{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220779647","doi":null,"title":"The role of nuclear weapons in global security, against the backdrop of the development of modern technologies and current challenges","display_name":"The role of nuclear weapons in global security, against the backdrop of the development of modern technologies and current challenges","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220779647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:es.tsu.ge:81:article/272","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://es.tsu.ge/index.php/es/article/view/272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075566","display_name":"environment and society","issn_l":"2667-9620","issn":["2667-9620"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","host_organization_name":"Tbilisi State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2667-9620","raw_type":"Commentary"},"volume":null,"type":"editorial","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://es.tsu.ge/index.php/es/article/view/272","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087058026","display_name":"Alika Guchua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-9574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-9574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090041","display_name":"Caucasus International University","ror":"https://ror.org/00atp1s12","country_code":"GE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090041"]}],"countries":["GE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guchua  , Alika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caucasus International University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caucasus International University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087058026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13120","display_name":"Nuclear Issues and Defense","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13369","display_name":"European and Russian Geopolitical Military Strategies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12825","display_name":"Defense, Military, and Policy Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapons","display_name":"nuclear weapons","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-security","display_name":"nuclear security","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-non-proliferation","display_name":"nuclear nonproliferation","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-war-prevention","display_name":"nuclear war prevention","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/missile-systems","display_name":"missile systems","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preemptive-strikes","display_name":"preemptive strikes","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/russia-ukraine-war","display_name":"Russian invasion of Ukraine","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-korean-nuclear-program","display_name":"North Korean nuclear program","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-nuclear-program","display_name":"Iranian nuclear program","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-free-zone","display_name":"nuclear-free zone","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-test-ban","display_name":"nuclear test ban","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-deterrence","display_name":"nuclear deterrence","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-security-threats","display_name":"global security threats","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-nuclear-policy","display_name":"China nuclear policy","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.7052000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5669000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545171759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15141396","display_name":"Nuclear ethics","level":3,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776211767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117850","display_name":"Doctrine","level":2,"score":0.48429998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509929229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3312693","display_name":"International security","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11982227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201424","display_name":"Nuclear warfare","level":3,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122136912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179348","display_name":"Ballistic missile","level":3,"score":0.3273000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780105426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331662","display_name":"Disarmament","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986359222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8683","display_name":"Cold war","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59411770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242560","display_name":"Biological warfare","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C538168058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364056","display_name":"Arms control","level":2,"score":0.2906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780422510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027938","display_name":"Humanity","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156576523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348091","display_name":"Nuclear technology","level":3,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779872411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1774161","display_name":"International community","level":3,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778857364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974850","display_name":"Missile","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:es.tsu.ge:81:article/272","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://es.tsu.ge/index.php/es/article/view/272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075566","display_name":"environment and society","issn_l":"2667-9620","issn":["2667-9620"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","host_organization_name":"Tbilisi State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2667-9620","raw_type":"Commentary"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:es.tsu.ge:81:article/272","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://es.tsu.ge/index.php/es/article/view/272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407075566","display_name":"environment and society","issn_l":"2667-9620","issn":["2667-9620"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102808428","host_organization_name":"Tbilisi