{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220845565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","title":"Individual- and community-level factors associated with intimate partner controlling behavior among women in Somaliland: a multilevel analysis of the 2020 Somaliland demographic and health survey","display_name":"Individual- and community-level factors associated with intimate partner controlling behavior among women in Somaliland: a multilevel analysis of the 2020 Somaliland demographic and health survey","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220845565","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908928","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13683605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010634490","display_name":"Abdulkadir Mohamed Nuh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9455-3610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9455-3610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246527472","display_name":"University of Hargeisa","ror":"https://ror.org/023tegq12","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkadir Mohamed Nuh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Graduate Studies, University of Hargeisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Graduate Studies, University of Hargeisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130337897","display_name":"Abdirashid Muhumed Guled","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129592236","display_name":"Amoud University","ror":"https://ror.org/034a2ss16","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdirashiid Muhumed Guled","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5153113393","display_name":"Mohamed Abdilahi Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3749-6356","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3749-6356"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129810703","display_name":"Gollis University","ror":"https://ror.org/037ykcx09","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129810703"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdilahi Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Graduate Studies and Research, Gollis University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Graduate Studies and Research, Gollis University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129810703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121423525","display_name":"Abdisalam Mahdi Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0185-5720","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0185-5720"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129592236","display_name":"Amoud University","ror":"https://ror.org/034a2ss16","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdisalam Hassan Muse","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124043526","display_name":"Hamse Arab Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2173-8694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2173-8694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129592236","display_name":"Amoud University","ror":"https://ror.org/034a2ss16","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamse Arab Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124717270","display_name":"Hamse Adam Abdi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246527472","display_name":"University of Hargeisa","ror":"https://ror.org/023tegq12","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamse Adam Abdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Hargeisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Hargeisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053862366","display_name":"Abdeta Muktar Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8264-0703","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8264-0703"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246527472","display_name":"University of Hargeisa","ror":"https://ror.org/023tegq12","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdeta Muktar Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Hargeisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Hargeisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127851478","display_name":"Omran Salih","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-5502","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-5502"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246527472","display_name":"University of Hargeisa","ror":"https://ror.org/023tegq12","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omran Salih","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Hargeisa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Hargeisa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146693105","display_name":"Ridwan A. Mohamed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129592236","display_name":"Amoud University","ror":"https://ror.org/034a2ss16","country_code":"SO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}],"countries":["SO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ridwan A. Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, Amoud University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129592236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010634490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246527472"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"1953781","last_page":"1953781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10380","display_name":"Intimate Partner and Family Violence","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13582","display_name":"Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13632","display_name":"Marriage and Sexual Relationships","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coercive-control","display_name":"coercive control","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intimate-partner-violence","display_name":"intimate partner violence","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-autonomy","display_name":"women's autonomy","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somaliland","display_name":"Somaliland","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-factors","display_name":"personal factors","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-factors","display_name":"community factors","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-wealth","display_name":"household wealth","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-marriage","display_name":"age at marriage","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"pregnancy","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-norms","display_name":"gender norms","score":0.41100001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-empowerment","display_name":"women's empowerment","score":0.43299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-against-women","display_name":"violence against women","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygamy","display_name":"polygamy","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-health-and-well-being","display_name":"women's health and well-being","score":0.33799999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.6136999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.6082000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5763999819755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.576200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.5462999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.48030000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139134214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3652044","display_name":"Multistage