{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220768131","doi":null,"title":"War Machine Learning - AI in Defence","display_name":"War Machine Learning - AI in Defence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220768131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utupub.fi:11111/58451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/11111/58451","pdf_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/bitstreams/db767701-3f17-4a8b-9a78-9dcdde2688a2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402470","display_name":"UTUPub (University of Turku)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","host_organization_name":"University of Turku","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/197835","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/bitstreams/db767701-3f17-4a8b-9a78-9dcdde2688a2/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093376051","display_name":"Lauri Vasankari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0107-3809","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0107-3809"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","display_name":"University of Turku","ror":"https://ror.org/05vghhr25","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vasankari, Lauri","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF TURKU Faculty of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093376051"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13904","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Applications","score":0.02199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14423","display_name":"Military Technology and Strategies","score":0.007499999832361937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-warfare","display_name":"artificial intelligence in warfare","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-ecosystems","display_name":"data ecosystems","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar-imagery","display_name":"sonar images","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"computer vision","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"reinforcement learning","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"federated learning","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundation-models","display_name":"foundation models","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crisp-dm","display_name":"CRISP-DM","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"data quality","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-fidelity-simulators","display_name":"high-fidelity simulators","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-machine-teaming","display_name":"human-machine teaming","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-governance","display_name":"data governance","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"interoperability","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.679099977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5016000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.41190001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utupub.fi:11111/58451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/11111/58451","pdf_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/bitstreams/db767701-3f17-4a8b-9a78-9dcdde2688a2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402470","display_name":"UTUPub (University of Turku)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","host_organization_name":"University of Turku","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/197835","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utupub.fi:11111/58451","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/11111/58451","pdf_url":"https://www.utupub.fi/bitstreams/db767701-3f17-4a8b-9a78-9dcdde2688a2/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402470","display_name":"UTUPub (University of Turku)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I155660961","host_organization_name":"University of Turku","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155660961"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.utupub.fi/handle/10024/197835","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220768131.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220768131.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195158235","https://openalex.org/W338803072","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1507817767","https://openalex.org/W1601081659","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1967005434","https://openalex.org/W1968106996","https://openalex.org/W1988468842","https://openalex.org/W1996265406","https://openalex.org/W1996707417","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2009677406","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2044743550","https://openalex.org/W2049291359","https://openalex.org/W2066334462","https://openalex.org/W2068936361","https://openalex.org/W2071128523","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2103212315","https://openalex.org/W2112507308","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2132453167","https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2150884987","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151290401","https://openalex.org/W2151298633","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2209255166","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2294798173","https://openalex.org/W2326279409","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2547631524","https://openalex.org/W2559440865","https://openalex.org/W2561317990","https://openalex.org/W2585592998","https://openalex.org/W2589306531","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2620014159","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2757596010","https://openalex.org/W2763282044","https://openalex.org/W2780382639","https://openalex.org/W2786672974","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2792435043","https://openalex.org/W2810335197","