{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220807690","doi":null,"title":"The impact of Facebook privacy settings knowledge on personal information disclosure of first-year IT students at Nelson Mandela University","display_name":"The impact of Facebook privacy settings knowledge on personal information disclosure of first-year IT students at Nelson Mandela University","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220807690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/2042731","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2042731","pdf_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/dfcd3b1d-7fbc-4a51-98c5-2fd43a383e71/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/dfcd3b1d-7fbc-4a51-98c5-2fd43a383e71/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157716268","display_name":"A Ndzondzo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ndzondzo, A","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157716268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71024563,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-information-disclosure","display_name":"personal information disclosure","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-calculus","display_name":"privacy calculus","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-behavioral-control","display_name":"perceived behavioral control","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-benefits","display_name":"perceived benefits","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-risks","display_name":"privacy risks","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-social-networks","display_name":"social networking sites","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-awareness","display_name":"privacy awareness","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection","display_name":"data protection","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-social-pressure","display_name":"perceived social pressure","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169093310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3702971","display_name":"Personally identifiable information","level":2,"score":0.6868000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.6014999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.592199981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017597292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25052250","display_name":"Privacy protection","level":2,"score":0.33489999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778646435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170612","display_name":"Personal network","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776604539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6423395","display_name":"Knowledge sharing","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131158328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307337","display_name":"Social influence","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156571341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2905785","display_name":"Cyberpsychology","level":3,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892912","display_name":"Self-disclosure","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778568292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7727275","display_name":"The Conceptual Framework","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/2042731","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2042731","pdf_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/dfcd3b1d-7fbc-4a51-98c5-2fd43a383e71/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/2042731","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10948/2042731","pdf_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/dfcd3b1d-7fbc-4a51-98c5-2fd43a383e71/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328240","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220807690.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220807690.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":161,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72288549","https://openalex.org/W170783238","https://openalex.org/W596895264","https://openalex.org/W1507592641","https://openalex.org/W1516075050","https://openalex.org/W1523066684","https://openalex.org/W1546623049","https://openalex.org/W1788236294","https://openalex.org/W1820095901","https://openalex.org/W1905944507","https://openalex.org/W1954337978","https://openalex.org/W1964998847","https://openalex.org/W1965369648","https://openalex.org/W1969105374","https://openalex.org/W1970582074","https://openalex.org/W1971425934","https://openalex.org/W1973511475","https://openalex.org/W1979449984","https://openalex.org/W1986606224","https://openalex.org/W1991741230","https://openalex.org/W1994630907","https://openalex.org/W1998243764","https://openalex.org/W1998485971","https://openalex.org/W2000507017","https://openalex.org/W2001291637","https://openalex.org/W2001793394","https://openalex.org/W2011130875","https://openalex.org/W2013463602","https://openalex.org/W2014812174","https://openalex.org/W2016376982","https://openalex.org/W2017337836","https://openalex.org/W2023087830","https://openalex.org/W2025551504","https://openalex.org/W2026440