{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220651999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.05467","title":"Fast-variable reduction to complex contagion unifies epidemic models","display_name":"Fast-variable reduction to complex contagion unifies epidemic models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220651999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.05467"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.05467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05467","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.05467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.05467","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035455593","display_name":"Laurent H\u00e9bert\u2010Dufresne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-3673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-3673"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00e9bert-Dufresne, Laurent","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128173572","display_name":"P\u00e9ter L. Simon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106118109","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon, P\u00e9ter L.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics , E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University , Budapest , Hungary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics , E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University , Budapest , Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106118109"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087739573","display_name":"Istv\u00e1n Z. Kiss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-3184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0993-3184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800917498","display_name":"Northeastern University London","ror":"https://ror.org/03hdf3w38","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129","https://openalex.org/I2800917498"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiss, Istv\u00e1n Z.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics , Northeastern University , Boston , MA 02115 , USA","Network Science Institute , Northeastern University London , London , E1W 1LP , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , Northeastern University , Boston , MA 02115 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Science Institute , Northeastern University London , London , E1W 1LP , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800917498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-contagion","display_name":"complex contagion","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epidemic-modeling","display_name":"epidemic modeling","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-reduction","display_name":"model reduction","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/force-of-infection","display_name":"force of infection","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-correlation","display_name":"network correlation","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-interactions","display_name":"higher-order interactions","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-behavior","display_name":"adaptive behavior","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universality","display_name":"universality","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.7156999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4657999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4124999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76969082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486902","display_name":"Mathematical model","level":2,"score":0.34769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984578830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complexity science","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179133015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639378","display_name":"Social system","level":2,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63108463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581233","display_name":"Complex adaptive system","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1627819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572354","display_name":"Epidemic model","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777317252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18393516","display_name":"Rare events","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56858530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15947151","display_name":"Reduction strategy","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.05467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05467","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.05467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.05467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.05467","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.05467","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.05467","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05467","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.05467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.46810001134872437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4183452178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TKP\u00a02021\u2010NKTA\u201062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326124","funder_display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7694217703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TKP 2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336675","funder_display_name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326124","display_name":"E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem","ror":"https://ror.org/01jsq2704"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336675","display_name":"National Research, Development and Innovation Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220651999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220651999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979428166","https://openalex.org/W1878853999","https://openalex.org/W2795044072","https://openalex.org/W4394692915","https://openalex.org/W7171714071","https://openalex.org/W7160653779","https://openalex.org/W3140055616","https://openalex.org/W7171003524","https://openalex.org/W3145341086","https://openalex.org/W7120788486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Across":[0],"biological":[1],"and":[2,88],"social":[3],"complex":[4,71],"systems,":[5],"models":[6,42,108],"of":[7,41,76,96],"epidemics":[8],"or":[9,20,91,99],"contagions":[10],"incorporate":[11],"complexity":[12,55],"through":[13],"network":[14],"correlations,":[15],"adaptive":[16],"behavior,":[17],"higher-order":[18],"interactions,":[19],"co-circulating":[21],"strains.":[22],"Tracking":[23],"these":[24],"mechanisms":[25,115],"lead":[26],"to":[27,69],"high-dimensional":[28],"mathematical":[29],"systems":[30],"that":[31,37,54,114,116],"resist":[32],"analytical":[33],"treatment.":[34],"We":[35],"show":[36],"a":[38,44,85,110,118],"broad":[39],"class":[40],"admits":[43],"systematic":[45],"reduction":[46],"via":[47],"fast-variable":[48],"elimination.":[49],"The":[50,81],"central":[51],"insight":[52],"is":[53,89],"can":[56,121],"be":[57,122],"captured":[58],"by":[59],"fast":[60],"variables":[61],"equilibrating":[62],"much":[63],"faster":[64],"than":[65],"the":[66,74,94],"epidemic,":[67],"leading":[68],"``emergent":[70],"contagion''":[72],"where":[73],"force":[75,95],"infection":[77,97],"depends":[78],"on":[79],"prevalence.":[80,102],"epidemic":[82,107],"transition":[83],"follows":[84],"universal":[86],"equation":[87],"continuous":[90],"discontinuous":[92],"whether":[93],"decays":[98],"intensifies":[100],"with":[101],"Our":[103],"results":[104],"reveal":[105],"diverse":[106],"share":[109,117],"common":[111],"skeleton":[112],"such":[113],"characteristic":[119],"form":[120],"macroscopically":[123],"indistinguishable.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