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2948982773","https://openalex.org/W2953490402","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2994256468","https://openalex.org/W3003931509","https://openalex.org/W3009635072","https://openalex.org/W3013207429","https://openalex.org/W3027879771","https://openalex.org/W3034555535","https://openalex.org/W3040645045","https://openalex.org/W3045704304","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3113102688","https://openalex.org/W3133450183","https://openalex.org/W3170820196","https://openalex.org/W3187567638","https://openalex.org/W3187939243","https://openalex.org/W3215139263","https://openalex.org/W4213358236","https://openalex.org/W4230765542","https://openalex.org/W4239448152","https://openalex.org/W4246379277","https://openalex.org/W4296904590","https://openalex.org/W4301877686","https://openalex.org/W4309674289","https://openalex.org/W4313201193","https://openalex.org/W4319725996","https://openalex.org/W4322718191","https://openalex.org/W4323670244","https://openalex.org/W4327571558","https://openalex.org/W4328137751","https://openalex.org/W4362514681","https://openalex.org/W4366208220","https://openalex.org/W4384199194","https://openalex.org/W4385743323","https://openalex.org/W4387424578","https://openalex.org/W4387543458","https://openalex.org/W4387561528","https://openalex.org/W4390667212","https://openalex.org/W4391091468","https://openalex.org/W4392014450","https://openalex.org/W4394688392","https://openalex.org/W4399199228","https://openalex.org/W4399693432","https://openalex.org/W4400764208","https://openalex.org/W4400896064","https://openalex.org/W4401016804","https://openalex.org/W4401829943","https://openalex.org/W4402221047","https://openalex.org/W4402280033","https://openalex.org/W4402638055","https://openalex.org/W4402669297","https://openalex.org/W4404964023","https://openalex.org/W4407230624","https://openalex.org/W4410334808","https://openalex.org/W4412076564","https://openalex.org/W4413207554","https://openalex.org/W4413444622","https://openalex.org/W4415318217","https://openalex.org/W4416497906","https://openalex.org/W6903028458","https://openalex.org/W6910554155","https://openalex.org/W6947991961","https://openalex.org/W7166200005"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6998913512","https://openalex.org/W2996159349","https://openalex.org/W4224307709","https://openalex.org/W4402075053","https://openalex.org/W4403278123","https://openalex.org/W7215609816","https://openalex.org/W4380785689","https://openalex.org/W4415187131","https://openalex.org/W3017480987","https://openalex.org/W3141009123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"dissertation":[1,111,224],"examines":[2],"the":[3,11,16,29,48,101,113,131,151,203,227,257],"development":[4],"and":[5,19,44,64,106,166,245,249,253,266,269],"integration":[6,229],"of":[7,163,215,230],"machine":[8],"learning":[9,39,42],"within":[10],"military":[12,24,77,126,184,233],"domain,":[13],"arguing":[14],"that":[15,52,75,91,160,226,242],"primary":[17],"constraint":[18],"greatest":[20],"opportunity":[21],"for":[22,117,124,153,193],"advancing":[23],"Artificial":[25],"Intelligence":[26],"(AI)":[27],"is":[28,54],"data":[30,61,93,155,168,240,252],"ecosystem.":[31],"Across":[32],"research":[33,158],"in":[34,206],"computer":[35],"vision":[36],"(CV),":[37],"reinforcement":[38],"(RL),":[40],"federated":[41],"(FL),":[43],"generative":[45],"AI":[46,78,127,231],"(GenAI),":[47],"analyses":[49],"consistently":[50],"show":[51],"progress":[53],"limited":[55],"by":[56],"systemic":[57],"issues":[58],"related":[59],"to":[60,73,86,146],"availability,":[62],"quality,":[63],"infrastructure.The":[65],"work":[66],"synthesizes":[67],"findings":[68,129],"from":[69,82,130],"six":[70],"original":[71],"publications":[72],"demonstrate":[74],"practical":[76],"requires":[79],"a":[80,87,95,122,161,177,189,210,238],"shift":[81],"an":[83,199,270],"algorithm-centric":[84],"view":[85],"holistic,":[88],"system-focused":[89],"perspective":[90],"treats":[92],"as":[94,121,188,260,262],"first-class":[96],"operational":[97,167],"capability.":[98],"To":[99],"bridge":[100],"gap":[102],"between":[103],"high-level":[104],"strategy":[105],"granular":[107],"technical":[108,258],"research,":[109],"this":[110,134,223],"adapts":[112],"Cross-Industry":[114],"Standard":[115],"Process":[116],"Data":[118],"Mining":[119],"(CRISP-DM)":[120],"framework":[123],"assessing":[125],"applications.Key":[128],"studies":[132],"validate":[133],"thesis.":[135],"A":[136],"CV":[137],"study":[138],"on":[139,179,236,247,256],"sonar":[140],"imagery":[141],"highlighted":[142],"model":[143,214],"failure":[144],"due":[145],"poor-quality":[147],"sensor":[148],"data,":[149],"underscoring":[150],"need":[152],"integrated":[154],"pipelines.":[156],"RL":[157],"revealed":[159],"lack":[162],"high-fidelity":[164],"simulators":[165],"hampers":[169],"real-world":[170],"transfer.":[171],"The":[172],"investigation":[173],"into":[174,232],"GenAI":[175],"identified":[176],"dependency":[178],"proprietary":[180],"models":[181],"misaligned":[182],"with":[183],"needs,":[185],"proposing":[186,209],"FL":[187],"secure,":[190],"collaborative":[191],"paradigm":[192],"developing":[194],"military-specific":[195],"foundation":[196],"models.":[197],"Finally,":[198],"ethical":[200],"analysis":[201],"addresses":[202],"\"reliability-oversight":[204],"paradox\"":[205],"autonomous":[207],"systems,":[208],"new":[211],"human-machine":[212],"teaming":[213],"human":[216],"support":[217],"rather":[218],"than":[219],"simple":[220],"oversight.In":[221],"conclusion,":[222],"claims":[225],"effective":[228],"forces":[234],"depends":[235],"building":[237],"robust":[239],"ecosystem":[241],"includes":[243],"expertise":[244],"understanding":[246,255],"doctrinal":[248],"policy-making":[250],"levels,":[251],"algorithm":[254],"level":[259],"well":[261],"governance,":[263],"operator-in-the-loop":[264],"feedback":[265],"annotation":[267],"mechanisms,":[268],"interoperable":[271],"infrastructure.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}