{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220858171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","title":"The paradox of protection: rethinking challenge, wellbeing, and development in high-performance sport","display_name":"The paradox of protection: rethinking challenge, wellbeing, and development in high-performance sport","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220858171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42910246","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13685698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157886847","display_name":"Andrea Buchanan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Buchanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110040120","display_name":"Dave Collins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-0454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-0454"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dave Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grey Matters Performance Ltd., Stratford upon Avon","Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grey Matters Performance Ltd., Stratford upon Avon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072735450","display_name":"Urvi Khasnis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-5921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8791-5921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urvi Khasnis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grey Matters Performance Ltd., Stratford upon Avon","Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grey Matters Performance Ltd., Stratford upon Avon","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157886847"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78046693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1965164","last_page":"1965164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/challenges","display_name":"challenges","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athlete-development","display_name":"athlete development","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athlete-well-being","display_name":"athlete well-being","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-distress","display_name":"psychological distress","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguarding","display_name":"safeguarding","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-support","display_name":"psychological support","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"stress","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-sport","display_name":"elite sport","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-culture","display_name":"organizational culture","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athlete-relationships","display_name":"athlete relationships","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery","display_name":"recovery","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sport-psychology-practice","display_name":"sport psychology practice","score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-pressure","display_name":"competitive pressure","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injuries","display_name":"injuries","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deselection","display_name":"deselection","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/difficult-emotions","display_name":"difficult emotions","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athlete-mental-health","display_name":"athlete mental health","score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athlete-support","display_name":"athlete support","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133753094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632190","display_name":"Sport psychology","level":2,"score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777200299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52943","display_name":"Conversation","level":2,"score":0.5152000188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166151441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4923601","display_name":"Causation","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993494880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816033","display_name":"Elite athletes","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13685698","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13685698/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13685698/pdf/fspor-08-1965164.