{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220651261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","title":"Heart Failure Mortality Before and After COVID-19: Demographic Variations and Urbanization Patterns in the United States (2018-2023)","display_name":"Heart Failure Mortality Before and After COVID-19: Demographic Variations and Urbanization Patterns in the United States (2018-2023)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220651261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996381","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13739860"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/535841-heart-failure-mortality-before-and-after-covid-19-demographic-variations-and-urbanization-patterns-in-the-united-states-2018-2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/535841-heart-failure-mortality-before-and-after-covid-19-demographic-variations-and-urbanization-patterns-in-the-united-states-2018-2023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152346590","display_name":"Andrew L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150229","display_name":"Premier Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ccbwp98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew L\u00f3pez S\u00e1nchez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062344654","display_name":"Lissett Ferrer Orozco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lissett Ferrer Orozco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiology, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiology, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157791127","display_name":"Elmer D Perez Valdivia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elmer D Perez Valdivia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intensive Care Unit, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intensive Care Unit, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130851169","display_name":"Francisco J Santana Mercedes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J Santana Mercedes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geriatrics, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geriatrics, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152511864","display_name":"Aitor J Roche Perez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aitor J Roche Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Iditalya 10 Medical Center, Tampa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Iditalya 10 Medical Center, Tampa, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157730134","display_name":"Carmen Soler Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150229","display_name":"Premier Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ccbwp98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carmen Soler Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157774385","display_name":"Gabriela Montano Diaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Montano Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Primary Care, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Primary Care, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066967903","display_name":"Yanisleidys Valladares Urquiza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanisleidy Valladares Urquiza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine and Hematology, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine and Hematology, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157773079","display_name":"Javier Pe\u00f1a Angel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Pe\u00f1a Angel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radiology, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radiology, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157661030","display_name":"Dailyn Rivera Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802655110","display_name":"Larkin Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcweb64","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dailyn Rivera Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychiatry, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychiatry, Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802655110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157727213","display_name":"Mailyn Marrero Herrera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150229","display_name":"Premier Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ccbwp98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mailyn Marrero Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120518268","display_name":"Carlos Acosta-Batista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-5753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4409-5753"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150229","display_name":"Premier Clinical Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ccbwp98","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Acosta-Batista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Research, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","Research and Development, Tricocenter Miami, Miami Lakes, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Research, Primary Care - Research Initiative (PCRI), Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development, Tricocenter Miami, Miami Lakes, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5152346590"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75105543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"e117568","last_page":"e117568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12935","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Public Health","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-failure-mortality","display_name":"heart failure mortality","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-disparities","display_name":"demographic disparities","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-origin","display_name":"Hispanic origin","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-adjusted-mortality-rates","display_name":"age-adjusted mortality rates","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-trends","display_name":"temporal trends","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-adults","display_name":"United States adults","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9289000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.7667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.661300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4406999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/535841-heart-failure-mortality-before-and-after-covid-19-demographic-variations-and-urbanization-patterns-in-the-united-states-2018-2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42996381","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42996381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13739860","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13739860/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.117568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.117568","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/535841-heart-failure-mortality-before-and-after-covid-19-demographic-variations-and-urbanization-patterns-in-the-united-states-2018-2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220651261.