{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220735211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","title":"Diverse protoclusters at z \u223c 3 disclosed by systematic spectroscopy","display_name":"Diverse protoclusters at z \u223c 3 disclosed by systematic spectroscopy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220735211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033851360","display_name":"Jun Toshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-242X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-242X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Toshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-242X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University , 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119397188","display_name":"Kentaro Koretomo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5183-2945","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5183-2945"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kentaro Koretomo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5183-2945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022802003","display_name":"Nobunari Kashikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-4219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-4219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobunari Kashikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 ,","Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3954-4219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy, University of Tokyo , 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060901790","display_name":"Stijn Wuyts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stijn Wuyts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-1931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Bath , Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062416457","display_name":"Marcin Sawicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66890659","display_name":"Saint Mary's University","ror":"https://ror.org/010zh7098","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66890659"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Sawicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary\u2019s University , 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-7857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary\u2019s University , 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66890659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110730712","display_name":"M. N. Bremer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7085-0412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7085-0412"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malcolm N Bremer","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol , Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041308364","display_name":"Yoshiaki Ono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-7605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9011-7605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155299","display_name":"Institute for Cosmic Ray Research","ror":"https://ror.org/008td3p62","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155299","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiaki Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8582 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8582 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155299","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011093159","display_name":"Mariko Kubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-5292","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-5292"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206011266","display_name":"Kwansei Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qf2tx24","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariko Kubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University , Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330 ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-5292","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Science, Kwansei Gakuin University , Gakuen Uegahara, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1330 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206011266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024906672","display_name":"Tomoki Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1904-6055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1904-6055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90023481","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomoki Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Information and Communication Technologies , 893-1 Hirai, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-8501 ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Information and Communication Technologies , 893-1 Hirai, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-8501 ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90023481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3046},"apc_paid":{"value":2310,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":3046},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66049849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"552","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10477","display_name":"Astrophysics and Star Formation Studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10039","display_name":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protoclusters","display_name":"protoclusters","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-noon","display_name":"cosmic noon","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/galaxy-overdensity","display_name":"galaxy overdensity","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyman-alpha-equivalent-width","display_name":"Lyman-alpha equivalent width","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star-formation-quenching","display_name":"star formation quenching","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-formation-history","display_name":"cluster formation history","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-redshift-galaxies","display_name":"high-redshift