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Sports Act Living","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42910246","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42910246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in sports and active living","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:165f4a4e286f4ce09a735e397bcae2cb","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/165f4a4e286f4ce09a735e397bcae2cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2026.1965164/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220858171.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220858171.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984186949","https://openalex.org/W2087739641","https://openalex.org/W2115386292","https://openalex.org/W2159808148","https://openalex.org/W2213707682","https://openalex.org/W2271510327","https://openalex.org/W2299567554","https://openalex.org/W2945081425","https://openalex.org/W2991538927","https://openalex.org/W2994855500","https://openalex.org/W4220836483","https://openalex.org/W4297238287","https://openalex.org/W4310030086","https://openalex.org/W4401946345","https://openalex.org/W4404696246","https://openalex.org/W4409114878","https://openalex.org/W4415671167","https://openalex.org/W7166580239"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523957134","https://openalex.org/W2608789452","https://openalex.org/W4319073324","https://openalex.org/W7221461235","https://openalex.org/W6988330415","https://openalex.org/W2890883721","https://openalex.org/W3193987378","https://openalex.org/W4297238287","https://openalex.org/W3169738656","https://openalex.org/W2990824752"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"recent":[1],"decades,":[2],"sport":[3,81,236,258,1876,1926],"psychology":[4,82,237,1505,1883,1927],"has":[5,48,83,1067,1695,1701,1812],"undergone":[6],"an":[7,307,324,470,705,970,1133,1455],"important":[8,77,1081,1697],"and":[9,18,36,62,106,118,147,194,201,225,286,294,329,343,369,388,399,404,413,521,527,554,575,592,638,657,752,771,785,796,806,808,853,869,898,935,1093,1114,1136,1169,1192,1235,1276,1329,1392,1428,1482,1539,1547,1561,1566,1600,1623,1653,1680,1693,1709,1721,1732,1756,1765,1785,1795,1806,1835,1850,1903],"largely":[10],"welcome":[11],"shift":[12],"towards":[13,124],"athlete":[14,54,325,520,550,622,936,1156,1559],"wellbeing,":[15],"mental":[16],"health,":[17,707,1011],"safeguarding.":[19],"International":[20],"consensus":[21],"frameworks":[22],"have":[23,924,1225],"rightly":[24],"emphasised":[25],"the":[26,63,89,95,109,189,226,249,320,354,406,449,479,485,489,497,502,515,519,549,552,555,595,620,634,636,639,688,741,794,799,801,809,847,854,888,919,996,1027,1035,1085,1131,1140,1261,1264,1279,1286,1294,1303,1384,1412,1499,1704,1750,1758,1787,1808,1828,1860,1865,1872,1896,1898,1900,1904,1944],"need":[27,929,1661,1803],"to":[28,34,135,179,261,292,306,363,435,451,507,558,577,652,687,749,895,901,956,976,1054,1143,1206,1214,1290,1301,1305,1325,1331,1390,1434,1457,1474,1518,1625,1630,1638,1804,1819,1848,1879,1895],"recognise":[29],"psychological":[30,153,231,421,690,928,1420,1502,1815],"distress,":[31,146],"improve":[32],"access":[33,576],"support,":[35,193,807],"protect":[37],"athletes":[38,160,240,260,278,651,723,829,874,943,1048,1200,1324,1408,1427,1529,1616,1640,1754,1847,1870,1931],"from":[39,184,242,248,1021,1293,1314,1386,1550,1871,1889,1911,1921,1933],"unnecessary":[40,357],"harm":[41,102,148,243,698,730,787,1022,1888,1912,1934],"(Reardon":[42,759,1101],"et":[43,68,300,349,416,530,760,778,866,932,939,961,1102,1251,1491,1553,1571,1606],"al.,":[44,69,301,350,417,531,761,779,867,933,940,962,1103,1252,1492,1554,1572,1607],"2026).":[45,602,762,1588],"This":[46,128],"conversation":[47],"become":[49,84,817,1919],"increasingly":[50],"sophisticated,":[51],