{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220647902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","title":"Artificial intelligence in digital pathology: Principles, applications, challenges, and future directions","display_name":"Artificial intelligence in digital pathology: Principles, applications, challenges, and future directions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220647902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42999554","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13743412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2153353926002117/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177785","display_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","issn_l":"2153-3539","issn":["2153-3539","2229-5089"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2153353926002117/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157688059","display_name":"Yifei Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799616653","display_name":"Trinity School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z50t224","country_code":"VC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799616653"]}],"countries":["VC"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799616653"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141147352","display_name":"Leona Odabachian","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799616653","display_name":"Trinity School of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00z50t224","country_code":"VC","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799616653"]}],"countries":["VC"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leona Odabachian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity School of Medicine, Trinity College Road, Ratho Mill, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799616653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157688059"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799616653"],"apc_list":{"value":2070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2070},"apc_paid":{"value":2070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2070},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53091787,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"100749","last_page":"100749"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-pathology","display_name":"digital pathology","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-slide-imaging","display_name":"whole slide imaging","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"feature engineering","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-models","display_name":"multimodal models","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-adoption","display_name":"clinical adoption","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventional-microscopy","display_name":"conventional microscopy","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-challenges","display_name":"regulatory challenges","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4778999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.25209999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517642484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388514","display_name":"Intelligence analysis","level":2,"score":0.24869999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.24799999594688416}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2153353926002117/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177785","display_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","issn_l":"2153-3539","issn":["2153-3539","2229-5089"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42999554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42999554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of pathology informatics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6b1d752c3277401096c51325f4fb6457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6b1d752c3277401096c51325f4fb6457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics, Vol 23, Iss , Pp 100749- (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpi.2026.100749","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2153353926002117/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177785","display_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","issn_l":"2153-3539","issn":["2153-3539","2229-5089"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pathology Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220647902.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220647902.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021386860","https://openalex.org/W2062386430","https://openalex.org/W2113969402","https://openalex.org/W2157820287","https://openalex.org/W2166581609","https://openalex.org/W2912194425","https://openalex.org/W2943370629","https://openalex.org/W3029162552","https://openalex.org/W3110545722","https://openalex.org/W3123890950","https://openalex.org/W3128131226","https://openalex.org/W3162420793","https://openalex.org/W3213930124","https://openalex.org/W4200463757","https://openalex.org/W4206999655","https://openalex.org/W4290674531","https://openalex.org/W4291021272","https://openalex.org/W4318917048","https://openalex.org/W4320884090","https://openalex.org/W4391788575","https://openalex.org/W4393197106","https://openalex.org/W4396609393","https://openalex.org/W4398233235","https://openalex.org/W4399121716","https://openalex.org/W4399567248","https://openalex.org/W4404727113","https://openalex.org/W4405910210","https://openalex.org/W4406155699","https://openalex.org/W4406168947","https://openalex.org/W4408243207","https://openalex.org/W4410319792","https://openalex.org/W4410369132","https://openalex.org/W4413036330","https://openalex.org/W4413969988","https://openalex.org/W4415350036","https://openalex.org/W4415913530","https://openalex.org/W4416749202","https://openalex.org/W7130827263","https://openalex.org/W7170080620","https://openalex.org/W7171952756","https://openalex.org/W7202212401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7155388190","https://openalex.org/W7203735611","https://openalex.org/W4390879800","https://openalex.org/W4385397421","https://openalex.org/W7214792870","https://openalex.org/W7208718074","https://openalex.org/W4410873956","https://openalex.org/W4411009114","https://openalex.org/W4409987198","https://openalex.org/W7223265425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"provides":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,30,56,70,89],"digital":[6,23,32,61,90],"pathology":[7,24,33],"and":[8,25,47,67,80,99,104],"its":[9,40,93],"evolving":[10],"role":[11,55],"in":[12,60],"modern":[13],"diagnostic":[14],"practice.":[15],"We":[16,35,51],"begin":[17],"by":[18],"comparing":[19],"conventional":[20,74],"microscopy":[21],"with":[22],"outlining":[26],"the":[27,31,54,68,86,101],"major":[28],"components":[29],"workflow.":[34],"then":[36,52],"explore":[37],"whole-slide":[38],"imaging,":[39],"imaging":[41],"modalities,":[42],"scanner":[43],"technologies,":[44],"image":[45,48],"storage,":[46],"management":[49],"systems.":[50],"examine":[53],"artificial":[57],"intelligence":[58],"(AI)":[59],"pathology,":[62,91],"discussing":[63],"current":[64],"AI":[65],"applications":[66,88],"spectrum":[69],"computational":[71],"approaches,":[72],"from":[73],"feature-engineering":[75],"methods":[76],"to":[77],"deep":[78],"learning":[79],"multimodal":[81],"models.":[82],"Finally,":[83],"we":[84],"review":[85],"clinical":[87,113],"summarize":[92],"implementation":[94],"across":[95],"US":[96],"medical":[97],"centers,":[98],"discuss":[100],"technical,":[102],"regulatory,":[103],"operational":[105],"challenges":[106],"that":[107],"must":[108],"be":[109],"addressed":[110],"for":[111],"broader":[112],"adoption.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-07T00:00:00"}