379","https://openalex.org/W2027488262","https://openalex.org/W2028104888","https://openalex.org/W2031889621","https://openalex.org/W2039669983","https://openalex.org/W2044833080","https://openalex.org/W2045721947","https://openalex.org/W2048751381","https://openalex.org/W2054513724","https://openalex.org/W2057114292","https://openalex.org/W2057364222","https://openalex.org/W2065705685","https://openalex.org/W2066799809","https://openalex.org/W2076790369","https://openalex.org/W2080335885","https://openalex.org/W2083439074","https://openalex.org/W2090704724","https://openalex.org/W2096178490","https://openalex.org/W2098589680","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2103518672","https://openalex.org/W2104554137","https://openalex.org/W2107522226","https://openalex.org/W2111614279","https://openalex.org/W2111617027","https://openalex.org/W2111952268","https://openalex.org/W2115950915","https://openalex.org/W2116086685","https://openalex.org/W2118994807","https://openalex.org/W2119486295","https://openalex.org/W2129479611","https://openalex.org/W2134316435","https://openalex.org/W2147415539","https://openalex.org/W2149425980","https://openalex.org/W2151370135","https://openalex.org/W2155864340","https://openalex.org/W2162739331","https://openalex.org/W2163661494","https://openalex.org/W2164107853","https://openalex.org/W2166982098","https://openalex.org/W2169181428","https://openalex.org/W2170905535","https://openalex.org/W2175079103","https://openalex.org/W2183587245","https://openalex.org/W2199150473","https://openalex.org/W2295172840","https://openalex.org/W2311964419","https://openalex.org/W2325206550","https://openalex.org/W2336398950","https://openalex.org/W2339775098","https://openalex.org/W2417359381","https://openalex.org/W2476571672","https://openalex.org/W2486247626","https://openalex.org/W2503866476","https://openalex.org/W2513202551","https://openalex.org/W2522559588","https://openalex.org/W2526717647","https://openalex.org/W2565866486","https://openalex.org/W2565958578","https://openalex.org/W2586858771","https://openalex.org/W2607953113","https://openalex.org/W2609748155","https://openalex.org/W2743262566","https://openalex.org/W2754035777","https://openalex.org/W2766776918","https://openalex.org/W2779365023","https://openalex.org/W2795464298","https://openalex.org/W2795828225","https://openalex.org/W2800841141","https://openalex.org/W2804687044","https://openalex.org/W2805296824","https://openalex.org/W2820695984","https://openalex.org/W2883451474","https://openalex.org/W2899219468","https://openalex.org/W2901655382","https://openalex.org/W2904120826","https://openalex.org/W2904464315","https://openalex.org/W2909157981","https://openalex.org/W2911827901","https://openalex.org/W2913212759","https://openalex.org/W2923118580","https://openalex.org/W2944650404","https://openalex.org/W2965112710","https://openalex.org/W2973726786","https://openalex.org/W2986931944","https://openalex.org/W3001939477","https://openalex.org/W3026046871","https://openalex.org/W3034761930","https://openalex.org/W3035840895","https://openalex.org/W3037441317","https://openalex.org/W3044762928","https://openalex.org/W3095882890","https://openalex.org/W3096088938","https://openalex.org/W3100361586","https://openalex.org/W3107604982","https://openalex.org/W3113802023","https://openalex.org/W3124883010","https://openalex.org/W3125842030","https://openalex.org/W3126104810","https://openalex.org/W3127470756","https://openalex.org/W3138022469","https://openalex.org/W3192855505","https://openalex.org/W3206519990","https://openalex.org/W3208626441","https://openalex.org/W4200265130","https://openalex.org/W4205655903","https://openalex.org/W4206052637","https://openalex.org/W4212798074","https://openalex.org/W4220800262","https://openalex.org/W4224997456","https://openalex.org/W4237254037","https://openalex.org/W4242865215","https://openalex.org/W4248585822","https://openalex.org/W4281680222","https://openalex.org/W4281777953","https://openalex.org/W4285587316","https://openalex.org/W4285611685","https://openalex.org/W4309766467","https://openalex.org/W4315781385","https://openalex.org/W4318457133","https://openalex.org/W4320518695","https://openalex.org/W4360754992","https://openalex.org/W4399703464","https://openalex.org/W4400649468","https://openalex.org/W4404213205","https://openalex.org/W4409630595","https://openalex.org/W6921329824","https://openalex.org/W6921459840"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095157944","https://openalex.org/W3156468825","https://openalex.org/W2003020611","https://openalex.org/W2046435680","https://openalex.org/W1525773138","https://openalex.org/W3134113775","https://openalex.org/W2101837247","https://openalex.org/W2235718922","https://openalex.org/W2761380714","https://openalex.org/W7062674577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Facebook":[0,39,83,88,100,284],"is":[1,73],"a":[2,55,126,180,325,357,490],"social":[3,41,257,313],"networking":[4],"site":[5],"that":[6,232,271],"has":[7,373],"influenced":[8],"modern":[9],"digital":[10],"life":[11],"significantly.":[12],"It":[13,72],"was":[14,159,177,194],"designed":[15],"to":[16,23,75,86,161,196,239,250,264,301,318,334,348,365,379,387,394,423,430,468,600],"allow":[17],"users":[18,57,89],"all":[19],"over":[20],"the":[21,43,104,119,123,130