"recognising":[52,187,1647,1776],"that":[53,80,188,235,289,335,385,523,665,678,692,773,978,1051,1065,1095,1463,1771,1777,1786,1854,1906],"wellbeing":[55,1692,1764],"is":[56,103,177,222,338,352,467,525,625,788,974,981,986,1032,1039,1083,1112,1256,1267,1356,1360,1422,1441,1506,1580,1628,1650,1675,1682,1800],"shaped":[57,568,1269],"by":[58,401,569,619,1270,1535,1684,1893],"relationships,":[59,591,1275],"organisational":[60],"cultures,":[61],"broader":[64],"performance":[65,332,597,640,855,880,1236,1280,1519,1901],"environment":[66,598,1281],"(Purcell":[67],"2019;K\u00fcttel":[70],"&":[71,460,581,600,1283,1318,1586],"Larsen,":[72],"2020).":[73],"These":[74,1177],"developments":[75],"represent":[76],"progress.We":[78],"suggest":[79],"more":[85,739,1080,1212,1229,1242,1768,1824],"sophisticated":[86],"in":[87,256,377,487,513,663,1337,1371,1377,1666,1752,1929],"identifying":[88],"risks":[90,97,129,1868],"of":[91,98,111,143,203,214,228,312,420,473,478,518,565,660,673,743,798,890,907,990,1034,1076,1088,1106,1139,1260,1452,1501,1593,1687,1707,1738,1742,1797,1827,1862,1925],"excessive":[92,822],"challenge":[93,183,195,209,221,566,669,784,815,957,1004,1025,1038,1217,1223,1515,1569,1610,1645,1892],"than":[94,139,429,740,858,1006,1769,1940],"developmental":[96,182,480,510,783,967,1672,1705,1891],"insufficient":[99],"challenge.":[100],"Because":[101],"often":[104,1044],"immediate":[105,734,1345],"visible,":[107],"while":[108,729,1171,1347,1406,1646,1935],"costs":[110,758],"under-challenge":[112],"may":[113,120,155,423,499,585,606,693,716,724,731,816,914,952,993,1074,1149,1157,1173,1179,1342,1424,1447,1460,1487,1495,1520,1845],"emerge":[114,1907],"only":[115],"later,":[116],"policy":[117],"practice":[119,904,980],"default":[121,1866],"too":[122],"readily":[123],"reducing":[125,1388,1510],"difficult":[126,166,442,1541,1708],"demands.":[127,174,271],"treating":[130,859],"discomfort":[131,466,498,985,1346,1681,1731,1863],"as":[132,210,217,356,629,670,862,916,918,947,1126,1167,1182,1204,1432,1450,1509,1516,1864],"a":[133,140,211,218,537,630,671,700,891,965,979,1003,1127,1159,1216,1257,1802],"problem":[134],"be":[136,156,425,608,893,899,1075,1289,1448,1656,1880],"alleviated":[137],"rather":[138,428,857,1005,1939],"potential":[141],"feature":[142],"ambitious":[144,253,1762,1948],"development.Discomfort,":[145],"are":[149,386,395,492,567,682,720,821,912,1018,1211,1299,1418,1591,1727,1734,1744],"not":[150,353,366,468,644,676,721,789,987,1059,1357,1629,1662,1676,1728,1735,1780,1918],"equivalent.":[151],"Some":[152,1740],"unpleasantness":[154,422,1743],"developmentally":[157,397,426,1745],"desirable":[158,1746],"because":[159,482,1047,1747],"cannot":[161,372,433,534,875,1288],"develop":[162,448,732,1189,1302],"capacities":[163,266,491,506,1188,1417,1759],"for":[164,230,341,346,504,610,614,1029,1071,1296,1351,1368,1621,1761],"uncertainty,":[165,280,1717],"emotion,":[167],"failure,":[168,281,1718],"or":[169,310,315,359,447,541,616,711,823,833,835,882,1000,1015,1064,1099,1164,1187,1263,1362,1404,1454,1472,1583,1596,1633,1669,1823],"pressure":[170,454,458,1308],"without":[171,244,438,444,455,727,733,756,825,905],"encountering":[172,445,1334],"those":[173,505,1512],"The":[175,603,714,1079,1923],"task":[176],"therefore":[178,424,607,737,1060,1150,1343,1885],"distinguish":[180,1886],"legitimate":[181,814,1568,1644,1890],"avoidable":[185,360,786,1887],"harm,":[186,728,1594],"balance":[190,1789],"between":[191,322,633,782,849,1084,1130],"protection,":[192],"will":[196,1466,1779,1790],"vary":[197,1791],"across":[198,1792],"athletes,":[199,1793],"circumstances,":[200,465,696],"stages":[202,1796],"development.":[204,713,1379,1798],"Accordingly,":[205],"this":[206,1197,1369,1372,1375,1382],"paper":[207],"examines":[208],"central":[212],"mechanism":[213,672],"development,":[215,1030],"stress":[216,1031,1046,1087,1094,1107,1125,1292,1332,1340,1359,1389,1400,1579,1632],"principal":[219],"way":[220],"psychologically":[223,1040],"experienced,":[224],"implications":[227],"both":[229,1772],"support.":[232,1503],"We":[233],"argue":[234],"should":[238,886,1397,1526,1575,1614,1655,1837,1917],"keep":[239],"safe":[241,247,1932],"making":[245,1548],"them":[246,291,1313