{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220868869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","title":"Silent burden of gynecological morbidities among rural women in Southern India: Evidence from a cancer screening center","display_name":"Silent burden of gynecological morbidities among rural women in Southern India: Evidence from a cancer screening center","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220868869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964860","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13722243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764801637","display_name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","issn_l":"2249-4863","issn":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056157525","display_name":"Zari Anjum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8487-1605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8487-1605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zari Anjum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134078482","display_name":"Vibha Swaroop","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vibha Swaroop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736447","display_name":"Neha Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-0131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1870-0131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51317819","display_name":"Institute of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04y75dx46","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091345077","display_name":"Suma Nair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-075X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-075X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153931","display_name":"DY Patil Deemed to be University","ror":"https://ror.org/045qb5273","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153931"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suma Nair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor and Dean Preventive Medicine and Public health, School of Public health, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor and Dean Preventive Medicine and Public health, School of Public health, DY Patil Deemed to be University, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056157525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51317819","https://openalex.org/I91357014"],"apc_list":{"value":450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":450},"apc_paid":{"value":450,"currency":"USD","value_usd":450},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76743868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"7","first_page":"2534","last_page":"2540"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13544","display_name":"Women's cancer prevention and management","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13544","display_name":"Women's cancer prevention and management","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10146","display_name":"Cervical Cancer and HPV Research","score":0.27559998631477356,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.2451000064611435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gynecological-morbidity","display_name":"gynecological morbidity","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-women","display_name":"rural women","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-infection","display_name":"cervical infection","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uterine-prolapse","display_name":"uterine prolapse","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-discharge","display_name":"vaginal discharge","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-seeking-behavior","display_name":"health-seeking behavior","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-underreporting","display_name":"symptom underreporting","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity","display_name":"parity","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illiteracy","display_name":"illiteracy","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-screening","display_name":"cancer screening","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-india","display_name":"South India","score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karnataka","display_name":"Karnataka","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6223000288009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.49959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.46389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160105","display_name":"Cervical cancer","level":3,"score":0.4284999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4221000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993522905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5065348","display_name":"Cervical cancer screening","level":4,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.3962000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780647465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5065348","display_name":"Cervical screening","level":4,"score":0.3370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152545","display_name":"Functional illiteracy","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908825957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecological Examination","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777740455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q666412","display_name":"Cervix","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764801637","display_name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","issn_l":"2249-4863","issn":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13722243","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722243/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13722243/pdf/JFMPC-15-2534.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Family Med Prim Care","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42964860","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42964860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of family medicine and primary care","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_630_26","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764801637","display_name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","issn_l":"2249-4863","issn":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220868869.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220868869.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984079468","https://openalex.org/W1999552994","https://openalex.org/W2007050110","https://openalex.org/W2010431888","https://openalex.org/W2013540363","https://openalex.org/W2068272376","https://openalex.org/W2132441151","https://openalex.org/W2164709942","https://openalex.org/W3088987771","https://openalex.org/W3165566515","https://openalex.org/W4387051323","https://openalex.org/W4402950333","https://openalex.org/W4404911040","https://openalex.org/W4410916544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214834092","https://openalex.org/W7154967800","https://openalex.org/W1972428639","https://openalex.org/W2743708958","https://openalex.org/W3137823289","https://openalex.org/W4410916544","https://openalex.org/W2983199372","https://openalex.org/W2283212164","https://openalex.org/W7112253804","https://openalex.org/W2010559171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,77,231],"BSTRACT":[1],"Background:":[2],"Gynecological":[3],"morbidities":[4,61],"contribute":[5],"significantly":[6,225],"to":[7,48,126,240,261],"the":[8,50,55,160],"global":[9],"burden":[10,153],"of":[11,59,136,154,172,180,184,200,212,234],"disease,":[12],"yet":[13],"remain":[14],"underreported":[15],"and":[16,57,75,111,146,221,244,251],"undertreated,":[17],"particularly":[18],"among":[19,62,82],"rural":[20,71,93],"women":[21,63,85,137,186],"in":[22,70,92,170,178],"India.":[23,73],"There":[24],"is":[25,259],"Limited":[26],"evidence":[27],"existing":[28],"on":[29,36],"gynecological":[30,60,142,235],"morbidity":[31,236],"as":[32],"most":[33,161],"studies":[34],"rely":[35],"self-reported":[37],"symptoms.":[38],"Hence":[39],"a":[40,65,87,99,150],"cross-sectional":[41,78],"study":[42,49,79],"design":[43],"has":[44],"been":[45],"used":[46,125],"here":[47],"same.":[51],"Objectives:":[52],"To":[53],"assess":[54],"prevalence":[56],"determinants":[58],"attending":[64,86],"community-based":[66],"cancer":[67,89],"screening":[68,90,250],"center":[69,91],"Southern":[72],"Materials":[74],"Methods:":[76],"was":[80,124,159,176,195],"conducted":[81],"599":[83],"ever-married":[84],"community":[88],"Karnataka.":[94],"Data":[95,116],"were":[96,114,117,168,224],"collected":[97],"using":[98,119],"pre-tested":[100],"semi-structured":[101],"questionnaire.":[102],"Clinical":[103],"examination,":[104],"Visual":[105],"Inspection":[106],"with":[107,130,197,227],"Acetic":[108],"Acid":[109],"(VIA),":[110],"Pap":[112],"smear":[113],"performed.":[115],"analyzed":[118],"SPSS.":[120],"Multivariable":[121],"logistic":[122],"regression":[123],"identify":[127],"factors":[128],"associated":[129,196,226],"reproductive":[131],"morbidities.":[132],"Results:":[133],"Only":[134],"20.3%":[135],"reported":[138],"at":[139],"least":[140],"one":[141],"symptom,":[143],"whereas":[144],"clinical":[145],"cytological":[147],"assessment":[148],"revealed":[149],"substantially":[151],"higher":[152,210,222],"morbidity.":[155],"White":[156],"vaginal":[157],"discharge":[158],"common":[162],"symptom":[163,242],"(13.4%),":[164],"while":[165],"cervical":[166,201],"infections":[167],"detected":[169],"53.9%":[171],"participants.":[173],"Uterine":[174],"prolapse":[175,213],"observed":[177],"8.3%":[179],"women.":[181],"Eighty":[182],"percent":[183],"symptomatic":[185],"had":[187],"not":[188],"sought":[189],"prior":[190],"medical":[191],"care.":[192],"Increasing":[193],"age":[194],"lower":[198],"odds":[199,211],"infection":[202],"(OR":[203,214],"=":[204,207,215,218],"0.56,":[205],"P":[206,217],"0.007)":[208],"but":[209],"2.14,":[216],"0.012).":[219],"Illiteracy":[220],"parity":[223],"uterine":[228],"prolapse.":[229],"Conclusion:":[230],"substantial":[232],"proportion":[233],"remains":[237],"unrecognized":[238],"due":[239],"low":[241],"reporting":[243],"poor":[245],"health-seeking":[246],"behavior.":[247],"Integrating":[248],"routine":[249],"targeted":[252],"awareness":[253],"interventions":[254],"into":[255],"primary":[256],"healthcare":[257],"services":[258],"essential":[260],"address":[262],"this":[263],"hidden":[264],"burden.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}