{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220852008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","title":"Biomimetic scaffolds mimic human subretinal debris for preclinical testing of prosthetic vision","display_name":"Biomimetic scaffolds mimic human subretinal debris for preclinical testing of prosthetic vision","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220852008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926478","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13692178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.06.756601.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.06.756601.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039238393","display_name":"Mohajeet B. Bhuckory","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohajeet B Bhuckory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5139782155","display_name":"Vladimir Mamchik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4400-6895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4400-6895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Mamchik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4400-6895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020594652","display_name":"Keith Ly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-5974","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-5974"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Ly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-5974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130778241","display_name":"Nathan Jensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053797883","display_name":"Viktoryia I. Shautsova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-4424","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-4424"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktoryia Shautsova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-4424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL), University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116971955","display_name":"Quentin Devaud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9155-2772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9155-2772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quentin Devaud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9155-2772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027458866","display_name":"Andrew Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-189X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9323-189X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092558419","display_name":"Davis Pham-Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6637-2124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6637-2124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davis Pham-Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6637-2124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108118524","display_name":"Roopa Dalal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-8093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-8093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roopa Dalal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7150-8093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113182666","display_name":"Ludwig Galambos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludwig Galambos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001296468","display_name":"Theodore I Kamins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-1161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-1161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Kamins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8319-1161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064040602","display_name":"Daniel Palanker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-3025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-3025"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Palanker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0480-3025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039238393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subretinal-prosthesis","display_name":"subretinal prosthesis","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomimetic-scaffolds","display_name":"biomimetic scaffolds","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-atrophy","display_name":"geographic atrophy","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-related-macular-degeneration","display_name":"age-related macular degeneration","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inner-nuclear-layer","display_name":"inner nuclear layer","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation-threshold","display_name":"stimulation threshold","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoprinting","display_name":"nanoprinting","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-migration","display_name":"cell migration","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grating-acuity","display_name":"grating acuity","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6053000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781411149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486975","display_name":"Implant","level":2,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776403814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27429789","display_name":"Macular degeneration","level":2,"score":0.5212000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4537000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778117688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264024","display_name":"Animal model","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781040256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316761","display_name":"Retinal degeneration","level":3,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201750760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896218","display_name":"Progenitor cell","level":3,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194520","display_name":"Atrophy","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020196126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammatory response","level":3,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.06.756601.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13692178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13692178/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13692178/pdf/nihpp-2026.10.06.756601v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42926478","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.06.756601","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/07/2026.10.06.756601.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2419087645","display_name":"NNCI: nano@stanford","funder_award_id":"2026822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4089419421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2026822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4952700395","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30-EY-026877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5442025106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-2026822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5987350949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-EY-035227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6488686555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-19-1-0402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6857866136","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R01-EY- 035227","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7704559184","display_name":"Superior Nonlinear Optical Single Crystals and An Open-Source Modeling Package for Classical and Quantum Light Generation","funder_award_id":"2210933","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8065195062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2026822","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000909149","display_name":"Stanford Vision Research Core","funder_award_id":"P30EY026877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306811","display_name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","ror":"https://ror.org/04drjs621"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308990","display_name":"BrightFocus Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03cvfxv40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220852008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220852008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3115817398","https://openalex.org/W4399753363","https://openalex.org/W7163662333"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409195928","https://openalex.org/W2921818388","https://openalex.org/W4387611237","https://openalex.org/W3134806823","https://openalex.org/W2964084936","https://openalex.org/W6946143101","https://openalex.org/W7095349515","https://openalex.org/W6946449957","https://openalex.org/W4297983904","https://openalex.org/W4313320335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Photovoltaic":[0],"subretinal":[1,199,243,261],"prostheses":[2],"replace":[3],"the":[4,23,33,38,45,50,62,68,91,105,111,120,153,169,175,183,195,198,209,229,233,236,240,260],"lost":[5],"photoreceptors":[6],"in":[7,29,58,96,245],"patients":[8],"blinded":[9],"by":[10,20,40,191,218],"atrophic":[11],"age-related":[12],"macular":[13],"degeneration":[14],"(AMD)":[15],"and":[16,48,93,151,160,172,235],"provide":[17,85,122],"central":[18],"vision":[19],"electrically":[21],"stimulating":[22],"inner":[24,34,154],"retinal":[25,100],"neurons.":[26],"Subretinal":[27],"debris":[28,244],"geographic":[30,246],"atrophy":[31,247],"separate":[32],"nuclear":[35,155],"layer":[36,57,156],"from":[37],"implant":[39,234],"tens":[41],"of":[42,54,64,67,99,104,125,131,138,178,197,208,213,228,242,248,259],"micrometers,":[43],"increasing":[44],"stimulation":[46,179],"threshold":[47],"reducing":[49],"pattern":[51],"contrast.":[52],"Absence":[53],"this":[55],"separating":[56],"animal":[59,97],"models":[60,98],"diminishes":[61],"accuracy":[63],"preclinical":[65,257],"testing":[66],"next-generation":[69],"implants,":[70],"especially":[71],"with":[72],"smaller":[73],"pixels.":[74],"We":[75],"developed":[76],"three-dimensional":[77],"biomimetic":[78],"scaffolds":[79,106],"nanoprinted":[80],"onto":[81],"photovoltaic":[82,170],"arrays":[83],"to":[84,109,119,143,205,211],"a":[86,226,253],"precisely":[87],"controlled":[88,230],"separation":[89,231],"between":[90,232],"implants":[92],"target":[94,237],"neurons":[95,238],"degeneration.":[101],"Gap":[102],"sizes":[103],"were":[107,141],"adjusted":[108],"meet":[110],"following":[112],"requirements:":[113],"they":[114,147],"should":[115],"allow":[116],"light":[117],"penetration":[118],"implant,":[121],"unobstructed":[123],"flow":[124],"electric":[126],"current,":[127],"but":[128],"preclude":[129],"migration":[130,150],"cells":[132],"into":[133],"their":[134],"3-D":[135],"structure.":[136],"Gaps":[137],"3":[139],"\u03bcm":[140],"found":[142],"be":[144],"optimal":[145],"as":[146],"restricted":[148],"cellular":[149,192],"maintained":[152],"above":[157],"both":[158],"planar":[159],"pillar":[161],"electrode":[162],"arrays.":[163],"Scaffolds":[164],"did":[165],"not":[166],"measurably":[167],"alter":[168],"response":[171],"accurately":[173],"reproduced":[174],"distance":[176],"dependence":[177],"threshold.":[180],"Following":[181],"implantation,":[182],"initially":[184],"fluid-filled":[185],"intra-scaffold":[186],"space":[187],"was":[188,216],"progressively":[189],"filled":[190],"matter":[193],"matching":[194],"density":[196],"debris.":[200],"This":[201],"transition":[202],"is":[203],"expected":[204],"increase":[206],"resistivity":[207],"scaffold":[210],"that":[212],"tissue,":[214],"which":[215],"evidenced":[217],"concurrently":[219],"improved":[220],"grating":[221],"acuity.":[222],"These":[223],"results":[224],"establish":[225],"model":[227],"reproducing":[239],"features":[241],"human":[249],"patients,":[250],"thereby":[251],"providing":[252],"platform":[254],"for":[255],"accurate":[256],"evaluation":[258],"implants.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}