galaxies","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9258000254631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.7815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.6783999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.6362000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.6208999752998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.599399983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.5503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156055797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204107","display_name":"Galaxy cluster","level":3,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121745418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585536","display_name":"Quenching (fluorescence)","level":3,"score":0.3499999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174802034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995140","display_name":"Galaxy formation and evolution","level":3,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125857072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16744","display_name":"Star formation","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.01816","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.01816","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.01816","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.01816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.01816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.01816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/mnras/stag1862","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195663288","display_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","issn_l":"0035-8711","issn":["0035-8711","1365-2966","1365-8711"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4474636675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX08AR22G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333962","funder_display_name":"Science Mission Directorate"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G618131832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX08AR22G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","funder_display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G670812154","display_name":"A NEO SEARCH PROGRAM USING THE PAN-STARRS PS1 TELESCOPETHE GOAL OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH IS TO USE T","funder_award_id":"NNX08AR22G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7187964967","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AST-1238877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7769865094","display_name":"Pan-STARRS1:   Operations; Public Data Release; Education and Outreach","funder_award_id":"1238877","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8209141053","display_name":"\u9060\u65b9\u5b87\u5b99\u3068\u8fd1\u508d\u5b87\u5b99\u306e\u89b3\u6e2c\u304b\u3089\u8feb\u308b\u9280\u6cb3\u56e3\u5f62\u6210\u306e\u521d\u671f\u6bb5\u968e","funder_award_id":"25K07354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G833430883","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNX08AR22G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338039","funder_display_name":"Planetary Science Division"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306202","display_name":"Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/006wxqw41"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309292","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310350","display_name":"Canadian Foundation for AIDS Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04hfyyk07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314000","display_name":"Compute Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/03ty8yr27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314503","display_name":"Space Telescope Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/036f5mx38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320357","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320664","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320907","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321041","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321474","display_name":"Cabinet Office, Government of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/007f5s288"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323229","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323772","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatory of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/052rrw050"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324045","display_name":"High Energy Accelerator Research Organization","ror":"https://ror.org/01g5y5k24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326124","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331606","display_name":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Astronomie","ror":"https://ror.org/01vhnrs90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331739","display_name":"Toray Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/055mcfk05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332812","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333962","display_name":"Science Mission Directorate","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336283","display_name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338039","display_name":"Planetary Science Division","ror":"https://ror.org/04cr1bk24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338304","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220735211.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220735211.