,1878,1937,1942],"challenges":[250,1537,1945],"through":[251,275,588,1190,1414,1852,1946],"which":[252,488,1415,1753,1811,1947],"development":[254,304,347,381,540,674,1017,1654,1715,1766,1844,1949],"occurs.Progress":[255],"high-performance":[257,380,1297,1875],"requires":[259,517,1767,1775,1877],"adapt":[262,655],"when":[263,819,828,836,1010,1244,1399,1648],"their":[264,570,667,948,954,1137,1202,1378,1468,1857],"existing":[265,571],"no":[267],"longer":[268],"meet":[269,559,1144,1207],"emerging":[270],"Development":[272,642],"rarely":[273],"occurs":[274],"uninterrupted":[276],"success;":[277],"encounter":[279,1849],"deselection,":[282],"injury,":[283,1163],"competitive":[284,1470],"pressure,":[285,1238,1719],"emotional":[287,1722],"disruption":[288,407,1551],"require":[290,944,994,1846],"reconsider":[293],"refine":[295],"how":[296,522,548,1110,1115],"they":[297,408,719,885,1210,1660,1748,1778],"perform":[298,452,1306],"(Collins":[299],"2016).":[302,941,1831],"Here,":[303],"refers":[305,685],"enduring":[308],"expansion":[309],"reorganisation":[311],"psychological,":[313],"behavioural,":[314],"technical":[316],"capacities.":[317],"Challenge":[318],"creates":[319,1026],"discrepancy":[321],"what":[323,330,514,1365],"can":[326,410,1557],"currently":[327],"manage":[328],"future":[331,1352,1924],"requires.":[333],"Without":[334],"discrepancy,":[336],"there":[337,1590],"little":[339],"impetus":[340],"adaptation":[342,414,1622],"limited":[344],"opportunity":[345,503],"(Taylor":[348,1552],"2022).Challenge":[351],"same":[355,604,621],"adversity":[358],"harm.":[361,991,1739],"Exposure":[362],"difficulty":[364],"does":[365,675,1058],"guarantee":[367],"growth,":[368],"subsequent":[370],"success":[371],"justify":[373],"inappropriate":[374,903],"practice,":[375],"even":[376],"hindsight.":[378],"However,":[379,1009,1699],"necessarily":[382,1061,1736],"involves":[383,699,764,1716],"demands":[384,394,820,911,920,1043,1092,1132,1183,1246,1336,1853],"uncomfortable":[387],"sometimes":[389],"genuinely":[390],"distressing.":[391],"When":[392,1199],"such":[393],"proportionate,":[396,1612],"relevant,":[398],"accompanied":[400],"appropriate":[402,578,1601,1788],"support":[403,579,1001,1396,1421,1446,1525,1567,1613],"recovery,":[405,827,851],"create":[409],"prompt":[411],"learning":[412,1624],"(Kong":[415,529,1570],"2025).Some":[418],"forms":[419,476,1741,1826],"desirable,":[427],"merely":[430],"unavoidable.":[431],"Athletes":[432,1459],"learn":[434],"tolerate":[436,1475],"uncertainty":[437,1497],"experiencing":[439,1315],"it,":[440],"regulate":[441],"emotions":[443,1542],"them,":[446],"capacity":[450,748,955,1304,1473],"under":[453,457,1237,1307],"practising":[456],"(Bouthiller":[459,1317],"Lautenbach,":[461,1319],"2025).":[462,1320,1573],"In":[463,1221,1437],"these":[464,775,1485,1725],"simply":[469],"unwanted":[471],"by-product":[472],"development;":[474],"it":[475,483,560,745,1073,1111,1116,1175,1316,1366,1431,1635,1700,1916],"part":[477],"stimulus":[481],"provides":[484],"context":[486],"relevant":[490,1354,1433],"exercised.":[493],"As":[494],"such,":[495],"removing":[496,646,1007],"also":[500,545,586,871,1180,1348,1461,1527,1576,1702,1801],"remove":[501],"develop.":[508],"Its":[509,1056],"value":[511],"lies":[512,1928],"experience":[516,524,691,725,830,1158,1215],"structured":[526],"supported":[528],"2025).Intensity":[532],"alone":[533],"determine":[535],"whether":[536,1358,1426,1578],"demand":[538,553,605],"promotes":[539],"becomes":[542,1096,1241,1401],"overwhelming.":[543,1176],"It":[544,791,992,1774],"depends":[546,643,792,1108],"on":[547,645,649,704,793,843,950,1109,1691],"appraises":[551],"resources":[556,805,1141,1185,1203,1249],"available":[557,804,1142,1248],"(Lazarus,":[561,1543],"1991).":[562],"Athletes'":[563],"experiences":[564,662,681,861,1534,1711,1726,1874],"capacities,":[572],"previous":[573,1271],"experiences,":[574],"(Williams":[580],"MacNamara,":[582],"2022).":[583,1555],"Appraisal":[584,1266],"change":[587,1181],"perceived":[589,1245,1273],"control,":[590,1234,1274],"interaction":[593,848,1277],"with":[594,927,1090,1228,1278,1411,1443,1532,1643,1678],"wider":[596],"(Bonetti":[599,1282],"Hauw,":[601,1284],"manageable":[609