{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220705197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","title":"Air pollution, temperature and greenness in relation to type 2 diabetes \u2013 A multi-exposure analysis of 10 European cohorts","display_name":"Air pollution, temperature and greenness in relation to type 2 diabetes \u2013 A multi-exposure analysis of 10 European cohorts","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220705197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7556731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089889933","display_name":"Jessica Edstorp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-8738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-8738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Edstorp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karolinska Institutet - Institute of Environmental Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-8738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karolinska Institutet - Institute of Environmental Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077145234","display_name":"Regina Pickford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-9309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-9309"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Regina Pickford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-9309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025145126","display_name":"Nat\u00e0lia Blay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-8529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-8529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137002","display_name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzdww12","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137002","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nat\u00e0lia Blay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-8529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072469346","display_name":"Martin Bob\u00e1k","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2633-6851","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2633-6851","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-5918"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Bob\u00e1k","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, Gower Street, London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, Gower Street, London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026728419","display_name":"Alonso Bussalleu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-7532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-7532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Bussalleu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basel - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-7532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107","https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052350019","display_name":"Marta Cirach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-1529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5518-1529"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148332","display_name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjgt059","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148332","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154894","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/050q0kv47","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210115082","https://openalex.org/I4210154894","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta Cirach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)","Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain","Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, Barcelona, E-08005, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, Barcelona, E-08005, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Simona Costanzo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018288129","display_name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo","ror":"https://ror.org/00cpb6264","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018288129","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Costanzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS Neuromed","University of LUM"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Neuromed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018288129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of LUM","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002894473","display_name":"Payam Dadvand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-1027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-1027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148332","display_name":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjgt059","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148332","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154894","display_name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Epidemiolog\u00eda y Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/050q0kv47","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210115082","https://openalex.org/I4210154894","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Payam Dadvand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, 08003, Spain","Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain","Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, Barcelona, E-08005, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2325-1027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, 08003, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154894"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27, Barcelona, E-08005, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006249766","display_name":"Andrea Daleck\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-7444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-7444"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Dalecka","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063716127","display_name":"Rafael de Cid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-6777","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-6777"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137002","display_name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzdww12","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137002","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael de Cid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3579-6777","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051637261","display_name":"Kees de Hoogh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-2007","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-2007"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kees de Hoogh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Vredenburg 138, Utrecht, 3511 BG, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Vredenburg 138, Utrecht, 3511 BG, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088443108","display_name":"Alessandro Gialluisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7388-4463","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7388-4463"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018288129","display_name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo","ror":"https://ror.org/00cpb6264","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018288129","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Gialluisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS Neuromed"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Neuromed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018288129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052544341","display_name":"Hrafnhildur Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-7238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-7238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801939835","display_name":"Region Stockholm","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrae794","country_code":"SE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801939835"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hrafnhildur Gudjonsdottir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-7238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801939835"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035489654","display_name":"Licia Iacoviello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-5885","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-5885"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018288129","display_name":"Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo","ror":"https://ror.org/00cpb6264","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018288129","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licia Iacoviello","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRCCS Neuromed"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-5885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRCCS Neuromed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018288129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030037190","display_name":"Medea Imboden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-5862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-5862"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Medea Imboden","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basel - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9414-5862","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107","https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055739616","display_name":"Sara Kress","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-5357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-5357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101048","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0163xqp73","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210101048"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Kress","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF) - Department of Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-5357","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF) - Department of Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047614707","display_name":"Petter L.S. Ljungman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petter Ljungman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karolinska Institutet - Institute of Environmental Medicine, P.O. Box 210, Nobels v\u00e4g 13, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7815-2632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karolinska Institutet - Institute of Environmental Medicine, P.O. Box 210, Nobels v\u00e4g 13, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063474508","display_name":"Gianfranco Lovison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-8204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-8204"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianfranco L`ovison","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3861-8204","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157721593","display_name":"P Macek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Macek","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022810412","display_name":"Patrik