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":101,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542853678","https://openalex.org/W1679458787","https://openalex.org/W1787527611","https://openalex.org/W1842880767","https://openalex.org/W1966453891","https://openalex.org/W1970323694","https://openalex.org/W1994671833","https://openalex.org/W1999402800","https://openalex.org/W2008047915","https://openalex.org/W2008197895","https://openalex.org/W2013459117","https://openalex.org/W2024297548","https://openalex.org/W2029343094","https://openalex.org/W2038751082","https://openalex.org/W2041337767","https://openalex.org/W2054131667","https://openalex.org/W2055327934","https://openalex.org/W2058588831","https://openalex.org/W2074242573","https://openalex.org/W2075826392","https://openalex.org/W2080749040","https://openalex.org/W2093092146","https://openalex.org/W2130843916","https://openalex.org/W2144756213","https://openalex.org/W2151062050","https://openalex.org/W2158198401","https://openalex.org/W2163197622","https://openalex.org/W2171400699","https://openalex.org/W2195493421","https://openalex.org/W2284395267","https://openalex.org/W2346987996","https://openalex.org/W2538337438","https://openalex.org/W2587192644","https://openalex.org/W2610044130","https://openalex.org/W2610791483","https://openalex.org/W2612257175","https://openalex.org/W2612459159","https://openalex.org/W2752207400","https://openalex.org/W2755245504","https://openalex.org/W2762203658","https://openalex.org/W2772236866","https://openalex.org/W2795727152","https://openalex.org/W2798555393","https://openalex.org/W2803779612","https://openalex.org/W2883399898","https://openalex.org/W2899552690","https://openalex.org/W2945738101","https://openalex.org/W2953355270","https://openalex.org/W2964098162","https://openalex.org/W2972724383","https://openalex.org/W2982271444","https://openalex.org/W2990344532","https://openalex.org/W2992863588","https://openalex.org/W3012013140","https://openalex.org/W3016320756","https://openalex.org/W3023609728","https://openalex.org/W3038732155","https://openalex.org/W3045415662","https://openalex.org/W3081325943","https://openalex.org/W3090938331","https://openalex.org/W3092244371","https://openalex.org/W3098587335","https://openalex.org/W3109050538","https://openalex.org/W3132462017","https://openalex.org/W3158347556","https://openalex.org/W3190735896","https://openalex.org/W3197344742","https://openalex.org/W3199755963","https://openalex.org/W4213351768","https://openalex.org/W4214890658","https://openalex.org/W4221164894","https://openalex.org/W4224237015","https://openalex.org/W4292241407","https://openalex.org/W4292246407","https://openalex.org/W4294589307","https://openalex.org/W4308719061","https://openalex.org/W4321503650","https://openalex.org/W4361199958","https://openalex.org/W4366975621","https://openalex.org/W4381996708","https://openalex.org/W4385232329","https://openalex.org/W4386741676","https://openalex.org/W4387637301","https://openalex.org/W4388444469","https://openalex.org/W4395661343","https://openalex.org/W4400743978","https://openalex.org/W4401202866","https://openalex.org/W4405120712","https://openalex.org/W4407240422","https://openalex.org/W4409206229","https://openalex.org/W4410568174","https://openalex.org/W4412387260","https://openalex.org/W4414103799","https://openalex.org/W4416765989","https://openalex.org/W4416981424","https://openalex.org/W7113895924","https://openalex.org/W7124423183","https://openalex.org/W7134923801","https://openalex.org/W7160393550","https://openalex.org/W7167899686","https://openalex.org/W7202157233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7216368438","https://openalex.org/W2346987996","https://openalex.org/W4395483967","https://openalex.org/W4407240422","https://openalex.org/W2992863588","https://openalex.org/W2038751082","https://openalex.org/W7056310759","https://openalex.org/W3199755963","https://openalex.org/W7134937904","https://openalex.org/W2752207400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"We":[1],"present":[2],"the":[3,23,27,44,73,86,96,100,156,174,180,201,225,234],"results":[4],"from":[5,114,118],"follow-up":[6],"spectroscopy":[7],"of":[8,19,26,63,88,160,177,182,204,227,236],"three":[9,34,68,101],"protocluster":[10,89,109,154],"candidates":[11],"at":[12,224],"$z\\sim":[13],"3$,":[14],"selected":[15],"as":[16],"overdense":[17],"regions":[18],"U-dropout":[20],"galaxies":[21,125,162,184,190],"in":[22,39,50,152,173,200,233],"wide-field":[24],"imaging":[25],"Hyper":[28],"SuprimeCam":[29],"Subaru":[30],"Strategic":[31],"Programme.":[32],"All":[33],"targets":[35],"exhibit":[36],"tight":[37],"clustering":[38],"three-dimensional":[40],"space,":[41],"i.e.":[42],"on":[43,213],"sky":[45],"($\\gt":[46,52],"4\\sigma$":[47],"overdensity)":[48],"and":[49,77,136],"redshift":[51],"98.4":[53],"{{\\":[54],"\\rm":[55],"per\\":[56],"cent}}$":[57],"confidence),":[58],"making":[59],"for":[60],"clear":[61],"evidence":[62],"genuine":[64],"protoclusters.":[65,178],"Since":[66],"these":[67],"protoclusters":[69,102,212],"are":[70,140],"identified":[71],"by":[72,128],"same":[74],"data":[75],"set":[76],"technique,":[78],"they":[79],"represent":[80],"a":[81,129,186],"good":[82],"sample":[83],"to":[84,171,210,220,230],"study":[85,216],"diversity":[87],"properties":[90,113],"with":[91,105,191],"minimal":[92],"observational":[93],"biases.":[94],"Although":[95],"average":[97],"population":[98],"across":[99],"is":[103,163],"consistent":[104],"field":[106,119],"galaxies,":[107],"each":[108,115],"individually":[110],"exhibits":[111],"distinguishing":[112],"other":[116],"or":[117],"galaxies.":[120],"In":[121,144],"one":[122],"protocluster,":[123],"member":[124,161],"stand":[126],"out":[127],"higher":[130],"Ly":[131,157,193],"$\\alpha$":[132,158,194],"equivalent":[133],"width":[134],"($EW_0$),":[135],"massive":[137],"members":[138],"that":[139],"still":[141],"highly":[142],"star-forming.":[143],"contrast,":[145],"relatively":[146],"more":[147,187,198],"suppressed":[148],"star":[149],"formation":[150],"appears":[151],"another":[153],"where":[155],"$EW_0$":[159],"systematically":[164],"lower.":[165],"These":[166],"variations":[167,223],"can":[168],"be":[169,197],"attributed":[170],"differences":[172],"developmental":[175],"phase":[176],"If":[179],"presence":[181],"quenching":[183],"indicates":[185],"mature":[188],"system,":[189],"stronger":[192],"emissions":[195],"may":[196],"prevalent":[199],"earlier":[202],"stages":[203],"cluster":[205,237],"formation.":[206,238],"The":[207],"uniform":[208],"approach":[209],"searching":[211],"which":[214],"this":[215],"builds":[217],"enables":[218],"us":[219],"link":[221],"observed":[222],"onset":[226],"cosmic":[228],"noon":[229],"different":[231],"pathways":[232],"history":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
