{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220849829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","title":"Development, Normative Data, and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Semantic Association Test (SEMAT) for Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults","display_name":"Development, Normative Data, and Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Semantic Association Test (SEMAT) for Middle\u2010Aged and Older Adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220849829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42841761","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13644552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/brb3.71833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450051","display_name":"Brain and Behavior","issn_l":"2157-9032","issn":["2157-9032","2162-3279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71833","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095110479","display_name":"Samet Tosun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-7430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-7430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104933","display_name":"Biruni University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nkhmn89","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104933"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Samet Tosun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Language Therapy Biruni University  Istanbul Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9604-7430","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Language Therapy Biruni University  Istanbul Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006023769","display_name":"Fenise Selin Karal\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-9219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-9219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104933","display_name":"Biruni University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nkhmn89","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104933"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fenise Selin Karal\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech and Language Therapy Biruni University  Istanbul Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-9219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech and Language Therapy Biruni University  Istanbul Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040136349","display_name":"Jo\u00ebl Macoir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-430X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-430X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287202","display_name":"Centre de recherche CERVO","ror":"https://ror.org/04d9mwe30","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4392738268","https://openalex.org/I4405279980","https://openalex.org/I4405287202"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00ebl Macoir","raw_affiliation_strings":["CERVO Brain Research Centre  Qu\u00e9bec Canada","\u00c9cole Des Sciences de La R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-430X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CERVO Brain Research Centre  Qu\u00e9bec Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287202"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Des Sciences de La R\u00e9adaptation, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Universit\u00e9 Laval  Qu\u00e9bec Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5095110479"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104933"],"apc_list":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"apc_paid":{"value":3630,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3630},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75556189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"10","first_page":"e71833","last_page":"e71833"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.6718999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.6718999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14434","display_name":"Historical and Modern Theater Studies","score":0.22059999406337738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.0575999990105629,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-memory","display_name":"semantic memory","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-values","display_name":"reference values","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-aged-and-older-adults","display_name":"middle-aged and older adults","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometric-properties","display_name":"psychometric properties","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergent-validity","display_name":"convergent validity","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-consistency","display_name":"internal consistency","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-difficulty-and-discrimination","display_name":"item difficulty and discrimination","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-aging","display_name":"cognitive aging","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodegenerative-diseases","display_name":"neurodegenerative diseases","score":0.8830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.798799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44725695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156","display_name":"Normative","level":2,"score":0.7638000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.6779000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121244757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783487","display_name":"Convergent validity","level":4,"score":0.6215999722480774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5163000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191290158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14773596","display_name":"Ceiling effect","level":3,"score":0.5156000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4629000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120107772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168554","display_name":"Discriminant validity","level":4,"score":0.3637000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983526489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Associative learning","level":2,"score":0.3513000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90963130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6015484","display_name":"Incremental validity","level":4,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33191230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3737383","display_name":"Face validity","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Implicit-association test","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.30790001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018868096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2693233","display_name":"Internal consistency","level":3,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197914299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18650","display_name":"Semantic memory","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779297142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276412","display_name":"Educational