{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220700392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06178","title":"Not just a phase: detecting nanohertz gravitational waves from phase alone","display_name":"Not just a phase: detecting nanohertz gravitational waves from phase alone","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220700392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.06178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06178","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011949723","display_name":"Kathrin Grunthal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2963-6641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2963-6641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158571","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvemc39","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grunthal, Kathrin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie , Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie , Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088976307","display_name":"Eric Thrane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-3895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4418-3895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126807","display_name":"ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery","ror":"https://ror.org/02zp3yd51","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thrane, Eric","raw_affiliation_strings":["OzGrav : The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia","School of Physics and Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OzGrav : The ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126807"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Astronomy , Monash University , Clayton , VIC 3800 , Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051657765","display_name":"Rutger van Haasteren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-2620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6428-2620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114112103","display_name":"Leibniz University Hannover","ror":"https://ror.org/0304hq317","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127646","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/03sry2h30","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210127646"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"van Haasteren, Rutger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover , 30167 Hannover , Germany","Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) , Callinstra\u00dfe 38 , 30167 Hannover , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover , 30167 Hannover , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114112103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut) , Callinstra\u00dfe 38 , 30167 Hannover , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011936430","display_name":"D. J. Champion","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-7723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1361-7723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158571","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvemc39","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Champion, David J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie , Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie , Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003133702","display_name":"M. Kr\u00e4mer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-2271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4175-2271","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-7499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158571","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy","ror":"https://ror.org/04jvemc39","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}],"countries":["DE","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kramer, Michael","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics , University of Manchester , Department of Physics and Astronomy , Alan-Turing Building , Oxford Street , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie , Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics , University of Manchester , Department of Physics and Astronomy , Alan-Turing Building , Oxford Street , Manchester M13 9PL , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck-Institut f\u00fcr Radioastronomie , Auf dem H\u00fcgel 69 , 53121 Bonn , Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanohertz-gravitational-waves","display_name":"nanohertz gravitational waves","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-wave-background","display_name":"gravitational wave background","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulsar-timing-arrays","display_name":"pulsar timing arrays","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift","display_name":"phase shift","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-detection","display_name":"false positive detection","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-based-inference","display_name":"simulation-based inference","score":0.7910000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110363677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4360","display_name":"Pulsar","level":2,"score":0.7797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.7235999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.7098000049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.6557999849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.4433000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.4408999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.42640000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4207000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89128539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1949963","display_name":"Statistic","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176641082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446767","display_name":"Spectral signature","level":2,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112789634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18207010","display_name":"False positives and false negatives","level":3,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42061751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2280060","display_name":"Spectral index","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40422974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741248","display_name":"Assertion","level":2,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.06178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.06178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.06178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06178","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06178","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317967","display_name":"International Max Planck Research School for Environmental, Cellular and Molecular Microbiology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322434","display_name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327553","display_name":"International Max Planck Research School for Advanced Methods in Process and Systems Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04hazks31"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220700392.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220700392.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365440925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4400800020","https://openalex.org/W4415055996","https://openalex.org/W2950540482","https://openalex.org/W1981155145","https://openalex.org/W4387305656","https://openalex.org/W7221794905","https://openalex.org/W2253589841","https://openalex.org/W7151554926","https://openalex.org/W2044000452","https://openalex.org/W4406558693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unambiguously":[0],"detecting":[1],"a":[2,10,107,153,158,163,181],"gravitational-wave":[3],"background":[4,202],"(GWB)":[5],"in":[6,53,81,109],"pulsar-timing":[7],"data":[8,167],"requires":[9],"robust":[11,125],"detection":[12],"statistic.":[13],"The":[14],"pulsar":[15,36,90,164],"timing":[16,165],"community":[17],"currently":[18],"relies":[19],"heavily":[20],"on":[21],"the":[22,48,57,100,111,131,140,147,177,195,199,205,216],"cross-correlation-based":[23],"\"optimal":[24],"statistic.\"":[25],"Its":[26],"design":[27],"was":[28],"motivated":[29],"to":[30,63,88,157,192,212],"avoid":[31],"false-positive":[32],"detections":[33,129],"from":[34,66,116,226],"unmodeled":[35],"red":[37],"noise.":[38,68],"However,":[39],"recent":[40],"work":[41],"by":[42,99,145],"van":[43],"Haasteren":[44],"(2025)":[45],"suggests":[46],"that":[47,121,188],"optimal":[49,58,217],"statistic":[50,59],"is":[51,60,113,124,190],"not,":[52],"fact,":[54],"optimal.":[55],"Moreover,":[56],"still":[61],"susceptible":[62],"false":[64,127],"positives":[65],"misspecified":[67],"To":[69],"guard":[70],"against":[71,126],"this,":[72],"analysts":[73],"employ":[74],"quasi-resampling":[75,136],"methods":[76],"such":[77],"as":[78],"phase":[79,103,117],"shifts,":[80,104],"which":[82,110],"complex":[83],"phases":[84],"are":[85],"randomly":[86],"assigned":[87],"each":[89],"strain":[91],"measurement,":[92],"thereby":[93],"destroying":[94],"any":[95],"gravitational-wave-induced":[96],"correlations.":[97],"Inspired":[98],"concept":[101],"of":[102,142,152,162,198],"we":[105,172,219],"introduce":[106],"formalism":[108,144],"GWB":[112],"measured":[114],"entirely":[115],"measurements.":[118],"We":[119,138,186],"argue":[120],"this":[122,143,170],"approach":[123],"positive":[128],"without":[130],"need":[132],"for":[133],"ad":[134],"hoc":[135],"methods.":[137],"demonstrate":[139],"feasibility":[141],"measuring":[146],"amplitude":[148,227],"and":[149,175],"spectral":[150,196],"index":[151],"simulated":[154],"GWB,":[155],"injected":[156],"simplified":[159],"mock":[160],"representation":[161],"array":[166],"set.":[168],"For":[169],"example,":[171],"use":[173],"simulation-based-inference":[174],"model":[176],"phase-based":[178,206],"likelihood":[179],"using":[180,204],"neural":[182],"circular":[183],"spline":[184],"flow.":[185],"show":[187,220],"it":[189],"possible":[191],"adequately":[193],"recover":[194],"parameters":[197],"gravitational":[200],"wave":[201],"signal":[203],"likelihood.":[207],"By":[208],"comparing":[209],"our":[210],"results":[211],"ones":[213],"obtained":[214],"with":[215],"statistic,":[218],"how":[221],"much":[222],"resolving":[223],"power":[224],"comes":[225],"versus":[228],"phase.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
