],"(b)":[116],"gaining":[117],"trust":[118],"building":[120],"rapport,":[121],"(c)":[122],"competence,":[124],"(d)":[125],"barriers":[127],"resistance":[129],"engagement,":[131],"(e)":[133],"change":[135,183],"improvement.":[137],"Participants":[138],"emphasized":[139],"importance":[141],"intentionality":[143],"culturally":[145,186],"responsive":[146,187],"approaches":[147],"fostering":[149],"meaningful":[150],"therapeutic":[151,174],"relationships.":[152,175],"Findings":[153],"suggested":[154],"that":[155,193],"among":[158,168],"may":[162],"help":[163],"reduce":[164],"disparities":[167],"while":[172],"strengthening":[173],"These":[176],"findings":[177],"have":[178],"implications":[179],"for":[180],"positive":[181],"by":[184],"informing":[185],"training,":[188],"policies,":[189],"clinical":[191],"practices":[192],"promote":[194],"equitable":[195],"access":[196],"high-quality":[198],"care.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}