{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220846473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","title":"Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an immunological perspective","display_name":"Pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: an immunological perspective","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220846473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42909297","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13684817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157837988","display_name":"David Riley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I128956969","display_name":"Texas Christian University","ror":"https://ror.org/054b0b564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Riley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at Texas Christian University","Pediatrix Medical Group of Texas \u2014 Fort Worth Neonatology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Anne Burnett Marion School of Medicine at Texas Christian University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatrix Medical Group of Texas \u2014 Fort Worth Neonatology","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049642684","display_name":"Vineet Bhandari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-6636","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4900-6636","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2037-1115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089330","display_name":"Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/007evha27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330","https://openalex.org/I4210157085","https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vineet Bhandari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Neonatology, The Children\u2019s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Neonatology, The Children\u2019s Regional Hospital at Cooper, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089330"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157837988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I128956969"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56468531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1965255","last_page":"1965255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11290","display_name":"Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchopulmonary-dysplasia","display_name":"bronchopulmonary dysplasia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-infants","display_name":"preterm infants","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-inflammation","display_name":"lung inflammation","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innate-immunity","display_name":"innate immunity","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr2","display_name":"TLR2","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tlr4","display_name":"TLR4","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kappab","display_name":"NF-\u03baB","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nlrp3-inflammasome","display_name":"NLRP3 inflammasome","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chorioamnionitis","display_name":"chorioamnionitis","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-inflammatory-response-syndrome","display_name":"fetal inflammatory response","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperoxia","display_name":"hyperoxia","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-dysbiosis","display_name":"gut dysbiosis","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolar-macrophages","display_name":"alveolar macrophages","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutrophil-extracellular-traps","display_name":"neutrophil extracellular traps","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/th17-treg-imbalance","display_name":"Th17/Treg imbalance","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transplacental-igg-transfer","display_name":"transplacental IgG transfer","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specialized-pro-resolving-mediators","display_name":"specialized pro-resolving mediators","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-37","display_name":"IL-37","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nrf2","display_name":"Nrf2","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-chain-fatty-acids","display_name":"short-chain fatty acids","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trained-immunity","display_name":"trained immunity","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution-of-inflammation","display_name":"inflammation resolution","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alveolarization","display_name":"alveolarization","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778721537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922640","display_name":"Bronchopulmonary dysplasia","level":4,"score":0.891700029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777209026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412405","display_name":"Inflammasome","level":3,"score":0.656499981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6298999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6266000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780942790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016","display_name":"Pathogenesis","level":2,"score":0.5242000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5134999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777714996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung","level":2,"score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2107291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14886885","display_name":"Mediator","level":2,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776070231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14914098","display_name":"TLR4","level":3,"score":0.388700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18029196","display_name":"MMP9","level":4,"score":0.2973000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777629866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473739","display_name":"Chorioamnionitis","level":4,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983914783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Lung