,1168],"one":[611,1033],"athlete,":[612,635,1370,1897],"overwhelming":[613],"another,":[615],"experienced":[617],"differently":[618],"over":[623,811,1118,1908],"time.Challenge":[624],"consequently":[626],"best":[627],"understood":[628,1423,1507],"dynamic":[631,1128],"relationship":[632,1129],"demand,":[637,800,879,892,1899],"environment.":[641],"difficulty,":[647],"but":[648,718,1364,1637,1915],"enabling":[650],"engage":[653,1409,1530,1641],"with,":[654],"to,":[656],"make":[658],"sense":[659],"demanding":[661,680,695,958,1533],"ways":[664,1037],"expand":[666],"capacities.Recognising":[668],"mean":[677],"all":[679],"beneficial.":[683],"Distress":[684],"here":[686],"unpleasant":[689,1710],"accompany":[694],"whereas":[697,1239],"significant":[701,1597],"adverse":[702],"effect":[703],"athlete's":[706,802,971],"safety,":[708,1012],"dignity,":[709,1013],"functioning,":[710,1014],"longer-term":[712,1016],"two":[715],"overlap,":[717],"synonymous:":[722],"distress":[726,1465,1733],"distress.":[735],"Wellbeing":[736,1652,1674],"means":[738],"absence":[742],"discomfort;":[744],"concerns":[746,1478,1494],"athletes'":[747],"function,":[750],"develop,":[751],"pursue":[753,1049],"meaningful":[754,1091],"goals":[755,1050],"unacceptable":[757],"Safeguarding":[763],"(or":[765],"at":[766,1374,1670],"least":[767],"should)":[768],"preventing":[769],"practices":[770,959],"environments":[772,923],"threaten":[774],"conditions":[776,1028,1751],"(Tuakli-Wosornu":[777,1605],"2024).The":[780],"boundary":[781],"fixed.":[790],"purpose":[795,889,1500],"proportionality":[797],"appraisal,":[803],"consequences":[810,1905],"time.":[812,1119,1909],"A":[813],"harmful":[818,864,1100],"accumulate":[824],"adequate":[826],"persistent":[831],"helplessness":[832],"impairment,":[834],"exposure":[837,1322],"continues":[838],"despite":[839],"deteriorating":[840],"health.":[841],"Research":[842],"burnout":[844,937],"similarly":[845],"highlights":[846],"demands,":[850,1209],"motivation,":[852,1469],"environment,":[856,1902],"stressful":[860],"inherently":[863,1729],"(Woods":[865],"2025).Power":[868],"agency":[870,1560],"matter.":[872,1773],"Although":[873,1724],"choose":[876],"every":[877,1667,1671],"training":[878,1310],"standard,":[881],"selection":[883,1160],"decision,":[884,1161],"understand":[887],"able":[894,900],"express":[896],"concerns,":[897],"report":[902],"fear":[906],"disproportionate":[908],"consequences.":[909],"How":[910],"imposed":[913],"matter":[915,1052],"much":[917],"themselves:":[921],"controlling":[922],"been":[925,1226],"associated":[926,1227,1442],"thwarting":[930],"(Bartholomew":[931],"2011)":[934],"(Barcza-Renner":[938],"Younger":[942],"greater":[945],"caution,":[946],"dependence":[949],"adults":[951],"limit":[953],"(Bergeron":[960],"2024).":[963,1608],"Neither":[964,1254],"coach's":[966],"intention":[968],"nor":[969],"apparent":[972],"acceptance":[973],"sufficient":[975,988,1205],"establish":[977],"appropriate.":[982],"Equally,":[983],"temporary":[984],"evidence":[989,1451,1686,1737],"adjusting":[995],"intensity,":[997],"timing,":[998],"duration,":[999],"around":[1002],"it.":[1008,1394],"threatened,":[1019],"protection":[1020,1599,1834,1920],"takes":[1023],"priority.If":[1024],"main":[1036],"experienced.":[1041],"High-performance":[1042,1714],"generate":[1045],"deeply":[1053],"them.":[1055,1145],"presence":[1057],"indicate":[1062],"dysfunction":[1063],"something":[1066],"gone":[1068],"wrong.":[1069],"Indeed,":[1070],"many":[1072,1814],"long":[1077,1619],"duration.":[1078],"distinction":[1082],"expected":[1086],"engaging":[1089],"persistent,":[1097,1403],"impairing,":[1098,1405],"2026).The":[1104],"significance":[1105,1706],"appraised":[1113],"develops":[1117],"Lazarus'":[1120],"(1991)":[1121],"transactional":[1122],"model":[1123],"conceptualises":[1124],"individual":[1134],"encounters":[1135],"appraisal":[1138],"Apparently":[1146],"similar":[1147],"situations":[1148],"produce":[1151],"markedly":[1152],"different":[1153,1822],"responses.":[1154],"One":[1155],"serious":[1162],"major":[1165],"competition":[1166],"meaningful,":[1170],"another":[1172],"find":[1174],"responses":[1178],"accumulate,":[1184],"diminish,":[1186],"experience.Challenge