{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220801762","doi":null,"title":"The effects of iloprost treatment on molecular and neurocognitive responses to inhibited il-4r alpha function in a mouse model of trypanosomiasis","display_name":"The effects of iloprost treatment on molecular and neurocognitive responses to inhibited il-4r alpha function in a mouse model of trypanosomiasis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220801762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/11587","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10948/11587","pdf_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/507cfa95-8360-47af-b50b-9ae8284b0313/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/507cfa95-8360-47af-b50b-9ae8284b0313/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157715576","display_name":"Oluwashola Samuel Olaolu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olaolu, Oluwashola Samuel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157715576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosomiasis","display_name":"trypanosomiasis","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosoma-brucei-brucei","display_name":"Trypanosoma brucei brucei","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iloprost","display_name":"iloprost","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostacyclin-analogues","display_name":"prostacyclin analogues","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-4-receptor-alpha-inhibition","display_name":"IL-4 receptor alpha inhibition","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-13","display_name":"IL-13","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m2-macrophage-polarization","display_name":"M2 macrophage polarization","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurocognitive-impairment","display_name":"neurocognitive impairment","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-like-behavior","display_name":"anxiety-like behavior","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-memory","display_name":"reference memory","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-methylation","display_name":"DNA methylation","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-mechanisms","display_name":"epigenetic mechanisms","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefrontal-cortex","display_name":"prefrontal cortex","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hippocampus","display_name":"hippocampus","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164027704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3491837","display_name":"Proinflammatory cytokine","level":3,"score":0.5975000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.5687999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779502636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33244","display_name":"Trypanosoma brucei","level":3,"score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172467417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1670397","display_name":"Neurocognitive","level":3,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.4893999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87753298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17157137","display_name":"Neuroinflammation","level":3,"score":0.48890000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781128415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412050","display_name":"Prostacyclin","level":2,"score":0.426800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776925932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755122","display_name":"Neurodegeneration","level":3,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149588370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424673","display_name":"Autacoid","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207886595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456138","display_name":"Pathological","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778792689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203133","display_name":"African trypanosomiasis","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781103887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20817139","display_name":"Iloprost","level":3,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779491297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3338704","display_name":"Neurotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/11587","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10948/11587","pdf_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/507cfa95-8360-47af-b50b-9ae8284b0313/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za:10948/11587","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10948/11587","pdf_url":"https://dspacecris-nc1.mandela.ac.za/bitstreams/507cfa95-8360-47af-b50b-9ae8284b0313/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089438","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University