State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102808428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2667-9620","raw_type":"Commentary"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3043323149","https://openalex.org/W7163735938","https://openalex.org/W7125710059","https://openalex.org/W7057343984","https://openalex.org/W2993365664","https://openalex.org/W2970536168","https://openalex.org/W2913668307","https://openalex.org/W7107871143","https://openalex.org/W2737715330","https://openalex.org/W7067581928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,622,674],"the":[1,13,26,34,39,53,59,63,74,85,103,122,131,137,140,171,187,190,199,204,208,222,225,238,243,253,260,268,279,321,325,364,368,415,421,427,433,454,472,483,486,504,557,560,575,599,602,607,614,623,638,660,677],"modern":[2,96,143,605],"period,":[3],"many":[4],"threats":[5,123],"and":[6,15,30,47,66,113,124,159,182,221,265,267,315,320,386,407,426,440,510,569,594,649],"challenges":[7,27,125],"are":[8,19,436,441],"emerging":[9],"for":[10,248,302,389,462,500,506,523,542],"international":[11,134,338,680],"security,":[12,135],"prevention":[14],"management":[16],"of":[17,25,36,42,62,76,94,133,139,142,157,162,174,189,192,198,210,227,242,281,283,288,299,327,373,405,417,423,474,485,488,550,556,562,567,577,601,604,609,616,662],"which":[18,77,246,336,361,533,645,666],"becoming":[20],"increasingly":[21],"difficult.":[22],"The":[23,92,177,371,553,572],"scale":[24],"is":[28,31,71,78,232,257,293,297,308,355,378,446,521,619,646,668],"immense":[29],"exacerbated":[32],"by":[33,56,127,237,259,376,380],"policies":[35],"aggressive":[37,44,418],"states,":[38,477,580,585],"illicit":[40],"actions":[41],"regional":[43],"actors,":[45],"terrorists,":[46],"criminal":[48],"groups,":[49],"among":[50],"others.":[51],"Among":[52],"weapons":[54,129,149,375,399,509,549],"created":[55],"humanity":[57],"in":[58,99,130,367,414,453,546,612,659],"world,":[60,455],"one":[61],"most":[64],"powerful":[65],"destructive,":[67],"along":[68],"with":[69,203,224,324],"radiation,":[70],"nuclear":[72,128,148,167,193,213,228,240,284,291,305,313,328,334,346,359,374,384,428,466,476,508,512,515,564,570,578,584,586,591,617,663],"weapons,":[73,194,285,360],"arsenal":[75,314],"so":[79],"large":[80],"that":[81,271,495],"it":[82,307,341,354,520,667],"can":[83],"destroy":[84],"Earth":[86],"at":[87,273,537],"least":[88],"a":[89,152,166,212,249,350,402,408,529,641,647,684],"hundred":[90],"times.":[91,275],"process":[93],"developing":[95,538],"technologies,":[97,606],"especially":[98,195],"missile":[100,390,592],"systems,":[101,112,391],"increases":[102,420],"threat's":[104],"dimension":[105],"even":[106,234],"further,":[107],"as":[108,353,392,394,456,478,637],"their":[109,146,412,424,457,595],"speed,":[110],"stealth":[111],"destructive":[114,154],"effects":[115],"intensify.":[116],"This":[117,230,255],"paper":[118],"aims":[119],"to":[120,357,449,502,527,548,632,670],"present":[121],"posed":[126],"context":[132],"against":[136,598],"backdrop":[138,600],"development":[141,603],"technologies.":[144],"Since":[145],"creation,":[147],"have":[150,450,497],"been":[151,498],"powerful,":[153],"weapon":[155,579],"capable":[156],"destroying":[158],"harming":[160],"millions":[161],"people.":[163],"Accordingly,":[164],"preventing":[165],"war":[168,179],"should":[169,468,492,629],"be":[170,460,493,535],"main":[172],"task":[173],"all":[175],"states.":[176],"ongoing":[178,261],"between":[180,263,583],"Russia":[181],"Ukraine":[183,220],"has":[184],"further":[185,481],"increased":[186],"threat":[188,231,256,484],"use":[191,226,326,487],"when":[196,216],"officials":[197],"Russian":[200,244],"Federation,":[201,245],"starting":[202,211],"president,":[205],"often":[206],"mention":[207],"danger":[209],"war.":[214],"Especially":[215],"they":[217],"directly":[218],"threaten":[219],"West":[223],"weapons.":[229,329,490],"made":[233],"more":[235,539,631],"urgent":[236],"new":[239,475,642],"doctrine":[241],"provides":[247],"preemptive":[250],"strike":[251],"on":[252,278,383,471],"enemy.":[254],"compounded":[258],"tension":[262],"India":[264],"Pakistan":[266],"military":[269,396],"clashes":[270],"occur":[272],"different":[274],"China's":[276],"position":[277],"policy":[280],"non-proliferation":[282,429,587],"which,":[286],"instead":[287],"reducing":[289],"its":[290,295,312],"arsenal,":[292,296],"increasing":[294,311],"also":[298,348,447,682],"concern.":[300],"As":[301],"North":[303,330],"Korea's":[304],"policy,":[306,532],"like":[309],"China":[310],"permanently":[316],"threatening":[317],"South":[318],"Korea":[319,331],"United":[322],"States":[323],"conducts":[332],"prohibited":[333],"tests,":[335],"violate":[337],"norms,":[339],"but":[340],"blatantly":[342],"violates":[343],"them.":[344],"Iran's":[345],"program":[347],"poses":[349],"significant":[351,685],"threat,":[352,410],"trying":[356,499],"create":[358],"will":[362,480,534],"change":[363],"geopolitical":[365,525,625],"situation":[366],"Middle":[369],"East.":[370],"creation":[372,473],"Iran":[377],"prevented":[379],"Israeli":[381],"attacks":[382],"facilities":[385],"fuel":[387],"necessary":[388],"well":[393],"other":[395],"arsenals.":[397],"Nuclear":[398],"represent":[400],"both":[401],"certain":[403],"guarantee":[404],"security":[406,531,545,615,626],"great":[409],"since":[411],"presence":[413],"hands":[416],"states":[419,467,628],"risk":[422],"use,":[425],"treaties":[430],"concluded":[431],"during":[432],"Cold":[434],"War":[435],"gradually":[437],"being":[438,442,620],"repealed":[439],"flagrantly":[443],"violated.":[444],"It":[445,491],"important":[448],"nuclear-free":[451,589],"zones":[452],"expansion":[458],"would":[459],"beneficial":[461],"global":[463,524,544,653,672],"security.":[464,635,664,673],"Also,":[465],"not":[469],"work":[470],"this":[479,518,675],"increase":[482],"these":[489],"noted":[494],"terrorists":[496],"years":[501],"seize":[503],"technologies":[505],"creating":[507],"damage":[511],"facilities,":[513],"including":[514],"reactors.":[516],"At":[517],"time,":[519],"inevitable":[522],"players":[526,654],"develop":[528],"common":[530,634],"aimed":[536],"effective":[540],"mechanisms":[541],"achieving":[543],"relation":[547],"mass":[551],"destruction.":[552],"theoretical":[554],"basis":[555],"study":[558,573],"encompasses":[559],"theories":[561],"deterrence,":[563],"intimidation,":[565],"balance":[566],"power,":[568],"terror.":[571],"discusses":[574],"capabilities":[576],"political":[581],"relations":[582],"treaties,":[588],"zones,":[590],"systems":[593,618],"classification.":[596],"Additionally,":[597],"role":[608],"artificial":[610],"intelligence":[611],"enhancing":[613],"explored.":[621],"standard":[624],"framework,":[627],"cooperate":[630],"achieve":[633,671],"Even":[636],"world":[639,643],"forms":[640],"order,":[644],"complex":[648],"potentially":[650],"tense":[651],"process,":[652],"must":[655],"initiate":[656],"active":[657],"cooperation":[658],"direction":[661],"Without":[665],"impossible":[669],"format,":[676],"world's":[678],"leading":[679],"organisations":[681],"play":[683],"role.":[686]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}