{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220849154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","title":"Automated voxel-based prostate volumetry improves PSA density\u2013based detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in the PSA gray zone: comparison with manual segmentation and the ellipsoid formula","display_name":"Automated voxel-based prostate volumetry improves PSA density\u2013based detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in the PSA gray zone: comparison with manual segmentation and the ellipsoid formula","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220849154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42910260","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13685902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157815541","display_name":"Jing Han","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103067923","display_name":"Yi Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-6524","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-6524"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Research Center of Medical School, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157811867","display_name":"Houdong Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houdong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Medical College","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157855723","display_name":"Jing Wen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Medical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, Jiangsu Medical College","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157855723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3077},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3077},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78681097,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1897681","last_page":"1897681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.7128999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.2168000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psa-density","display_name":"PSA density","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinically-significant-prostate-cancer","display_name":"clinically significant prostate cancer","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psa-gray-zone","display_name":"PSA gray zone","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voxel-based-segmentation","display_name":"voxel-based segmentation","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nnu-net","display_name":"nnU-Net","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ellipsoid-formula","display_name":"ellipsoid formula","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-mri","display_name":"prostate MRI","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-segmentation","display_name":"automatic segmentation","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-segmentation","display_name":"manual segmentation","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-stratification","display_name":"risk stratification","score":0.6399999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57489055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190046","display_name":"Ellipsoid","level":2,"score":0.7315999865531921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9625","display_name":"Prostate","level":3,"score":0.724399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.7202000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.541100025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.4984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781406297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409450","display_name":"Prostate-specific antigen","level":4,"score":0.4959000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.44940000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.43639999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987762487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413191","display_name":"High definition","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985322473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer detection","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13685902","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13685902/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13685902/pdf/fdgth-08-1897681.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Digit Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42910260","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42910260","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in digital health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a927656b2c0c414cadf0e092fb926679","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a927656b2c0c414cadf0e092fb926679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health, Vol 8 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-health/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2026.1897681/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170686","display_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","issn_l":"2673-253X","issn":["2673-253X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Digital Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220849154.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220849154.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1827911007","https://openalex.org/W2106033751","https://openalex.org/W2124539070","https://openalex.org/W2156992415","https://openalex.org/W2288851487","https://openalex.org/W2335679869","https://openalex.org/W2593785372","https://openalex.org/W2602602904","https://openalex.org/W2607442245","https://openalex.org/W2763731640","https://openalex.org/W2794474997","https://openalex.org/W2883249546","https://openalex.org/W2905856158","https://openalex.org/W2922071185","https://openalex.org/W3014974815","https://openalex.org/W3035419131","https://openalex.org/W3093479051","https://openalex.org/W3184298112","https://openalex.org/W4206864786","https://openalex.org/W4285025157","https://openalex.org/W4299348313","https://openalex.org/W4308842633","https://openalex.org/W4317865919","https://openalex.org/W4327677653","https://openalex.org/W4365138317","https://openalex.org/W4377094377","https://openalex.org/W4386192529","https://openalex.org/W4387012396","https://openalex.org/W4392956552","https://openalex.org/W4393855384","https://openalex.org/W4393935425","https://openalex.org/W4394787252","https://openalex.org/W4402827440","https://openalex.org/W4403475343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4323348858","https://openalex.org/W7167909839","https://openalex.org/W3035419131","https://openalex.org/W4413329982","https://openalex.org/W3201367930","https://openalex.org/W7214589798","https://openalex.org/W2091920223","https://openalex.org/W4411545741","https://openalex.org/W4408161504","https://openalex.org/W7139105901"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"To":[1],"investigate":[2],"whether":[3],"voxel-based":[4,76,84,177],"prostate":[5,21,58,109,132,230],"volume":[6,110,133,237],"can":[7],"improve":[8],"the":[9,27,115,186,240,253],"diagnostic":[10,267],"performance":[11,113,248,268],"of":[12,53,117,142,171,214,282],"prostate-specific":[13,28],"antigen":[14,29],"density":[15],"(PSAD)":[16],"for":[17,114,249,276],"detecting":[18,250],"clinically":[19],"significant":[20],"cancer":[22],"(csPCa)":[23],"in":[24,252,279],"patients":[25,49],"within":[26],"(PSA)":[30],"gray":[31,255],"zone":[32],"(4\u201310":[33],"ng/mL),":[34],"and":[35,82,102,147,168,219,235,262],"to":[36,107,212,245,270],"compare":[37],"it":[38],"with":[39,50,135,139,165,215,266],"conventional":[40,241],"formula-based":[41,187],"estimation.":[42],"Methods":[43],"In":[44,174],"this":[45],"retrospective":[46],"study,":[47],"489":[48],"PSA":[51,254],"levels":[52],"4\u201310":[54],"ng/mL":[55],"who":[56],"underwent":[57],"MRI":[59],"were":[60,64],"included.":[61],"Prostate":[62],"volumes":[63,141],"calculated":[65,105,200],"using":[66,99,121],"three":[67,108],"methods":[68],"ellipsoid":[69,242],"formula":[70,73,129,189,223],"(":[71,78,86,224],"PV":[72,79,87,128,136,156,166,202],"),":[74,81],"manual":[75,271],"segmentation":[77,85,259],"mask":[80,137,167,179,217],"automated":[83,258],"auto_seg":[88,157,199,203],")":[89],"based":[90],"on":[91],"nnU-Net.":[92],"Agreement":[93],"between":[94],"volumetric":[95],"measurements":[96],"was":[97,104,119],"assessed":[98],"Bland\u2013Altman":[100],"analysis,":[101,176],"PSAD":[103,178,188,198,216,222,247,264],"according":[106],"estimations.":[111],"Diagnostic":[112],"detection":[116],"csPCa":[118,251],"evaluated":[120],"receiver":[122],"operating":[123],"characteristic":[124],"(ROC)":[125],"analysis.":[126],"Results":[127],"systematically":[130],"overestimated":[131],"compared":[134],",":[138,218],"mean":[140],"58.8":[143],"\u00b1":[144,149,159],"28.1":[145],"mL":[146,151],"54.5":[148],"26.6":[150],"(bias":[152],"4.4":[153],"mL);":[154],"whereas":[155],"(55.8":[158],"20.8":[160],"mL)":[161],"showed":[162],"close":[163],"agreement":[164],"reduced":[169],"bias":[170],"1.4":[172],"mL.":[173],"ROC":[175],"(AUC":[180,190],"0.762,":[181],"95%":[182,192,209],"CI":[183,193,210],"0.717\u20130.808)":[184],"outperformed":[185,221],"0.719,":[191],"0.671\u20130.767;":[194],"P":[195,225],"=":[196,226],"0.01).":[197],"from":[201],"yielded":[204],"an":[205],"AUC":[206],"similar":[207],"(0.754,":[208],"0.707\u20130.800)":[211],"that":[213],"also":[220],"0.02).":[227],"Conclusion":[228],"Voxel-based":[229],"volumetry":[231],"provides":[232],"more":[233],"accurate":[234],"consistent":[236],"estimation":[238],"than":[239],"formula,":[243],"leading":[244],"improved":[246],"zone.":[256],"Moreover,":[257],"enables":[260],"reliable":[261],"scalable":[263],"calculation":[265],"comparable":[269],"delineation,":[272],"supporting":[273],"its":[274],"potential":[275],"clinical":[277],"implementation":[278],"risk":[280],"stratification":[281],"PCa.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}