Research Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328240","display_name":"Nelson Mandela University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328487","display_name":"Pa\u0144stwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny - Pa\u0144stwowy Instytut Badawczy","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3v9512"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220801762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220801762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501707787","https://openalex.org/W1511621286","https://openalex.org/W1514511794","https://openalex.org/W1979273476","https://openalex.org/W1984673216","https://openalex.org/W1987557775","https://openalex.org/W1988477462","https://openalex.org/W1999582393","https://openalex.org/W2029262008","https://openalex.org/W2029741050","https://openalex.org/W2031534534","https://openalex.org/W2036285305","https://openalex.org/W2037549116","https://openalex.org/W2037656587","https://openalex.org/W2043911718","https://openalex.org/W2051032969","https://openalex.org/W2058341787","https://openalex.org/W2060322770","https://openalex.org/W2060444257","https://openalex.org/W2069412263","https://openalex.org/W2069816821","https://openalex.org/W2077683637","https://openalex.org/W2081766968","https://openalex.org/W2087397006","https://openalex.org/W2096081005","https://openalex.org/W2130545007","https://openalex.org/W2134555567","https://openalex.org/W2146746703","https://openalex.org/W2148281263","https://openalex.org/W2168632939","https://openalex.org/W2171693071","https://openalex.org/W2497735565","https://openalex.org/W2613289396","https://openalex.org/W2621335817","https://openalex.org/W2760275927","https://openalex.org/W2901075687","https://openalex.org/W2913123789","https://openalex.org/W2918026097","https://openalex.org/W3022016967","https://openalex.org/W3140176073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7159838675","https://openalex.org/W4413333327","https://openalex.org/W7220802098","https://openalex.org/W4413015944","https://openalex.org/W1848799277","https://openalex.org/W2023100048","https://openalex.org/W1965359382","https://openalex.org/W2124182727","https://openalex.org/W2149050443","https://openalex.org/W2039631569"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,289,431,553],"development":[1],"of":[2,20,60,121,179,248,291,341,350,365,397,409,440,452,475,542,571,576,587],"neurological":[3],"disorders":[4],"following":[5],"trypanosome":[6,410,551],"brain":[7,402],"infection":[8,29,140],"has":[9,100],"been":[10],"recognized":[11],"for":[12,106,190,196,203,251,259,284,480,524],"over":[13],"a":[14,17,34,103,514,559],"century.":[15],"However,":[16],"comprehensive":[18],"understanding":[19],"the":[21,57,117,152,171,191,197,204,255,267,296,346,363,390,395,407,413,427,437,471,476,497,540,584],"neurocognitive":[22,162],"and":[23,30,47,82,92,112,124,145,168,174,200,224,240,263,274,286,300,311,318,348,355,423,429,444,450,466,473,483,499,508,519,534,537,545,568,578],"neuropathological":[24],"changes":[25],"associated":[26],"with":[27,151,217,234,353,379],"such":[28],"their":[31,225],"progression":[32],"remains":[33],"work":[35],"in":[36,148,161,295,329,344,362,377,389,400,412,426,447,470,496,516,562,565],"progress.":[37],"Concurrently,":[38],"there":[39,457],"is":[40,521],"ongoing":[41],"research":[42],"aimed":[43],"at":[44,461],"identifying":[45],"innovative":[46],"effective":[48],"trypanocidal":[49],"compounds.":[50],"Current":[51],"therapeutic":[52],"strategies":[53],"are":[54],"shifting":[55],"toward":[56],"pharmacological":[58],"activation":[59,570],"classical":[61],"macrophage":[62],"type-2":[63],"(M2)":[64],"phenotype":[65],"induced":[66,326,548],"by":[67,115,416,549],"IL-4":[68,354,465,512,533,579],"or":[69],"IL-13":[70,443,467,535],"anti-inflammatory":[71,88,526],"cytokines.":[72],"Unlike":[73],"proinflammatory":[74],"M1":[75],"macrophages,":[76],"which":[77],"contribute":[78,582],"to":[79,129,155,169,373,539,583],"chronic":[80],"inflammation":[81,328],"tissue":[83,113],"damage,":[84],"M2":[85,98],"macrophages":[86],"exhibit":[87],"properties,":[89],"promoting":[90],"healing":[91],"reducing":[93],"pathological":[94,159],"immune":[95,122],"responses.":[96