,136,142,146,163,168,197,213,219,237,248,262,268,316,336,346,377,392,412,431,455,461,478,510,521,532,536,585,590,601],"world":[22],"connect":[24],"and":[25,30,36,52,61,135,212,221,242,256,276,287,295,308,315,332,363,414,427,439,448,475,502,507,545,557,559,570,576,587,598],"communicate":[26],"with":[27,345,376,531],"friends,":[28,566],"family,":[29],"communities":[31],"by":[32],"sharing":[33,105],"updates,":[34],"photos,":[35],"videos.":[37],"While":[38],"enables":[40],"connections,":[42],"abundance":[44],"of":[45,99,106,122,138,170,172,182,228,398,416,513,535,589],"information":[46,69,81,304],"disclosure":[47],"raises":[48],"concerns":[49],"about":[50,283],"privacy":[51,64,101,133,174,254,285,340,361],"security.":[53],"As":[54],"result,":[56],"must":[58],"exercise":[59],"caution":[60],"enhance":[62],"their":[63,91,210,303,445,452,472,542,568,596],"settings":[65,102,286],"when":[66],"disclosing":[67],"personal":[68,80,107],"on":[70,82,209,460],"Facebook.":[71],"critical":[74],"understand":[76],"why":[77],"people":[78],"divulge":[79],"in":[84,118],"order":[85],"help":[87,413,453],"safeguard":[90],"data.":[92],"Therefore,":[93,419],"this":[94,229,400,404,514],"study":[95,131,230],"investigates":[96],"how":[97],"knowledge":[98,169,211],"affects":[103],"information.":[108,252,266,320,337,350,367,381],"Only":[109],"Nelson":[110,188,498,522],"Mandela":[111,189,499,523],"University":[112,500,524],"first-year":[113,184],"IT":[114,185],"students":[115,186,279,298,323,355],"are":[116,273,281,290,299,489],"included":[117],"data":[120,533],"collection":[121],"study.":[124,402,515,537,602],"Following":[125],"thorough":[127],"literature":[128],"review,":[129],"adopted":[132],"calculus":[134],"theory":[137],"planned":[139],"behaviour":[140],"as":[141,165,167],"foundational":[143],"frameworks":[144],"for":[145,218,306,390,444,471,485,504,526,529,541,567,584,595],"conceptual":[147,198],"research":[148,199,405],"model.":[149,200],"Four":[150],"relationships":[151],"among":[152],"five":[153],"constructs":[154,164],"were":[155,203],"hypothesised.":[156],"A":[157,442],"questionnaire":[158],"created":[160],"assess":[162],"well":[166],"respondents":[171,202],"Facebook\u2019s":[173],"settings.":[175],"Data":[176],"gathered":[178],"from":[179,497,520],"sample":[181],"133":[183],"at":[187],"University.":[190],"Structural":[191],"equation":[192,215],"modelling":[193,216],"used":[195],"The":[201,225,593],"divided":[204],"into":[205],"two":[206],"groups":[207],"based":[208],"structural":[214],"repeated":[217],"Knowledgeable":[220,223,282,294,297,322,354],"Not":[222,291,296,353],"group.":[224],"overall":[226],"results":[227,269],"indicate":[231],"perceived":[233,243,329,370],"benefits":[234],"positively":[235,305],"influence":[236,261],"willingness":[238,249,263,317,333,347,364,378],"disclose":[240,251,265,302,319,335,349,366,380],"information,":[241],"behavioural":[244,330,371],"control":[245,331,372],"negatively":[246],"influences":[247],"Surprisingly,":[253],"risks":[255,341,362],"norms":[258,314],"do":[259],"not":[260,407,482],"Furthermore,":[267],"show":[270,309,324,356,424],"there":[272],"significant":[274],"differences":[275],"similarities":[277],"between":[278,312,328,360],"who":[280,289],"those":[288],"Knowledgeable.":[292],"Both":[293],"willing":[300],"benefits,":[307],"no":[310,343,374],"relationship":[311,327,344,359,375],"However,":[321,403],"negative":[326,358],"In":[338,351,368,548],"addition,":[339,369],"have":[342,408,483],"contrast,":[352],"iii":[382],"Acknowledgements":[383],"I":[384,420,450,465,480],"would":[385,406,421,466],"like":[386,422,467],"thank":[388,469],"myself":[389],"having":[391],"courage":[393],"chase":[395],"my":[396,425,550,554,560],"dream":[397],"completing":[399],"master\u2019s":[401],"been":[409],"possible":[410],"without":[411],"support":[415,447,508,569],"other":[417],"people.":[418],"great":[426],"humble":[428],"appreciation":[429],"following:":[432],"\u2022":[433,493,516,538,564,580,592],"My":[434,539,565],"promoters,":[435],"Prof.":[436,440,494],"Kerry-Lynn":[437],"Thomson":[438],"Reinhardt":[441],"Botha":[443],"patience,":[446],"guidance.":[449],"appreciate":[451],"during":[454,477,509],"challenging":[456],"times,":[457],"more":[458],"especially":[459,572],"academic":[462],"writing":[463],"challenges.":[464],"them":[470],"baby-steps":[473],"guidance":[474],"professionalism":[476],"process.":[479],"could":[481],"asked":[484],"better":[486],"promoters;":[487],"they":[488],"true":[491],"blessing.":[492],"Jenny":[495],"Clarence-Fincham":[496],"Teaching":[501],"Learning":[503],"her":[505],"assistance":[506],"early":[511],"years":[512],"Miss":[517],"Carmen":[518],"Stindt":[519],"Unit":[525],"Statistical":[527],"Consultation":[528],"assisting":[530],"analyses":[534],"Family,":[540],"sacrifices,":[543],"patience":[544],"continuous":[546],"support.":[547],"particular,":[549],"wife":[551],"Lindokuhle":[552],"Ndzondzo,":[553],"children":[555],"Nibonge":[556],"Sozingca,":[558],"sister,":[561],"Lorna":[562],"Ndzondzo.":[563],"motivation,":[571],"Dr":[573,577],"Luzuko":[574],"Tekeni":[575],"Bramley":[578],"Lemine.":[579],"Ms":[581],"Ricky":[582],"Woods":[583],"proofreading":[586],"editing":[588],"dissertation.":[591],"participants":[594],"time":[597],"contribution":[599],"iv":[603]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}