{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220656357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","title":"Electric Vehicle Battery Transition to Service Business Model: A Multi-Level Perspective Framework","display_name":"Electric Vehicle Battery Transition to Service Business Model: A Multi-Level Perspective Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220656357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7572033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157729814","display_name":"Shinu Varghese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinu Varghese","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072219619","display_name":"Ayush Gautam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-3026","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-3026"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayush Gautam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-3026","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090596152","display_name":"Sandipan Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-7601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-7601"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandipan Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1064-7601","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10539","display_name":"Sustainable Supply Chain Management","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle-batteries","display_name":"electric vehicle batteries","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-leasing","display_name":"battery leasing","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-swapping","display_name":"battery replacement","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-as-a-service","display_name":"battery-as-a-service","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-level-perspective","display_name":"multi-level perspective","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumer-adoption","display_name":"consumer adoption","score":0.5559999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-proposition","display_name":"value proposition","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graphs","display_name":"knowledge graphs","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6064000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778324724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076056","display_name":"Electrification","level":3,"score":0.5916000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5534999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.542900025844574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.5049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122642867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179106","display_name":"Product-service system","level":3,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178300618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1898509","display_name":"Extant taxon","level":2,"score":0.44850000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.42719998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68991459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11700776","display_name":"Value proposition","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57252376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896170","display_name":"Business case","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900762","display_name":"Electric-vehicle battery","level":4,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48243021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932522","display_name":"Strategic planning","level":2,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78244369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840706","display_name":"Added value","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7572033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7572033","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7572033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066408817","https://openalex.org/W2166523275","https://openalex.org/W2273540845","https://openalex.org/W2559765403","https://openalex.org/W2730485925","https://openalex.org/W2763203395","https://openalex.org/W2810661602","https://openalex.org/W2888690840","https://openalex.org/W2901920041","https://openalex.org/W2997729267","https://openalex.org/W3017367911","https://openalex.org/W3118691760","https://openalex.org/W3155250862","https://openalex.org/W3172611046","https://openalex.org/W3173568616","https://openalex.org/W3210420569","https://openalex.org/W4200365672","https://openalex.org/W4289450254","https://openalex.org/W4304778236","https://openalex.org/W4313020265","https://openalex.org/W4313567487","https://openalex.org/W4361186077","https://openalex.org/W4365149588","https://openalex.org/W4367182154","https://openalex.org/W4385789644","https://openalex.org/W4390283212","https://openalex.org/W4390384761","https://openalex.org/W4397012622","https://openalex.org/W4400871884","https://openalex.org/W4401155808","https://openalex.org/W4401257568","https://openalex.org/W4401702248","https://openalex.org/W4402892201","https://openalex.org/W4402930747","https://openalex.org/W4403182167","https://openalex.org/W4403794000","https://openalex.org/W4403842688","https://openalex.org/W4404271121","https://openalex.org/W4407361505","https://openalex.org/W4407690919","https://openalex.org/W4412862539","https://openalex.org/W4415223115","https://openalex.org/W4417131365","https://openalex.org/W7081994800","https://openalex.org/W7125994212","https://openalex.org/W7127325512","https://openalex.org/W7127570431","https://openalex.org/W7131652031","https://openalex.org/W7207824974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221025809","https://openalex.org/W7150991378","https://openalex.org/W4413734378","https://openalex.org/W7162005438","https://openalex.org/W4413843946","https://openalex.org/W1966195554","https://openalex.org/W7167070859","https://openalex.org/W2897301851","https://openalex.org/W2477271570","https://openalex.org/W4401155808"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}