],"Targeting":[97],"polarization":[99],"emerged":[101],"as":[102],"promising":[104],"strategy":[105],"treating":[107],"inflammatory":[108],"diseases,":[109],"neurodegenerative":[110],"disorders,":[111],"injuries,":[114],"leveraging":[116],"body's":[118],"innate":[119],"mechanisms":[120],"modulation":[123],"repair.":[125],"This":[126,501],"study":[127,199,432,502],"aims":[128],"investigate":[130],"whether":[131,157],"prostacyclin":[132,520],"analogue":[133],"(Iloprost)":[134],"treatment":[135,334,530],"against":[136,589],"CNS":[137,414,550],"Trypanosoma":[138,235],"brucei":[139,236],"would":[141],"beneficially":[142],"affect":[143],"cognitive":[144,517,546,590],"anxiety-like":[146,261,543],"behaviours":[147,544],"IL-4/IL-13-expressing":[149],"mice,":[150,331,368],"additional":[153],"aim":[154],"understand":[156],"trypanosome-induced":[158,510],"alterations":[160],"processes":[163],"can":[164],"be":[165],"therapeutically":[166],"reversed":[167,335,384],"delineate":[170],"underpinned":[172],"molecular":[173],"epigenetic":[175],"mechanisms.":[176],"A":[177],"total":[178],"eighty":[180],"male":[181],"albino":[182],"Swiss":[183],"mice":[184,195,202,216,243,352,567],"(8-10":[185],"weeks":[186],"old)":[187],"were":[188,208,257,282,314],"used":[189],"study,":[192],"comprising":[193],"sixteen":[194],"pilot":[198],"sixty-four":[201],"main":[205],"experiment.":[206],"They":[207],"divided":[209],"into":[210],"two":[211],"groups":[212,479],"(n=32":[213],"per":[214],"group);":[215],"pharmacologically":[218],"inhibited":[219],"interleukin":[220],"4":[221,231],"receptor":[222],"(IL-4R\u03b1\u2534)":[223],"wild-type":[226],"(WT)":[227],"littermates.":[228],"At":[229],"day":[230],"(D4)":[232],"post-infection":[233],"brucei,":[237],"both":[238,345,401,448,481,532],"WT":[239,453,482],"IL-4R\u03b1\u2534":[241,330,351,366,484],"infected":[242,367,478],"received":[244],"repeated":[245],"intraperitoneal":[246],"injections":[247],"Iloprost":[249,333,380,486,505,529,557,588],"(200\u03bcg/kg)":[250],"3":[252],"days.":[253],"Thereafter,":[254],"animals":[256],"assessed":[258,315],"locomotion,":[260],"behaviour":[262],"reference":[264],"memory":[265],"using":[266,306,316],"open":[268],"field":[269],"test,":[270],"elevated":[271],"plus":[272],"maze":[273],"novel":[275],"object":[276],"recognition":[277],"task":[278],"respectively.":[279,323],"Blood":[280],"samples":[281],"collected":[283],"parasitaemia":[285],"hemogram":[287],"tests.":[288],"expression":[290,310,360,388],"target":[292],"gene":[293,387,419],"transcripts":[294],"prefrontal":[297],"cortices":[298],"(PFC)":[299],"hippocampal":[301],"(HPC)":[302],"tissues":[303],"was":[304,458],"quantified":[305],"RT-PCR.":[307],"Also,":[308],"cytokine":[309],"methylation":[312,321],"profiling":[313],"ELISA":[317],"EZ":[319],"DNA":[320],"kits,":[322],"IL-4R":[324],"inhibition":[325],"systemic":[327],"whereas":[332],"this.":[336],"Molecular":[337],"analysis":[338],"reveals":[339],"downregulation":[340,396],"IL-4R\u03b1":[342,356,376,572],"genes":[343,357,399,446],"PFC":[347,391,428,449,472],"HPC":[349,364,451,474,498],"exhibiting":[358],"decreased":[359,494],"only":[361,383],"suggesting":[369],"distinct":[370],"regional":[371],"responses":[372],"infection.":[374,552],"Furthermore,":[375,528],"synergy":[378],"treatments":[381],"not":[382],"downregulated":[385],"BDNF":[386,445,577],"but":[392,492],"also":[393],"attenuated":[394],"TNF-\u03b1":[398,495],"regions,":[403],"while":[404],"simultaneously":[405],"suppressing":[406,563],"presence":[408],"parasites":[411],"parenchyma":[415],"decreasing":[417],"Pfr":[418],"expression,":[420],"NO,":[421],"NF-\u03baB":[422],"CXCL-10":[424],"levels":[425,491],"HPC.":[430],"further":[433],"revealed":[434,503],"hypomethylation":[435],"within":[436],"promoter":[438,468],"regions":[439,469],"IL-4,":[441],"IL-4R,":[442,464],"mice.":[454,485],"In":[455],"contrast,":[456],"significant":[459,560],"hypermethylation":[460],"xvi":[462],"TNF-\u03b1,":[463],"Iloprost-treated":[477],"significantly":[487],"(P<0.05)":[488],"increased":[489],"NF-kB":[490],"markedly":[493],"PFC.":[500],"that":[504,556,569],"promotes":[506],"angiogenesis":[507],"suppresses":[509],"inflammation.":[511],"plays":[513,558],"role":[515,561],"learning,":[518],"well":[522],"known":[523],"its":[525],"properties.":[527],"enhanced":[531],"signalling,":[536,580],"contributed":[538],"reversal":[541],"deficits":[547],"findings":[554],"suggest":[555],"neuroinflammation":[564],"trypanosome-infected":[566],"pathway":[573],"via":[574],"upregulation":[575],"may":[581],"neuroprotective":[585],"effects":[586],"challenge.":[591]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
