{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220853312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","title":"MGCF-Net: a multi-view granular-ball contrastive fusion network for spatial transcriptomics clustering","display_name":"MGCF-Net: a multi-view granular-ball contrastive fusion network for spatial transcriptomics clustering","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220853312","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908645","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13683150"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100574812","display_name":"Li Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4243-7728","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4243-7728"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191996457","display_name":"Dalian Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/04c8eg608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Dalian Medical University","State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Dalian Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191996457"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101217464","display_name":"Haiyao Dong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate College, China Medical University","State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate College, China Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I91656880"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157846044","display_name":"Yuji Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157850422","display_name":"Yong Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119572358","display_name":"\u9ec4\u99a8\u6021 Huang Xinyi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157850525","display_name":"Huishan Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huishan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119572358","https://openalex.org/A5157850525"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62613295,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1967219","last_page":"1967219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-transcriptomics","display_name":"spatial transcriptomics","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-domain-identification","display_name":"spatial domain identification","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrastive-learning","display_name":"contrastive learning","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-view-fusion","display_name":"multi-view fusion","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-graphs","display_name":"spatial graphs","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-graph","display_name":"feature graph","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy-reduction","display_name":"redundancy reduction","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dorsolateral-prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"dorsolateral prefrontal cortex","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-clustering","display_name":"cell clustering","score":0.4490000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6941999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5940999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5730999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.5001999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4018000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.4011000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88230418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131476","display_name":"Graph theory","level":2,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175779824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574078","display_name":"Spatial organization","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354","display_name":"Spatial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.260699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13683150","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13683150/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13683150/pdf/fphys-17-1967219.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Physiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42908645","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c09b4a00283643909cbecb0cdd7d2b8c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c09b4a00283643909cbecb0cdd7d2b8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2026.1967219/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S52732750","display_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","issn_l":"1664-042X","issn":["1664-042X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Physiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220853312.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220853312.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150593711","https://openalex.org/W2471536144","https://openalex.org/W2800392236","https://openalex.org/W2901677030","https://openalex.org/W2908436867","https://openalex.org/W2915848182","https://openalex.org/W2951381561","https://openalex.org/W2972983657","https://openalex.org/W3108118546","https://openalex.org/W3112563877","https://openalex.org/W3126958162","https://openalex.org/W3165120573","https://openalex.org/W3171692328","https://openalex.org/W4220765701","https://openalex.org/W4226192560","https://openalex.org/W4235169531","https://openalex.org/W4285388882","https://openalex.org/W4289745500","https://openalex.org/W4306406844","https://openalex.org/W4322576590","https://openalex.org/W4322738920","https://openalex.org/W4366465280","https://openalex.org/W4384665375","https://openalex.org/W4385757408","https://openalex.org/W4388997570","https://openalex.org/W4390964629","https://openalex.org/W4392198237","https://openalex.org/W4396854620","https://openalex.org/W4396877699","https://openalex.org/W4399387298","https://openalex.org/W4402593546","https://openalex.org/W4404815492","https://openalex.org/W4405219157","https://openalex.org/W4406354592","https://openalex.org/W4406870564","https://openalex.org/W4408182950","https://openalex.org/W4408823010","https://openalex.org/W4409363297","https://openalex.org/W4417252126","https://openalex.org/W7137880076","https://openalex.org/W7138105375","https://openalex.org/W7168669085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401142187","https://openalex.org/W7211873171","https://openalex.org/W7204004364","https://openalex.org/W7131860224","https://openalex.org/W4409984740","https://openalex.org/W4406238088","https://openalex.org/W4406260580","https://openalex.org/W7162001560","https://openalex.org/W4400678867","https://openalex.org/W7126100990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Spatial":[1],"domain":[2,72],"identification":[3],"from":[4,180],"spatial":[5,14,71,77,189],"transcriptomics":[6],"(ST)":[7],"data":[8],"is":[9],"essential":[10],"for":[11,70],"characterizing":[12],"the":[13,98,140,148,159,174],"organization":[15],"of":[16,176],"complex":[17],"tissues.":[18],"Existing":[19],"contrastive":[20,67,110,182],"learning":[21,111],"methods":[22,36],"face":[23],"a":[24,64,76,80,193],"persistent":[25],"trade-off:":[26],"instance-level":[27,181],"approaches":[28],"are":[29],"susceptible":[30],"to":[31,83,125],"false":[32,177],"negatives,":[33],"whereas":[34],"cluster-level":[35],"may":[37,46],"overlook":[38],"fine-grained":[39],"local":[40,116,165],"structures.":[41],"Moreover,":[42],"direct":[43],"multi-view":[44,65],"fusion":[45,68],"introduce":[47],"redundant":[48],"or":[49],"noisy":[50],"correlations,":[51],"thereby":[52],"degrading":[53],"representation":[54],"quality.":[55],"Methods:":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"these":[59],"limitations,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"MGCF-Net,":[63],"granular-ball":[66,109],"network":[69],"identification.":[73],"MGCF-Net":[74,138,172],"constructs":[75],"graph":[78,82],"and":[79,87,119],"feature":[81],"represent":[84],"physical":[85],"proximity":[86],"transcriptomic":[88],"similarity,":[89],"respectively.":[90],"A":[91],"redundancy-reduction":[92],"objective":[93],"preserves":[94,187],"spot-level":[95,113],"correspondence":[96],"across":[97,122],"two":[99],"views":[100,123],"while":[101],"suppressing":[102],"spurious":[103],"similarities":[104],"between":[105],"different":[106],"spots.":[107],"Multi-view":[108],"groups":[112],"representations":[114],"into":[115],"structural":[117,166],"units":[118,167],"aligns":[120],"them":[121],"according":[124],"their":[126],"membership":[127],"overlap.":[128],"Results:":[129],"On":[130],"eight":[131],"dorsolateral":[132],"prefrontal":[133],"cortex":[134],"(DLPFC)":[135],"tissue":[136],"sections,":[137],"attains":[139],"highest":[141],"mean":[142],"adjusted":[143],"Rand":[144],"index":[145],"(ARI)":[146],"among":[147],"evaluated":[149],"methods.":[150,161],"Its":[151],"normalized":[152],"mutual":[153],"information":[154],"(NMI)":[155],"remains":[156],"competitive":[157],"with":[158],"comparison":[160],"Discussion:":[162],"By":[163],"contrasting":[164],"rather":[168],"than":[169],"individual":[170],"spots,":[171],"reduces":[173],"influence":[175],"negatives":[178],"arising":[179],"learning.":[183],"This":[184],"group-level":[185],"formulation":[186],"coherent":[188],"structures":[190],"without":[191],"requiring":[192],"generative":[194],"decoder.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}