attainment","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182050348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186576","display_name":"Criterion validity","level":4,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116211729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5372350","display_name":"Test validity","level":3,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70364389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757","display_name":"Validity","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001244","descriptor_name":"Association","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011594","descriptor_name":"Psychometrics","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012660","descriptor_name":"Semantics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014421","descriptor_name":"Turkey","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/brb3.71833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450051","display_name":"Brain and Behavior","issn_l":"2157-9032","issn":["2157-9032","2162-3279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13644552","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13644552/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13644552/pdf/BRB3-16-e71833.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42841761","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42841761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9267c8199d0b4c348157735a038724e7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9267c8199d0b4c348157735a038724e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior, Vol 16, Iss 10, Pp n/a-n/a (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/brb3.71833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.71833","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/brb3.71833","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764450051","display_name":"Brain and Behavior","issn_l":"2157-9032","issn":["2157-9032","2162-3279"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain and Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220849829.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220849829.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969138120","https://openalex.org/W2000992773","https://openalex.org/W2022856253","https://openalex.org/W2040867760","https://openalex.org/W2073630065","https://openalex.org/W2082928871","https://openalex.org/W2097417469","https://openalex.org/W2106250543","https://openalex.org/W2112891119","https://openalex.org/W2116959923","https://openalex.org/W2122538622","https://openalex.org/W2138190873","https://openalex.org/W2140816245","https://openalex.org/W2150632194","https://openalex.org/W2165512980","https://openalex.org/W2172096892","https://openalex.org/W2208376304","https://openalex.org/W2250543349","https://openalex.org/W2290368004","https://openalex.org/W2556590024","https://openalex.org/W2951225615","https://openalex.org/W2956226084","https://openalex.org/W3005983159","https://openalex.org/W3018556080","https://openalex.org/W3036742933","https://openalex.org/W3141077523","https://openalex.org/W4251404648","https://openalex.org/W4375865825","https://openalex.org/W4390976331","https://openalex.org/W4391045288","https://openalex.org/W4403083190","https://openalex.org/W4406403333","https://openalex.org/W4412896109","https://openalex.org/W4415122003","https://openalex.org/W7133332790","https://openalex.org/W7135085811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167571215","https://openalex.org/W3141077523","https://openalex.org/W2145295143","https://openalex.org/W2519468578","https://openalex.org/W2076185830","https://openalex.org/W4308847433","https://openalex.org/W3187057218","https://openalex.org/W4415279165","https://openalex.org/W4391045288","https://openalex.org/W4402224309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Semantic":[1,41],"associative":[2,233],"processing":[3,234],"is":[4,12,222],"essential":[5],"for":[6,249],"language,":[7],"cognition,":[8],"and":[9,11,30,48,63,73,100,113,124,142,187,208,227,240,243,253],"communication":[10],"frequently":[13],"impaired":[14],"in":[15],"neurodegenerative":[16],"disorders.":[17],"However,":[18],"no":[19],"brief":[20],"Turkish":[21,40],"instrument":[22],"currently":[23],"assesses":[24],"semantic":[25,130,190,232],"associations":[26],"across":[27,159,213],"both":[28],"abstract":[29],"concrete":[31],"conceptual":[32],"domains.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"aimed":[36],"to":[37],"develop":[38],"the":[39,107,133,151,188,220],"Association":[42],"Test":[43],"(SEMAT),":[44],"establish":[45],"normative":[46,246],"data,":[47],"examine":[49],"selected":[50],"psychometric":[51],"properties.":[52],"METHOD:":[53],"The":[54,166],"SEMAT":[55,161,167,185,221],"was":[56,68,150],"developed":[57],"using":[58,93,129],"stimuli":[59],"representing":[60],"abstract,":[61],"biological,":[62],"manmade":[64],"concepts.":[65],"Face":[66],"validity":[67,126,242],"evaluated":[69],"through":[70],"expert":[71],"review":[72],"pilot":[74],"testing.":[75],"Normative":[76],"data":[77,248],"were":[78,91,120,127,144,182],"obtained":[79],"from":[80,132],"365":[81],"cognitively":[82,250],"healthy":[83,251],"Turkish-speaking":[84,255],"adults":[85],"aged":[86],"53-82":[87],"years.":[88],"Demographic":[89],"effects":[90],"examined":[92],"multiple":[94],"regression":[95],"analyses,":[96],"with":[97,157,235,244],"age,":[98],"education,":[99],"sex":[101],"entered":[102],"simultaneously":[103],"as":[104],"predictors.":[105],"Given":[106],"bounded,":[108],"negatively":[109],"skewed":[110],"score":[111],"distributions":[112],"substantial":[114],"ceiling":[115],"effects,":[116],"empirical":[117],"percentile-based":[118],"norms":[119],"generated.":[121],"Internal":[122],"consistency":[123,171],"convergent":[125,200,241],"assessed":[128],"measures":[131],"Batterie":[134],"d'\u00c9valuation":[135],"Cognitive":[136],"du":[137],"Langage":[138],"(BECLA-Tr).":[139],"Item-level":[140,202],"difficulty":[141],"discrimination":[143,212],"also":[145],"examined.":[146],"FINDINGS:":[147],"Educational":[148],"attainment":[149],"only":[152],"demographic":[153],"variable":[154,211],"independently":[155],"associated":[156],"performance":[158],"all":[160,195],"scores,":[162],"supporting":[163,199],"education-adjusted":[164,245],"norms.":[165],"demonstrated":[168],"excellent":[169],"internal":[170],"(Cronbach's":[172],"\u03b1":[173],"=":[174,178,193],"0.88;":[175],"McDonald's":[176],"\u03c9":[177],"0.92).":[179],"Significant":[180],"correlations":[181],"observed":[183],"between":[184],"scores":[186],"BECLA-Tr":[189],"composite":[191],"(\u03c1":[192],"0.41-0.54,":[194],"p":[196],"<":[197],"0.001),":[198],"validity.":[201],"analyses":[203],"showed":[204],"generally":[205],"high":[206],"accuracy":[207],"positive":[209],"but":[210],"items.":[214],"CONCLUSION:":[215],"These":[216],"findings":[217],"indicate":[218],"that":[219],"a":[223],"brief,":[224],"culturally":[225],"appropriate,":[226],"psychometrically":[228],"sound":[229],"measure":[230],"of":[231,238],"preliminary":[236],"evidence":[237],"reliability":[239],"reference":[247],"middle-aged":[252],"older":[254],"adults.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}
