{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220733688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","title":"Who Holds Your Students\u2019 Data? A Study on the Use of LLMs in Technology-Enhanced Learning","display_name":"Who Holds Your Students\u2019 Data? A Study on the Use of LLMs in Technology-Enhanced Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220733688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220664038","display_name":"Mindful TEL: Learning Technologies Shaped with Intention"},"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013476200","display_name":"Pablo Arnau\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4659"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Arnau-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9048-4659","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020313594","display_name":"David Gimeno-G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Gimeno-G\u00f3mez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology Research Centre, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica De Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology Research Centre, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica De Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074142678","display_name":"Alejandro C\u00e1novas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-0161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-0161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/01460j859","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandro Canovas-Solbes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology Research Centre, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica De Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0422-0161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pattern Recognition and Human Language Technology Research Centre, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica De Val\u00e8ncia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005052027","display_name":"Stamos Katsigiannis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-0941","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-0941"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stamos Katsigiannis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9190-0941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013476200"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"64"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.4993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.4993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.2615000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14234","display_name":"Data Privacy and Cybersecurity","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-data","display_name":"educational data","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-sovereignty","display_name":"data sovereignty","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-privacy","display_name":"data privacy","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-ownership","display_name":"data ownership","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-weight-models","display_name":"open-weight models","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-llm-deployment","display_name":"local LLM deployment","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-governance","display_name":"data governance","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-autonomy","display_name":"institutional autonomy","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-enhanced-learning","display_name":"technology-enhanced learning","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-ethics-in-education","display_name":"AI ethics in education","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5924999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98965940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877496","display_name":"Transaction cost","level":2,"score":0.43320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.38830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36727532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861399","display_name":"Educational research","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186229450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42008","display_name":"Sovereignty","level":3,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.3093000054359436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-37979-5_4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.883400022983551}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382566959","https://openalex.org/W4390146370","https://openalex.org/W4391559941","https://openalex.org/W4395468558","https://openalex.org/W4399208707","https://openalex.org/W4399209325","https://openalex.org/W4399209607","https://openalex.org/W4399210963","https://openalex.org/W4400208028","https://openalex.org/W4400208045","https://openalex.org/W4400208054","https://openalex.org/W4400210859","https://openalex.org/W4404534210","https://openalex.org/W4405356299","https://openalex.org/W4406411213","https://openalex.org/W4406796309","https://openalex.org/W4407098046","https://openalex.org/W4408049766","https://openalex.org/W4412496565","https://openalex.org/W4412684158","https://openalex.org/W4412873978","https://openalex.org/W4412874033","https://openalex.org/W4412966165","https://openalex.org/W4412966281","https://openalex.org/W4412966311","https://openalex.org/W4413069763","https://openalex.org/W4413070981","https://openalex.org/W4413072627","https://openalex.org/W4413081671","https://openalex.org/W4413081675","https://openalex.org/W4413081868","https://openalex.org/W4413888853","https://openalex.org/W4413888950","https://openalex.org/W4413888969","https://openalex.org/W4413889009","https://openalex.org/W4413901707","https://openalex.org/W4414281281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416453484","https://openalex.org/W4412496603","https://openalex.org/W4403872093","https://openalex.org/W7212713666","https://openalex.org/W4415022267","https://openalex.org/W7167491023","https://openalex.org/W7131777614","https://openalex.org/W7140131263","https://openalex.org/W7011687434","https://openalex.org/W7127442889"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}