K. E. Magnusson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrik Magnusson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karolinska Institutet - Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karolinska Institutet - Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, SE-171 82 Solna, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157735826","display_name":"M Manczuk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Manczuk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049025189","display_name":"Erik Mel\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-0663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-0663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Mel\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karolinska Institutet, Granits v\u00e4g 4, Section for Integrative Physiology, Solna, 17171, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8248-0663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karolinska Institutet, Granits v\u00e4g 4, Section for Integrative Physiology, Solna, 17171, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045829260","display_name":"Hynek Pikhart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-4049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5277-4049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hynek Pikhart","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, Gower Street, London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, Gower Street, London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152503397","display_name":"D. Rizzuto","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Rizzuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) - Aging Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) - Aging Research Center, Daejeon, 34141, Korea, Republic of (South Korea)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036569172","display_name":"Tamara Schikowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-9374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-9374"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101048","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Environmental Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/0163xqp73","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315704651","https://openalex.org/I4210101048"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamara Schikowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF) - Department of Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4559-9374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF) - Department of Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101048"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080526071","display_name":"Youchen Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4880"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youchen Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7020-4880","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057612290","display_name":"Ma\u0142gorzata Szpakowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-9965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-9965"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Szpakowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2547-9965","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031468653","display_name":"Roel C.H. Vermeulen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-8163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-8163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["NL","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roel C.H. Vermeulen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Berkeley - School of Public Health","Utrecht University - Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-8163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Berkeley - School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University - Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080784945","display_name":"Jelle J. Vlaanderen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jelle Vlaanderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9096-692X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University - Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033290889","display_name":"Megi Vogli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6089-3176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6089-3176"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megi Vogli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6089-3176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019087887","display_name":"Kathrin Wolf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-201X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-201X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathrin Wolf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107409408","display_name":"G\u00f6ran Pershagen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-1130","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-1130"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28166907","display_name":"Karolinska Institutet","ror":"https://ror.org/056d84691","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G\u00f6ran Pershagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karolinska Institutet - Institute of Environmental Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-1130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karolinska Institutet - Institute of Environmental Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088727034","display_name":"Annette Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-0985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-0985","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0984-2258","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-3614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018134672","display_name":"Helmholtz Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/00cfam450","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annette Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - Institute of Epidemiology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-0985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - Institute of Epidemiology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018134672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026418441","display_name":"Nicole M Probst-Hensch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-5976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-5976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicole Probst-Hensch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basel - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8561-5976","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel - Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107","https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014710521","display_name":"Ayoung Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-0756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-0756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoung Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, CH-4003, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1542-0756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, Basel, CH-4003, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":9,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089889933"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28166907"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9434000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.032600000500679016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14393","display_name":"Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging","score":0.005900000222027302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particulate-matter","display_name":"particulate matter","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm10","display_name":"PM10","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature","display_name":"temperature","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-greenness","display_name":"urban greenness","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-exposure","display_name":"environmental exposure","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-scenarios","display_name":"exposure scenarios","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-prevalence","display_name":"diabetes prevalence","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.7032999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559116025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131123","display_name":"Air pollution","level":2,"score":0.6080999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5760999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.42969998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020637660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Effect modification","level":3,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119043178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320723","display_name":"Covariate","level":2,"score":0.41780000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54005896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215712","display_name":"Urban heat island","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198408306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008388","display_name":"Exposure assessment","level":2,"score":0.37450000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C855514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Interaction","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780822005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140516","display_name":"Particulate pollution","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776356880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381206","display_name":"Environmental data","level":2,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993220731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215864","display_name":"Heat wave","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27403532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532474","display_name":"Generalized estimating equation","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194648359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3318054","display_name":"Generalized additive model","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126314574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364111","display_name":"Air quality index","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201052633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381223","display_name":"Environmental epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7556731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7556731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7556731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392640052","https://openalex.org/W4302362554","https://openalex.org/W4316924658","https://openalex.org/W4416773114","https://openalex.org/W7170185585","https://openalex.org/W2990168703","https://openalex.org/W7222525606","https://openalex.org/W6920768320","https://openalex.org/W2950074802","https://openalex.org/W7118093788"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}