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220651261.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077618811","https://openalex.org/W2122628094","https://openalex.org/W3006268774","https://openalex.org/W3120038676","https://openalex.org/W3121534847","https://openalex.org/W3126771124","https://openalex.org/W3135177250","https://openalex.org/W3137261348","https://openalex.org/W3152915923","https://openalex.org/W3153910611","https://openalex.org/W3164458084","https://openalex.org/W3207570418","https://openalex.org/W4200155571","https://openalex.org/W4206371019","https://openalex.org/W4214917757","https://openalex.org/W4220771013","https://openalex.org/W4223479417","https://openalex.org/W4280602459","https://openalex.org/W4285726101","https://openalex.org/W4286511432","https://openalex.org/W4288051600","https://openalex.org/W4289317534","https://openalex.org/W4289845635","https://openalex.org/W4294898093","https://openalex.org/W4317933839","https://openalex.org/W4366606792","https://openalex.org/W4387051158","https://openalex.org/W4388486608","https://openalex.org/W4395071629","https://openalex.org/W4399326703","https://openalex.org/W4402292419","https://openalex.org/W4405651357","https://openalex.org/W4406599527","https://openalex.org/W4410447245","https://openalex.org/W4412370751","https://openalex.org/W7118120699","https://openalex.org/W7125138545","https://openalex.org/W7128427189"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4406375575","https://openalex.org/W4405651357","https://openalex.org/W3135177250","https://openalex.org/W3089508388","https://openalex.org/W3128454290","https://openalex.org/W4309892166","https://openalex.org/W7220898438","https://openalex.org/W4404246899","https://openalex.org/W4404735092","https://openalex.org/W4409563577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Contemporary":[1],"evidence":[2],"on":[3],"heart":[4],"failure":[5],"(HF)":[6],"recorded":[7],"as":[8,218,234,411],"the":[9,30,47,83,97,182,224,235,238,280,322,377,412],"underlying":[10,49,236,413],"cause":[11,50,221,414],"of":[12,21,32,51,141,146],"death":[13,80,113,203],"remains":[14],"fragmented":[15],"across":[16,82,162,347],"demographic":[17,107,163,370],"groups":[18,317],"and":[19,35,72,75,105,109,129,161,187,191,197,205,276,294,315,332,372,380,415],"levels":[20],"urbanization.":[22],"The":[23,407],"2018-2023":[24],"interval":[25,257],"includes":[26],"two":[27],"years":[28,37,59],"before":[29],"emergence":[31,40],"COVID-19":[33],"(2018-2019)":[34],"four":[36],"after":[38],"its":[39],"(2020-2023).":[41],"OBJECTIVE:":[42],"We":[43,94],"aim":[44],"to":[45,260],"characterize":[46],"national":[48,98,362],"HF":[52,100,216,233,410],"mortality":[53,101,153,339,397],"among":[54],"US":[55],"adults":[56,278,286,296,299,306],"aged":[57],"45":[58],"or":[60,395],"older":[61],"from":[62],"2018":[63],"through":[64],"2023;":[65],"describe":[66,401],"differences":[67,108,371,391],"by":[68],"sex,":[69],"age,":[70],"race,":[71],"Hispanic":[73,192,298,316],"origin;":[74],"quantify":[76],"changes":[77],"in":[78,111,353,376],"absolute":[79,402],"counts":[81,114,204,345],"six":[84,349],"National":[85],"Center":[86],"for":[87,126,134,170,181],"Health":[88],"Statistics":[89],"(NCHS)":[90],"urbanization":[91,350],"categories.":[92,189],"HYPOTHESIS:":[93],"hypothesized":[95],"that":[96,106],"age-adjusted":[99],"rate":[102],"would":[103,115],"increase":[104],"variation":[110],"geographic":[112],"persist.":[116],"METHODS:":[117],"This":[118],"retrospective,":[119],"population-based,":[120],"serial":[121],"cross-sectional":[122],"study":[123],"used":[124,169,202],"Centers":[125],"Disease":[127],"Control":[128],"Prevention":[130],"Wide-ranging":[131],"Online":[132],"Data":[133],"Epidemiologic":[135],"Research":[136],"(CDC":[137],"WONDER)":[138],"Underlying":[139],"Cause":[140],"Death":[142,344],"data":[143],"(International":[144],"Classification":[145],"Diseases,":[147],"10th":[148],"Revision":[149],"(ICD-10)":[150],"I50).":[151],"Age-adjusted":[152],"rates":[154,167,210],"(AAMRs)":[155],"per":[156,243],"100,000":[157],"were":[158,168,194,211,222,229,383],"evaluated":[159],"overall":[160,183,248],"groups;":[164],"age-specific":[165],"crude":[166],"age":[171],"groups.":[172],"Zero-joinpoint":[173],"log-linear":[174],"models":[175],"estimated":[176],"annual":[177],"percent":[178],"change":[179],"(APC)":[180],"population,":[184],"race":[185,379],"categories,":[186,351],"Hispanic-origin":[188,381],"Race":[190],"origin":[193],"analyzed":[195],"separately":[196],"may":[198],"overlap.":[199],"Urbanization":[200],"analyses":[201,382,387],"percentage":[206],"changes;":[207],"urbanization-specific":[208],"population-adjusted":[209,405],"not":[212,389,404,417],"estimated.":[213],"Deaths":[214],"listing":[215],"only":[217],"a":[219,267,288,301],"contributing":[220],"outside":[223],"case":[225],"definition.":[226],"RESULTS:":[227],"There":[228],"512,960":[230],"deaths":[231],"with":[232,342],"cause;":[237],"aggregate":[239,269,290],"AAMR":[240,270,283,291,303],"was":[241,251,364],"59.6":[242],"100,000.":[244],"No":[245,359],"statistically":[246,360],"significant":[247,361,374],"temporal":[249],"trend":[250,363],"detected":[252,365],"(APC:":[253,327],"0.59%;":[254],"95%":[255],"confidence":[256],"(CI):":[258],"-0.37":[259],"1.57;":[261],"p":[262,329,334],"=":[263,330,335],"0.227).":[264],"Men":[265],"had":[266,279,287,300,318],"higher":[268],"than":[271,292,304],"women":[272],"(68.1":[273],"versus":[274,308],"53.0),":[275],"Black":[277,295],"highest":[281],"racial":[282],"(70.9).":[284],"Asian":[285,314,378],"lower":[289,302],"White":[293],"(22.9);":[297],"non-Hispanic":[305],"(35.2":[307],"61.9).":[309],"In":[310],"their":[311],"respective":[312],"analyses,":[313],"increasing":[319],"trends":[320],"at":[321],"nominal":[323],"0.05":[324],"significance":[325],"level":[326],"1.30%,":[328],"0.047,":[331],"1.96%,":[333],"0.030,":[336],"respectively).":[337],"Age-specific":[338],"increased":[340,346],"sharply":[341],"age.":[343],"all":[348],"most":[352],"Medium":[354],"Metro":[355],"counties":[356],"(+11.0%).":[357],"CONCLUSIONS:":[358],"during":[366],"2018-2023,":[367],"while":[368],"descriptive":[369],"nominally":[373],"increases":[375],"observed.":[384],"These":[385],"separate":[386],"do":[388,416],"establish":[390],"between":[392],"subgroup":[393],"slopes":[394],"narrowing":[396],"gaps.":[398],"Geographic":[399],"findings":[400],"burden,":[403],"risk.":[406],"results":[408],"concern":[409],"measure":[418],"total":[419],"HF-associated":[420],"mortality.":[421]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}