{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220853271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","title":"An optimized pipeline for cell-based validation of gRNAs designs to inactivate coding and non-coding RNAs using CRISPR-Cas9","display_name":"An optimized pipeline for cell-based validation of gRNAs designs to inactivate coding and non-coding RNAs using CRISPR-Cas9","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220853271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73063-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73063-z_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071468280","display_name":"Florence Jaouen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138220","display_name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/043hw6336","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florence Jaouen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","NeuroBioTools Facility (NeuroVir), Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuroBioTools Facility (NeuroVir), Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080248918","display_name":"Catherine L\u00e9polard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138220","display_name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/043hw6336","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catherine Lepolard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029771783","display_name":"Thomas Bescond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138220","display_name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/043hw6336","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Bescond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","NeuroBioTools Facility (NeuroVir), Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NeuroBioTools Facility (NeuroVir), Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157854449","display_name":"Ana Borges","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138220","display_name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/043hw6336","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Borges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002238483","display_name":"Natalia Popa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4689-3807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138220","display_name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/043hw6336","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Popa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157878643","display_name":"Eleni Tzavara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112450","display_name":"Health and Functional Exposomics","ror":"https://ror.org/021ryxk89","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210112450"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleni Tzavara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, CNRS, HealthFex, Paris, F-75006, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, Inserm, CNRS, HealthFex, Paris, F-75006, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I4210112450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049765660","display_name":"Eduardo Gascon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-5509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-5509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21491767","display_name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/035xkbk20","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21491767"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138220","display_name":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone","ror":"https://ror.org/043hw6336","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Gascon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS UMR7289, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2625-5509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst Neurosci Timone, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INT, Marseille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS UMR7289, 27, Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13005, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049765660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I21491767","https://openalex.org/I4210138220"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6261225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12610","display_name":"RNA regulation and disease","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10725","display_name":"RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crispr-cas9","display_name":"CRISPR/Cas9","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guide-rna-design","display_name":"guide RNA design","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-editing","display_name":"genome editing","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microrna","display_name":"microRNA","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elk-1","display_name":"Elk-1","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mir-218","display_name":"miR-218","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mir-124","display_name":"miR-124","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescent-reporter","display_name":"fluorescent reporter","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-transfection","display_name":"transient transfection","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression-profiling","display_name":"gene expression profiling","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-expression","display_name":"protein expression","score":0.5189999938011169}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7185999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.6789000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97702854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4039747","display_name":"Guide RNA","level":5,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.24400000274181366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.23389999568462372}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73063-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-73063-z","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-73063-z_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3641813463","display_name":"Determining the role of SLC6A4 polymorphisms on the anti-depressant response: from causality to identification of molecular signatures and robust biomarkers","funder_award_id":"ANR-22-CE17-0034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6195277031","display_name":"Imaging gene and brain networks in stress susceptibility: novel pathways and biomarkers in mice and men.","funder_award_id":"ANR-19-CE37-0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000927975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00100077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322646","funder_display_name":"Fondation de France"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322130","display_name":"Association France Alzheimer","ror":"https://ror.org/015yand93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322646","display_name":"Fondation de France","ror":"https://ror.org/02zkxjz73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328502","display_name":"FONDATION ALZHEIMER","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331479","display_name":"Fondation pour la Recherche sur Alzheimer","ror":"https://ror.org/01z0nmr69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220853271.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220853271.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214443602","https://openalex.org/W4409423211","https://openalex.org/W3114544698","https://openalex.org/W3192435740","https://openalex.org/W3011507341","https://openalex.org/W3003234861","https://openalex.org/W4206647111","https://openalex.org/W2531753565","https://openalex.org/W2599752450","https://openalex.org/W1731173485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Genome-editing":[0],"technologies":[1],"based":[2],"on":[3,100],"bacterial":[4],"Cas9":[5,37],"proteins":[6],"have":[7,50,83],"become":[8],"a":[9,57,122,166],"gold":[10],"standard":[11],"for":[12],"introducing":[13],"precise":[14],"genetic":[15],"modifications":[16],"across":[17],"multiple":[18],"species":[19],"and":[20,28,121,170,176],"experimental":[21],"models.":[22],"These":[23],"tools":[24],"require":[25],"the":[26,36,40,74,101,117,132,137,140,143,149,159],"design":[27,54],"validation":[29,93],"of":[30,73,119,128,139,161],"guide":[31],"RNAs":[32],"(gRNAs)":[33],"that":[34],"direct":[35],"protein":[38,146],"to":[39,44,53,61,67,90],"actual":[41],"genome":[42],"location":[43],"be":[45,62,68],"edited.":[46],"Although":[47],"numerous":[48],"algorithms":[49],"been":[51],"developed":[52],"gRNAs,":[55],"whether":[56],"gRNA":[58],"is":[59],"going":[60],"effective":[63],"or":[64,105,152],"not":[65],"need":[66],"experimentally":[69],"assessed.":[70],"Since":[71],"most":[72],"times":[75],"several":[76],"designs":[77,141],"are":[78],"tested":[79],"in":[80,148,153],"parallel,":[81],"we":[82],"set":[84],"up":[85],"an":[86],"efficient":[87],"cell-based":[88],"approach":[89,163],"optimize":[91],"this":[92],"process":[94],"by":[95,164],"directly":[96],"quantifying":[97],"gRNAs":[98],"effect":[99],"downstream":[102],"target":[103],"RNA":[104,174],"protein.":[106],"Our":[107],"strategy":[108],"relies":[109],"on:":[110],"(1)":[111],"creating":[112],"stable":[113],"cell":[114],"lines":[115,130],"expressing":[116],"gene":[118,168],"interest":[120],"fluorescent":[123],"reporter;":[124],"(2)":[125],"transient":[126],"transfection":[127],"these":[129],"with":[131],"different":[133],"gRNAs;":[134],"(3)":[135],"analyzing":[136],"efficiency":[138],"at":[142],"transcriptomic":[144],"and/or":[145],"level":[147],"whole":[150],"population":[151],"FACS":[154],"sorted":[155],"cells.":[156],"We":[157],"demonstrate":[158],"relevance":[160],"our":[162],"inactivating":[165],"coding":[167],"(Elk1)":[169],"two":[171],"short":[172],"non-coding":[173],"(miR-218":[175],"miR-124).":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}