disease","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778420691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14866230","display_name":"TLR3","level":5,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Respiratory disease","level":3,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071199","descriptor_name":"NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000094406","descriptor_name":"Innate Immunity Recognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001997","descriptor_name":"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001997","descriptor_name":"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001997","descriptor_name":"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001997","descriptor_name":"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007113","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Innate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007234","descriptor_name":"Infant, Premature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015398","descriptor_name":"Signal Transduction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058847","descriptor_name":"Inflammasomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058847","descriptor_name":"Inflammasomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42909297","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42909297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13684817","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13684817/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Immunol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c5e26ee4dfc545a6b6f66af77ac76a13","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5e26ee4dfc545a6b6f66af77ac76a13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1965255/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220846473.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220846473.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":149,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787578169","https://openalex.org/W1893553316","https://openalex.org/W1973976214","https://openalex.org/W1983773762","https://openalex.org/W1984840170","https://openalex.org/W1990650777","https://openalex.org/W1994565268","https://openalex.org/W2003917660","https://openalex.org/W2035174146","https://openalex.org/W2044273443","https://openalex.org/W2052088120","https://openalex.org/W2056522368","https://openalex.org/W2061023201","https://openalex.org/W2061360993","https://openalex.org/W2061626698","https://openalex.org/W2061820904","https://openalex.org/W2063286087","https://openalex.org/W2067782182","https://openalex.org/W2067889106","https://openalex.org/W2085752080","https://openalex.org/W2093194698","https://openalex.org/W2106211278","https://openalex.org/W2106954430","https://openalex.org/W2110644830","https://openalex.org/W2113265601","https://openalex.org/W2114257154","https://openalex.org/W2119721768","https://openalex.org/W2121040053","https://openalex.org/W2127970124","https://openalex.org/W2139150306","https://openalex.org/W2160992350","https://openalex.org/W2161297853","https://openalex.org/W2169230201","https://openalex.org/W2278494355","https://openalex.org/W2336176800","https://openalex.org/W2401656403","https://openalex.org/W2440146477","https://openalex.org/W2517867906","https://openalex.org/W2548368937","https://openalex.org/W2560069816","https://openalex.org/W2606801671","https://openalex.org/W2725029163","https://openalex.org/W2727968057","https://openalex.org/W2729679738","https://openalex.org/W2775446200","https://openalex.org/W2779252924","https://openalex.org/W2781447571","https://openalex.org/W2791895035","https://openalex.org/W2794508760","https://openalex.org/W2795164109","https://openalex.org/W2802377817","https://openalex.org/W2893194863","https://openalex.org/W2896119560","https://openalex.org/W2904513629","https://openalex.org/W2910151562","https://openalex.org/W2910546024","https://openalex.org/W2915463332","https://openalex.org/W2923692716","https://openalex.org/W2935685937","https://openalex.org/W2939883449","https://openalex.org/W2943913768","https://openalex.org/W2951402927","https://openalex.org/W2951578310","https://openalex.org/W2952283121","https://openalex.org/W2955367868","https://openalex.org/W2963411084","https://openalex.org/W2971763104","https://openalex.org/W2986064537","https://openalex.org/W2988996209","https://openalex.org/W2991275211","https://openalex.org/W3002409119","https://openalex.org/W3004855479","https://openalex.org/W3005697207","https://openalex.org/W3006434445","https://openalex.org/W3008694505","https://openalex.org/W3015345440","https://openalex.org/W3016168529","https://openalex.org/W3024190409","https://openalex.org/W3037241123","https://openalex.org/W3090580626","https://openalex.org/W3094110589","https://openalex.org/W3095107698","https://openalex.org/W3096956549","https://openalex.org/W3110953523","https://openalex.org/W3120731803","https://openalex.org/W3123433215","https://openalex.org/W3165562685","https://openalex.org/W3173674834","https://openalex.org/W3177029849","https://openalex.org/W3182846223","https://openalex.org/W3193856687","https://openalex.org/W3209600586","https://openalex.org/W3212496378","https://openalex.org/W3215235377","https://openalex.org/W4200444512","https://openalex.org/W4210368582","https://openalex.org/W4220788519","https://openalex.org/W4248251600","https://openalex.org/W4281686334","https://openalex.org/W4284888343","https://openalex.org/W4293748223","https://openalex.org/W4319985158","https://openalex.org/W4321378071","https://openalex.org/W4327588008","https://openalex.org/W4363646104","https://openalex.org/W4367323327","https://openalex.org/W4378172759","https://openalex.org/W4385157105","https://openalex.org/W4385684276","https://openalex.org/W4385720983","https://openalex.org/W4386244431","https://openalex.org/W4386546545","https://openalex.org/W4387296989","https://openalex.org/W4388574391","https://openalex.org/W4389339399","https://openalex.org/W4390777528","https://openalex.org/W4391500421","https://openalex.org/W4392458726","https://openalex.org/W4392854241","https://openalex.org/W4393317881","https://openalex.org/W4398238099","https://openalex.org/W4400103559","https://openalex.org/W4400273676","https://openalex.org/W4402000175","https://openalex.org/W4402522737","https://openalex.org/W4402681677","https://openalex.org/W4405587019","https://openalex.org/W4409147981","https://openalex.org/W4409381289","https://openalex.org/W4410075492","https://openalex.org/W4410133521","https://openalex.org/W4410965071","https://openalex.org/W4412176241","https://openalex.org/W4412944176","https://openalex.org/W4413093772","https://openalex.org/W4414082331","https://openalex.org/W4415850968","https://openalex.org/W4416147256","https://openalex.org/W4416898764","https://openalex.org/W4417435872","https://openalex.org/W7124598639","https://openalex.org/W7128396229","https://openalex.org/W7130858939","https://openalex.org/W7140111621","https://openalex.org/W7152087437","https://openalex.org/W7158287482","https://openalex.org/W7158700194","https://openalex.org/W7160118305","https://openalex.org/W7162423659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506261276","https://openalex.org/W3124779313","https://openalex.org/W2267251307","https://openalex.org/W2083079105","https://openalex.org/W2188315384","https://openalex.org/W2991731966","https://openalex.org/W4224291887","https://openalex.org/W2278494355","https://openalex.org/W2083848283","https://openalex.org/W2071253158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bronchopulmonary":[0],"dysplasia":[1],"(BPD),":[2],"the":[3,28,34,77,88,119,136,156,161,164,172,200,215,223,238,242,251,257],"most":[4,35],"common":[5,36],"chronic":[6],"lung":[7,25,69,152],"disease":[8,18],"of":[9,38,46,107,163,171,225],"prematurity,":[10],"is":[11,59,145,195,263],"at":[12],"its":[13],"mechanistic":[14],"core":[15],"an":[16,62],"immune-developmental":[17],"in":[19,191,260],"which":[20,261],"inflammatory":[21,63,90],"injury":[22],"disrupts":[23],"normal":[24],"maturation.":[26],"In":[27],"United":[29],"States,":[30],"BPD":[31,85,148],"remains":[32],"among":[33],"morbidities":[37],"very":[39],"preterm":[40,192],"birth,":[41],"affecting":[42],"a":[43,74,104,180],"substantial":[44],"proportion":[45],"infants":[47,54],"born":[48,56],"before":[49,57],"32":[50],"weeks\u2019":[51],"gestation.":[52],"These":[53],"are":[55],"alveolarization":[58],"complete,":[60],"into":[61],"environment":[64],"that":[65,83,142,155,175],"can":[66],"impair":[67],"ongoing":[68],"development.":[70],"This":[71],"review":[72],"advances":[73],"single":[75],"thesis:":[76],"heterogeneous":[78],"prenatal":[79],"and":[80,87,99,113,131,154,222,237,245,256],"postnatal":[81],"insults":[82],"precede":[84],"(chorioamnionitis":[86],"fetal":[89],"response":[91],"syndrome,":[92],"Ureaplasma":[93],"colonization,":[94],"hyperoxia,":[95],"mechanical":[96],"ventilation,":[97],"sepsis,":[98],"intestinal":[100],"dysbiosis)":[101],"converge":[102],"on":[103,160,169],"small":[105],"number":[106],"innate":[108],"sensing":[109],"pathways,":[110],"principally":[111],"TLR2":[112],"TLR4":[114],"signaling":[115,239],"through":[116],"NF-\u03baB":[117],"to":[118],"NLRP3":[120,243],"inflammasome":[121,138],"\u2014":[122,179,228],"with":[123],"parallel":[124],"sterile":[125],"inputs":[126],"(mitochondrial":[127],"reactive":[128],"oxygen":[129],"species":[130],"additional":[132],"pattern-recognition":[133],"receptors)":[134],"feeding":[135],"same":[137],"node.":[139],"We":[140,248],"argue":[141],"this":[143],"convergence":[144],"what":[146],"separates":[147],"from":[149],"ordinary":[150],"neonatal":[151],"injury,":[153],"outcome":[157],"depends":[158],"less":[159],"magnitude":[162],"initiating":[165],"injurious":[166],"hits":[167],"than":[168],"failure":[170],"resolution":[173],"program":[174],"should":[176],"terminate":[177],"them":[178],"hypothesis":[181],"supported":[182],"by":[183],"convergent":[184],"preclinical":[185],"evidence":[186],"but":[187],"not":[188],"yet":[189],"established":[190],"infants.":[193],"Evidence":[194],"assembled":[196],"across":[197],"three":[198],"domains:":[199],"cellular":[201],"substrate":[202],"(M1-skewed,":[203],"classically":[204],"activated\u2013like":[205],"alveolar":[206],"macrophages,":[207],"NETs,":[208],"Th17/Treg":[209],"imbalance,":[210],"deficient":[211],"transplacental":[212],"IgG":[213],"transfer);":[214],"mediator":[216],"network":[217],"(IL-1\u03b2,":[218],"IL-6,":[219],"IL-8,":[220],"TNF-\u03b1,":[221],"loss":[224],"endogenous":[226],"brakes":[227],"specialized":[229],"pro-resolving":[230],"mediators,":[231],"IL-37,":[232],"Nrf2,":[233],"short-chain":[234],"fatty":[235],"acids);":[236],"architecture":[240],"(NF-\u03baB,":[241],"inflammasome,":[244],"trained":[246],"immunity).":[247],"also":[249],"discuss":[250],"mechanistically":[252],"supported,":[253],"druggable":[254],"nodes":[255],"developmental":[258],"phase":[259],"each":[262],"engageable.":[264]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}