":[1191],"threat":[1193,1240],"theory":[1194],"further":[1195],"supports":[1196],"position.":[1198],"appraise":[1201],"situational":[1208],"likely":[1213,1243],"state":[1218],"(Blascovich,":[1219],"2008).":[1220],"sport,":[1222],"states":[1224],"adaptive":[1230],"physiological":[1231],"responses,":[1232],"attentional":[1233],"exceed":[1247],"(Jones":[1250],"2009).":[1253],"response":[1255,1867],"fixed":[1258],"property":[1259],"event":[1262],"athlete.":[1265],"continually":[1268],"experience,":[1272],"2026).Importantly,":[1285],"aim":[1287,1627],"eliminate":[1291,1631],"preparation":[1295,1350],"sport.Athletes":[1298],"unlikely":[1300],"if":[1309],"consistently":[1311],"protects":[1312],"Appropriate":[1321],"allows":[1323],"practise":[1326],"interpreting,":[1327],"regulating,":[1328],"responding":[1330],"before":[1333],"comparable":[1335],"competition.":[1338],"Removing":[1339],"indiscriminately":[1341],"reduce":[1344],"limiting":[1349],"demands.The":[1353],"question":[1355,1521],"good":[1361],"bad,":[1363],"signifies":[1367],"context,":[1373],"point":[1376],"For":[1380],"practitioners,":[1381],"shifts":[1383],"focus":[1385],"routinely":[1387],"assessing":[1391],"monitoring":[1393],"Psychological":[1395,1524],"intervene":[1398],"overwhelming,":[1402],"helping":[1407],"constructively":[1410,1642],"pressures":[1413],"high-level":[1416],"developed.How":[1419],"shape":[1425],"coaches":[1429,1563],"regard":[1430,1514],"high":[1435],"performance.":[1436],"cultures":[1438],"where":[1439],"toughness":[1440],"competence,":[1444],"seeking":[1445],"interpreted":[1449],"vulnerability":[1453],"inability":[1456],"cope.":[1458],"worry":[1462],"addressing":[1464],"diminish":[1467],"edge,":[1471],"pressure.":[1476],"Alongside":[1477],"about":[1479,1498],"stigma,":[1480],"confidentiality,":[1481],"career":[1483],"consequences,":[1484],"perceptions":[1486],"discourage":[1488],"help-seeking":[1489],"(Gulliver":[1490],"2012).Such":[1493],"reflect":[1496],"If":[1504],"primarily":[1508],"discomfort,":[1511],"who":[1513],"integral":[1517],"its":[1522],"value.":[1523],"help":[1528,1562,1615,1639],"effectively":[1531],"appraising":[1536],"accurately":[1538],"regulating":[1540],"1991),":[1544],"recovering":[1545],"appropriately,":[1546],"meaning":[1549],"Practitioners":[1556],"strengthen":[1558],"calibrate,":[1564],"explain,":[1565],"They":[1574],"monitor":[1577],"becoming":[1581],"cumulative":[1582],"impairing":[1584],"(Edwards":[1585],"Weatherbee,":[1587],"Where":[1589,1609],"signs":[1592],"maltreatment,":[1595],"deterioration,":[1598],"intervention":[1602,1649],"take":[1603,1838],"priority":[1604],"remains":[1611,1913],"remain":[1617],"engaged":[1618],"enough":[1620],"occur.The":[1626],"encourage":[1634],"indiscriminately,":[1636],"required.":[1651],"advanced":[1657],"together,":[1658],"although":[1659],"receive":[1663,1782],"identical":[1664],"emphasis":[1665,1690,1784],"situation":[1668],"stage.":[1673],"synonymous":[1677],"comfort,":[1679],"not,":[1683],"itself,":[1685],"harm.The":[1688],"growing":[1689],"safeguarding":[1694],"delivered":[1696],"progress.":[1698],"left":[1703],"comparatively":[1712],"under-specified.":[1713],"vulnerability,":[1720],"disruption.":[1723],"beneficial,":[1730],"provide":[1749],"exercise":[1755],"extend":[1757],"required":[1760],"performance.Rebalancing":[1763],"asserting":[1770],"always":[1781],"equal":[1783],"contexts,":[1794],"There":[1799],"acknowledge":[1805],"redress":[1807],"'concept":[1809],"creep'":[1810],"seen":[1813],"constructs":[1816],"uncritically":[1817],"expanded":[1818],"incorporate":[1820],"completely":[1821],"moderate":[1825],"original":[1829],"(Haslam,":[1830],"At":[1832,1840],"times,":[1833,1842],"recovery":[1836],"priority.":[1839],"other":[1841],"however,":[1843],"work":[1851],"temporarily":[1855],"unsettle":[1856],"wellbeing.":[1858],"Treating":[1859],"reduction":[1861],"protecting":[1869],"very":[1873],"prepared":[1881],"for.Sport":[1882],"must":[1884],"attending":[1894],"Protection":[1910],"fundamental,":[1914],"difficulty.":[1922],"keeping":[1930],"preparing":[1936],"for,":[1938],"shielding":[1941],"from,":[1943],"occurs.":[1950]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}