{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220811675","doi":null,"title":"The crime of forging academic certificates in light of the criminal policy of the Iraqi legislator (A comparative study)","display_name":"The crime of forging academic certificates in light of the criminal policy of the Iraqi legislator (A comparative study)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220811675"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mjcls.www.uomisan.edu.iq:article/532","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/view/532","pdf_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/download/532/503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387292091","display_name":"MIsan Journal of Comparative Legal Studies","issn_l":"2521-4675","issn":["2521-4675"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662834","host_organization_name":"University of Misan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Misan"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.61266/mjcls.v14i1-2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/download/532/503","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157758435","display_name":"\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a, \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157758435"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8028873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.9761000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11876","display_name":"Legal Studies and Policies","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminal-policy","display_name":"criminal policy","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-gaps","display_name":"legislative gaps","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-criminal-law","display_name":"comparative criminal law","score":0.753000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781287902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4175034","display_name":"Legislator","level":3,"score":0.7494999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96494537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193057","display_name":"Forging","level":2,"score":0.6435999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5931000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5893999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4361000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992398822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404417","display_name":"Criminal liability","level":3,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157833","display_name":"Embezzlement","level":3,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83009810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11204","display_name":"Legislature","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:mjcls.www.uomisan.edu.iq:article/532","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/view/532","pdf_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/download/532/503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387292091","display_name":"MIsan Journal of Comparative Legal Studies","issn_l":"2521-4675","issn":["2521-4675"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662834","host_organization_name":"University of Misan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Misan"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.61266/mjcls.v14i1-2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mjcls.www.uomisan.edu.iq:article/532","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/view/532","pdf_url":"https://uomisan.edu.iq/law/mjcls/index.php/mjcls/article/download/532/503","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387292091","display_name":"MIsan Journal of Comparative Legal Studies","issn_l":"2521-4675","issn":["2521-4675"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662834","host_organization_name":"University of Misan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Misan"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.61266/mjcls.v14i1-2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220811675.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220811675.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384073273","https://openalex.org/W7217679316","https://openalex.org/W7159674490","https://openalex.org/W7221466129","https://openalex.org/W4411784816","https://openalex.org/W3019005262","https://openalex.org/W7165781096","https://openalex.org/W4361975863","https://openalex.org/W2943360011","https://openalex.org/W7131357558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631":[0],"\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[1],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[2,28,40,144],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[3,29],"\u060c":[4,22,42,55,73],"\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632":[5],"\u062d\u0648\u0644":[6],"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[7],"\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641":[8],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639":[9,47,79],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a":[10,52],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a":[11,48,80],"\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647":[12],"\u0641\u064a":[13,37,49,93,126,134],"\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0647":[14],"\u0645\u0639":[15,120],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645":[16],"\u063a\u064a\u0631":[17,91],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639":[18],"\u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a":[19,53,61,133],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629":[20,54,88,109],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627":[21],"\u0648\u0642\u062f":[23],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641":[24],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b":[25],"\u0645\u0646":[26,39,57,96,103,112,123,139,148],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[27,140,149],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641":[30],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[31,142],"\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629":[32],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[33],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631":[34],"\u0623\u062b\u0631":[35],"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f":[38],"\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629":[41],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0649":[43],"\u0623\u064a":[44],"\u0645\u062f\u0649":[45],"\u0648\u0641\u0642":[46],"\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621":[51],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645":[56],"\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f":[58],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a":[59],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629":[60],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629":[62],"\u062f\u0648\u0646":[63],"\u0623\u0646":[64],"\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646":[65],"\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643":[66],"\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[67],"\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629":[68],"\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627":[69],"\u0623\u0648":[70],"\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629":[71],"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627":[72],"\u0648\u0645\u0627":[74,89],"\u0644\u0641\u062a":[75],"\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u064a":[76],"\u0647\u0648":[77,155],"\u0625\u0646":[78],"\u0644\u0645":[81],"\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646":[82],"\u0645\u0627":[83],"\u064a\u0639\u062f":[84,90],"\u0636\u0645\u0646":[85],"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a":[87,108],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[92,147],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629":[94],"(288)":[95],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[97],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c":[99,136],"\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643":[100,137],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[101],"\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062f":[102],"\u0631\u0633\u0645":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637":[105],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644":[106],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[107],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646":[110],"\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627":[111],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a":[113],"\u062d\u0633\u0628":[114],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639":[115],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[116,128],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[117,129],"\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647":[118],"\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c":[119],"\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f":[121],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f":[122],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a":[124,145],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631":[125],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[127],"\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631":[130],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[131],"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629":[132],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[135],"\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644":[138],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627":[141],"\u0633\u062f":[143],"\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a":[146],"\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d":[150],"\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[151],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[152],"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644":[153],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[154],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-08T09:06:37.294493","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
