{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220670781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06476","title":"Evaluating LiDAR Data Sources, Predictor Resolution, and Spatial Random Effects in Bayesian Change-of-Support Models for Forest Inventory","display_name":"Evaluating LiDAR Data Sources, Predictor Resolution, and Spatial Random Effects in Bayesian Change-of-Support Models for Forest Inventory","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220670781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.06476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06476","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157732942","display_name":"Arthur Spitta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spitta, Arthur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146389374","display_name":"Andrew O. Finley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Finley, Andrew O.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Forestry and Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Forestry and Statistics & Probability, Michigan State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043704804","display_name":"Christoph Gollob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-5115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-5115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gollob, Christoph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028035372","display_name":"Ralf Kra\u00dfnitzer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kra\u00dfnitzer, Ralf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012743555","display_name":"Tim Ritter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-628X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-628X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ritter, Tim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049658472","display_name":"Andreas Tockner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-6713","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6833-6713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tockner, Andreas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021883565","display_name":"Arne Nothdurft","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-7601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7065-7601"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92869138","display_name":"BOKU University","ror":"https://ror.org/057ff4y42","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nothdurft, Arne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ecosystem Management, Climate and Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU University, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92869138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11753","display_name":"Forest Management and Policy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-lidar","display_name":"airborne laser scanning","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-inventory","display_name":"forest inventory","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-random-effects","display_name":"spatial random effects","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-species-forests","display_name":"mixed forest","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forecast-uncertainty","display_name":"forecast uncertainty","score":0.5260000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.7533000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5361999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5174999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141349535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361664","display_name":"Laser scanning","level":3,"score":0.4496000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168743327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826427","display_name":"Random effects model","level":3,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3474000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60478076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3036835","display_name":"Reference data","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147103442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423188","display_name":"Forest inventory","level":3,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3091999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176262533","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688034","display_name":"Aerial survey","level":2,"score":0.2680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119666444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977280","display_name":"Temporal resolution","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.06476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.06476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06476","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.06476","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.06476","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06476","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.06476","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.8518999814987183}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220670781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220670781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996263757","https://openalex.org/W2025720061","https://openalex.org/W2137933418","https://openalex.org/W2139049012","https://openalex.org/W2159352923","https://openalex.org/W2288393565","https://openalex.org/W2394513771","https://openalex.org/W2396871564","https://openalex.org/W2515103970","https://openalex.org/W2602191071","https://openalex.org/W2901042712","https://openalex.org/W2904925972","https://openalex.org/W2929327614","https://openalex.org/W2967514409","https://openalex.org/W2971872054","https://openalex.org/W2993891310","https://openalex.org/W3088507381","https://openalex.org/W3150615185","https://openalex.org/W3169756510","https://openalex.org/W3186158983","https://openalex.org/W4200497517","https://openalex.org/W4220790408","https://openalex.org/W4220795093","https://openalex.org/W4283806719","https://openalex.org/W4283822762","https://openalex.org/W4298013138","https://openalex.org/W4386418433","https://openalex.org/W4404112632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214496278","https://openalex.org/W2938046070","https://openalex.org/W2972545523","https://openalex.org/W6980296740","https://openalex.org/W162752802","https://openalex.org/W63182284","https://openalex.org/W4417494658","https://openalex.org/W2772370991","https://openalex.org/W7221591865","https://openalex.org/W4416765854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Forest":[0],"managers":[1],"need":[2],"timely":[3],"stand-level":[4,174],"information":[5,156,165],"to":[6,29,74,124,188],"support":[7],"operational":[8],"planning,":[9],"particularly":[10],"in":[11,77,81,110,143],"mixed-species,":[12],"structurally":[13],"heterogeneous":[14],"forests":[15],"facing":[16],"climate-related":[17],"disturbance.":[18],"Model-based":[19],"estimation":[20,176],"combines":[21],"sparse":[22],"field":[23,162],"data":[24,69],"with":[25,161],"remotely":[26],"sensed":[27],"predictors":[28],"estimate":[30,75],"growing":[31],"stock":[32],"volume":[33],"(GSV)":[34],"for":[35,173],"small":[36],"areas.":[37],"While":[38],"uncrewed":[39],"aerial":[40],"vehicle":[41],"laser":[42,55],"scanning":[43,56],"(ULS)":[44],"offers":[45],"flexible,":[46],"high-resolution":[47],"LiDAR":[48,87,167],"acquisition,":[49],"its":[50],"advantages":[51],"over":[52],"conventional":[53],"airborne":[54],"(ALS)":[57],"remain":[58],"unclear.":[59],"We":[60,84],"compared":[61],"publicly":[62],"available":[63],"ALS":[64],"and":[65,89,103,157],"newly":[66],"acquired":[67],"ULS":[68,93,116,138,149],"using":[70],"Bayesian":[71],"change-of-support":[72],"models":[73,117],"GSV":[76,146,175],"a":[78],"mixed-species":[79],"forest":[80],"north-eastern":[82],"Germany.":[83],"evaluated":[85],"distributional":[86],"metrics":[88,114],"spatial":[90,127,180],"random":[91],"effects.":[92,191],"consistently":[94],"outperformed":[95],"ALS,":[96],"achieving":[97],"cross-validated":[98],"RMSPEs":[99],"of":[100],"68.5":[101],"m^3/ha":[102],"79.5":[104],"m3/ha,":[105],"respectively-a":[106],"13.8":[107],"%":[108],"reduction":[109],"prediction":[111],"error.":[112],"Distributional":[113],"improved":[115],"more":[118,171],"strongly,":[119],"reducing":[120],"RMSPE":[121],"by":[122],"up":[123],"10.1":[125],"%;":[126],"effects":[128],"provided":[129],"only":[130],"minor":[131],"gains":[132],"at":[133],"substantially":[134],"higher":[135],"computational":[136],"cost.":[137],"also":[139],"produced":[140],"lower":[141],"uncertainty":[142],"latent":[144],"stand-mean":[145],"estimates.":[147],"The":[148],"advantage":[150],"may":[151,168],"reflect":[152],"both":[153],"finer-scale":[154],"canopy":[155],"closer":[158],"temporal":[159],"alignment":[160],"measurements.":[163],"Timely,":[164],"rich":[166],"therefore":[169],"be":[170],"valuable":[172],"than":[177],"increasingly":[178],"complex":[179],"models.":[181],"Temporally":[182],"matched":[183],"ALS-ULS":[184],"comparisons":[185],"are":[186],"needed":[187],"isolate":[189],"platform":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
