{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220652265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","title":"Menopause timing, hormone therapy, epigenetic aging, and breast cancer outcomes: a secondary analysis of the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial","display_name":"Menopause timing, hormone therapy, epigenetic aging, and breast cancer outcomes: a secondary analysis of the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220652265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926595","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13692351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/06/2026.10.04.26364714.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/06/2026.10.04.26364714.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039485455","display_name":"Ting Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-1387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-1387"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","Department of Genetics, Stanford University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8763-1387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088891117","display_name":"V. Shane Pankratz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-040X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-040X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vernon S Pankratz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-040X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048482790","display_name":"Katherine E. Zychowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-2897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5751-2897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine E Zychowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034007534","display_name":"Yafang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1333-1752","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1333-1752"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024662790","display_name":"Kimberly K. Leslie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly K Leslie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157754698","display_name":"Yan Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028989565","display_name":"Christopher Ian Amos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-7023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-7023"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher I Amos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011298754","display_name":"Linda S. Cook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-0710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-0710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151808059","display_name":"Colorado School of Public Health","ror":"https://ror.org/005x9g035","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151808059"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linda S Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151808059"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102736680","display_name":"Shuguang Leng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-8158","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-8158"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Leng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102736680"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10694","display_name":"Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10269","display_name":"Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10756","display_name":"Estrogen and related hormone effects","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/menopause-timing","display_name":"menopause timing","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-replacement-therapy","display_name":"hormone replacement therapy","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-incidence","display_name":"breast cancer incidence","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-mortality","display_name":"breast cancer mortality","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer-survival","display_name":"breast cancer survival","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-aging","display_name":"epigenetic aging","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-methylation","display_name":"DNA methylation","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-clocks","display_name":"epigenetic clocks","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-menopause","display_name":"early menopause","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormone-receptor-positive-breast-cancer","display_name":"hormone receptor-positive breast cancer","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plco-cancer-screening-trial","display_name":"PLCO Cancer Screening Trial","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygenic-architecture","display_name":"polygenic architecture","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-inference","display_name":"causal inference","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-markers","display_name":"immunological markers","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-aging","display_name":"biological aging","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.7878999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775921022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25104749","display_name":"dNaM","level":5,"score":0.7013000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.6753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6187000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.6147000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190727270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874745","display_name":"DNA methylation","level":4,"score":0.5995000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5758000016212463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177708","display_name":"Menopause","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.43050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88879693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative incidence","level":3,"score":0.3804999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780427987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172341","display_name":"Ovarian cancer","level":3,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177336024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14872779","display_name":"Telomere","level":3,"score":0.3188999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140173407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138358","display_name":"CpG site","level":5,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776463041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer screening","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526805850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188874","display_name":"Colorectal cancer","level":3,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/06/2026.10.04.26364714.