sampling","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5733905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10744315","display_name":"Survey sampling","level":3,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542059537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156537","display_name":"Domestic violence","level":4,"score":0.3239000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Statistical significance","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183380357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776598","display_name":"Cluster sampling","level":3,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066511","descriptor_name":"Intimate Partner Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066511","descriptor_name":"Intimate Partner Violence","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003068","descriptor_name":"Coercion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012998","descriptor_name":"Somalia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055361","descriptor_name":"Multilevel Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13683605","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13683605/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13683605/pdf/fpubh-14-1953781.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Public Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42908928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42908928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in public health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61d738e1394f44549423a42ac61f1fc9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61d738e1394f44549423a42ac61f1fc9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health, Vol 14 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/public-health/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1953781/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595931848","display_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","issn_l":"2296-2565","issn":["2296-2565"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Public Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.9444000124931335,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220845565.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220845565.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1993503567","https://openalex.org/W2034122271","https://openalex.org/W2079169405","https://openalex.org/W2161570318","https://openalex.org/W2302339606","https://openalex.org/W2310989918","https://openalex.org/W2520828559","https://openalex.org/W2616327514","https://openalex.org/W2747713769","https://openalex.org/W2769109332","https://openalex.org/W2782549575","https://openalex.org/W2923473714","https://openalex.org/W2961633842","https://openalex.org/W2967404619","https://openalex.org/W2990619035","https://openalex.org/W3102679383","https://openalex.org/W3119330291","https://openalex.org/W3153985858","https://openalex.org/W3165735865","https://openalex.org/W3217379694","https://openalex.org/W4220830684","https://openalex.org/W4221104882","https://openalex.org/W4223562594","https://openalex.org/W4225915173","https://openalex.org/W4294786654","https://openalex.org/W4301393960","https://openalex.org/W4312098315","https://openalex.org/W4317851403","https://openalex.org/W4320493678","https://openalex.org/W4365442865","https://openalex.org/W4377205884","https://openalex.org/W4396829480","https://openalex.org/W4399203445","https://openalex.org/W4399257878","https://openalex.org/W4403099741","https://openalex.org/W4409665719","https://openalex.org/W4410416986","https://openalex.org/W4411989298","https://openalex.org/W4412891675","https://openalex.org/W4413270742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410416986","https://openalex.org/W4412891675","https://openalex.org/W4413270742","https://openalex.org/W4409665719","https://openalex.org/W7221282955","https://openalex.org/W4406424579","https://openalex.org/W2747713769","https://openalex.org/W4388784127","https://openalex.org/W4210302016","https://openalex.org/W3217379694"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Intimate":[1],"partner":[2,22,180,215],"controlling":[3,216],"behavior":[4],"(IPCB)":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7],"key":[8],"manifestation":[9],"of":[10,20,76,128,171,202,240],"coercive":[11,266],"control":[12,267],"and":[13,33,39,55,59,106,116,188,194,225,231,260,268],"an":[14,221],"important":[15,222],"precursor":[16],"to":[17,51,264],"other":[18],"forms":[19],"intimate":[21,214],"violence.":[23],"Despite":[24],"its":[25],"adverse":[26],"consequences":[27],"for":[28,246],"women's":[29,238,251],"autonomy,":[30,253],"mental":[31],"health,":[32],"well-being,":[34],"evidence":[35],"on":[36],"the":[37,53,57,244],"prevalence":[38,54,75,84],"factors":[40,61,233],"associated":[41,62,198,236],"with":[42,63,97,199,237],"IPCB":[43,64,77,219],"in":[44,68,190,207,211],"Somaliland":[45,212],"remains":[46],"limited.":[47],"This":[48],"study":[49],"aimed":[50],"estimate":[52],"identify":[56],"individual-":[58,230],"community-level":[60,232],"among":[65],"ever-married":[66,209],"women":[67,107,210],"Somaliland.":[69],"Methods:":[70],"<":[71],"0.05.":[72],"Results:":[73],"The":[74],"was":[78],"26.7%":[79],"(95%":[80],"CI:":[81,94,104,114,123,139,147,158,167,178,186],"25.8-27.6%;":[82],"unweighted":[83],"25.1%).":[85],"Women":[86],"aged":[87],"25-29":[88],"years":[89,153,162],"(AOR":[90,100,110,119,135,143,154,163,174,182],"=":[91,101,111,120,136,144,155,164,175,183],"1.60,":[92],"95%":[93,103,113,122,138,146,157,166,177,185],"1.01-2.53),":[95],"those":[96],"primary":[98],"education":[99],"1.70,":[102],"1.44-2.00),":[105],"from":[108],"middle-":[109],"1.46,":[112],"1.20-1.77)":[115],"rich-wealth":[117],"households":[118],"1.56,":[121],"1.30-1.88)":[124],"had":[125],"higher":[126],"odds":[127,201,239],"experiencing":[129,241],"IPCB.":[130,203],"Conversely,":[131],"joint":[132],"healthcare":[133],"decision-making":[134,252],"0.69,":[137],"0.60-0.79),":[140],"current":[141],"pregnancy":[142],"0.73,":[145],"0.63-0.85),":[148],"marriage":[149],"at":[150],"ages":[151],"19-26":[152],"0.71,":[156],"0.63-0.80)":[159],"or":[160],">26":[161],"0.63,":[165],"0.49-0.81),":[168],"household":[169],"size":[170],"4-7":[172],"members":[173],"0.81,":[176],"0.71-0.92),":[179],"employment":[181],"0.77,":[184],"0.68-0.87),":[187],"residence":[189],"Marodijeh,":[191],"Togdheer,":[192],"Sool,":[193],"Sanaag":[195],"regions":[196],"were":[197,234],"lower":[200],"Conclusion:":[204],"Approximately":[205],"one":[206],"four":[208],"experienced":[213],"behavior,":[217],"underscoring":[218],"as":[220],"public":[223],"health":[224],"gender":[226,270],"equality":[227],"concern.":[228],"Both":[229],"significantly":[235],"IPCB,":[242],"highlighting":[243],"need":[245],"multilevel":[247],"interventions":[248],"that":[249],"strengthen":[250],"delay":[254],"early":[255],"marriage,":[256],"promote":[257],"girls'":[258],"education,":[259],"implement":[261],"context-specific":[262],"strategies":[263],"prevent":[265],"advance":[269],"equality.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-08T00:00:00"}