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13692351","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13692351/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13692351/pdf/nihpp-2026.10.04.26364714v1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42926595","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42926595","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.04.26364714","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/10/06/2026.10.04.26364714.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4446776749","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES032755","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4538094658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA118100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5100821750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA-118100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8694686264","display_name":"Center for Native American Environmental Health Equity Research","funder_award_id":"P50MD015706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8980019010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1P20NR021824","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000873017","display_name":"University of New Mexico Cancer Center Support Grant","funder_award_id":"P30CA118100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000900708","display_name":"New Mexico Integrative Science Program Incorporating Research in Environmental Sciences (NM-INSPIRES)","funder_award_id":"P30ES032755","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000910323","display_name":"Impact of Macrophage Carbon Load and Epigenetic Aging on Lung Function Decline and Mortality","funder_award_id":"R01ES035421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000920399","display_name":"Lung deposition dose of black carbon as a driver of health Disparities","funder_award_id":"R21HL173388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","funder_display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3zfr79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337361","display_name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00j4k1h63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220652265.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220652265.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7148826874","https://openalex.org/W2086952805","https://openalex.org/W2971983803","https://openalex.org/W2230189308","https://openalex.org/W4408327190","https://openalex.org/W4404021006","https://openalex.org/W2592878201","https://openalex.org/W3107034110","https://openalex.org/W4328019316","https://openalex.org/W2154774729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Current":[1],"recommendations":[2],"limit":[3],"the":[4,13,56,72,194,222],"use":[5,32,91,136,178,268,298],"of":[6,15,20,30,45,55,74,262],"menopausal":[7,16,291],"hormone":[8],"therapy":[9],"(MHT)":[10],"principally":[11],"to":[12,70,116,128,303],"management":[14],"symptoms,":[17],"largely":[18,256],"because":[19],"concerns":[21],"regarding":[22],"increased":[23],"breast":[24],"cancer":[25],"(BC)":[26],"risk.":[27],"The":[28],"impact":[29],"MHT":[31,90,135,177,242,267,297],"on":[33],"systemic":[34],"biological":[35],"aging":[36,203,212,236,284],"and":[37,40,60,89,96,119,124,187,204,213,219,234,249,253,275],"blood":[38,104],"methylome":[39,106,252],"its":[41,250],"overlap":[42,259],"with":[43,92,103,139,160,168,181,200,260,271,294],"that":[44],"menopause":[46,75,232,263,307],"timing":[47,76,233],"remains":[48],"incompletely":[49],"understood.":[50],"Methods:":[51],"In":[52,98,193],"females":[53],"(N=78,209)":[54],"Prostate,":[57],"Lung,":[58],"Colorectal":[59],"Ovarian":[61],"(PLCO)":[62],"Cancer":[63],"Screening":[64],"Trial,":[65],"we":[66,112],"used":[67,125],"Cox":[68],"models":[69],"assess":[71],"associations":[73],"(ordinal":[77],"age":[78,247],"at":[79],"menopause;":[80],"binary":[81],"early-M":[82,157,223],"[<45":[83],"years]":[84],"vs":[85],"non-early-M":[86,197],"[\u226545":[87],"years])":[88],"BC":[93,141,183,273,281],"incidence,":[94],"mortality,":[95],"survival.":[97],"a":[99,288],"nested":[100],"case-control":[101],"subset":[102],"DNA":[105],"(DNAm;":[107],"758":[108],"cases,":[109],"745":[110],"controls),":[111],"related":[113],"both":[114,130],"exposures":[115],"epigenetic":[117,202,246],"clocks":[118],"DNAm-based":[120],"telomere":[121],"length":[122],"(DNAmTL)":[123],"polygenic":[126,229],"instruments":[127],"test":[129],"causal":[131],"directions.":[132],"Results:":[133],"Ever":[134,266],"was":[137,158,179,198,269],"associated":[138,159,180,199,270],"higher":[140,280],"incidence":[142,163,170],"(aHR":[143],"1.17,":[144],"95%":[145],"CI":[146],"1.10-1.24),":[147],"particularly":[148,207],"for":[149,306],"hormone-receptor":[150],"positive":[151],"(HR+)":[152],"subtypes":[153],"(1.19,":[154],"1.11-1.27),":[155],"whereas":[156],"lower":[161,182,272],"HR+":[162],"(0.88,":[164],"0.81-0.96)":[165],"but":[166],"not":[167,258],"overall":[169,189,277],"after":[171,290],"adjustment":[172],"(0.94,":[173],"0.88-1.01).":[174],"However,":[175],"ever":[176],"mortality":[184,274],"(0.72,":[185],"0.62-0.83)":[186],"better":[188,276],"survival":[190,218,278],"(0.87,":[191],"0.81-0.95).":[192],"DNAm":[195,235],"subset,":[196],"slower":[201],"longer":[205],"DNAmTL":[206],"in":[208],"cases.":[209],"Higher":[210],"cumulative":[211],"pace-of-aging":[214],"markers":[215],"predicted":[216],"worse":[217],"partially":[220],"mediated":[221],"associations.":[224],"Genetic":[225],"analyses":[226],"supported":[227],"shared":[228],"architecture":[230],"between":[231],"biomarkers":[237],"rather":[238],"than":[239,287],"simple":[240],"causation.":[241],"showed":[243],"no":[244],"broad":[245],"acceleration":[248],"profound":[251],"immune-marker":[254],"signatures":[255,301],"did":[257],"those":[261,304],"timing.":[264,308],"Conclusions:":[265],"despite":[279],"incidence.":[282],"Systemic":[283],"detected":[285],"more":[286],"decade":[289],"transition":[292],"correlates":[293],"early":[295],"menopause.":[296],"shows":[299],"molecular":[300],"distinct":[302],"seen":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}