{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220525481","doi":null,"title":"Electoral Violence and Democratic Governance in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2024 Rivers State Local Government Elections","display_name":"Electoral Violence and Democratic Governance in Nigeria: Evidence from the 2024 Rivers State Local Government Elections","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220525481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.iuiu.ac.ug:article/1341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/view/1341","pdf_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/download/1341/942","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066733","display_name":"Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences","issn_l":"2709-2429","issn":["2709-2429","2709-2437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185474147","host_organization_name":"Islamic University in Uganda","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185474147"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-2429","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/download/1341/942","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024854841","display_name":"Akeem Ayanda Araba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-1238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-1238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98243723","display_name":"Kwara State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05np2xn95","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98243723"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayanda ARABA, Akeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kwara State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kwara State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98243723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042777465","display_name":"Edokpa Fadal Mary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I54231130","display_name":"Ambrose Alli University","ror":"https://ror.org/006pw7k84","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I54231130"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadal Mary, Edokpa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ambrose Alli University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ambrose Alli University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I54231130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.4916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.4916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.4424000084400177,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-violence","display_name":"electoral violence","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democratic-governance","display_name":"democratic governance","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rivers-state","display_name":"Rivers State","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-intimidation","display_name":"political intimidation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/party-rivalry","display_name":"party rivalry","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/election-security","display_name":"election security","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-participation","display_name":"electoral participation","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-credibility","display_name":"electoral credibility","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-stability","display_name":"political stability","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electoral-reform","display_name":"electoral reform","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6604999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6104999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779111050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255876","display_name":"Democratic consolidation","level":5,"score":0.5734000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558001185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2603056","display_name":"Electoral geography","level":3,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.4603999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780526558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345314","display_name":"Good governance","level":3,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991958027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182985","display_name":"Electoral politics","level":4,"score":0.4228000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778719706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501447","display_name":"Local government","level":2,"score":0.4072999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.37860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993972936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democratic governance","level":4,"score":0.3747999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3571999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.3553999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777162435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399774","display_name":"Political violence","level":3,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775907854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444961","display_name":"Security forces","level":3,"score":0.3131999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777054862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392160","display_name":"Failed state","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992441151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17106442","display_name":"Political stability","level":3,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59742305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076105","display_name":"General election","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68346564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6229","display_name":"Authoritarianism","level":4,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17058734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064441","display_name":"Democratization","level":4,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513891491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181865","display_name":"Civil society","level":3,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.iuiu.ac.ug:article/1341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/view/1341","pdf_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/download/1341/942","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066733","display_name":"Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences","issn_l":"2709-2429","issn":["2709-2429","2709-2437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185474147","host_organization_name":"Islamic University in Uganda","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185474147"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-2429","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.iuiu.ac.ug:article/1354","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/view/1354","pdf_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/download/1354/954","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066733","display_name":"Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences","issn_l":"2709-2429","issn":["2709-2429","2709-2437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185474147","host_organization_name":"Islamic University in Uganda","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185474147"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-2429","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:journals.iuiu.ac.ug:article/1341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/view/1341","pdf_url":"https://journals.iuiu.ac.ug/index.php/iujss/article/download/1341/942","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407066733","display_name":"Islamic University Journal of Social Sciences","issn_l":"2709-2429","issn":["2709-2429","2709-2437"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185474147","host_organization_name":"Islamic University in Uganda","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185474147"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2709-2429","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220525481.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220525481.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7220599203","https://openalex.org/W7106311794","https://openalex.org/W7139005463","https://openalex.org/W7213976983","https://openalex.org/W4383868331","https://openalex.org/W7222561087","https://openalex.org/W7113533022","https://openalex.org/W4389673212","https://openalex.org/W4411934068","https://openalex.org/W7220290610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nigeria":[0,206],"is":[1],"widely":[2],"regarded,":[3],"both":[4,126],"within":[5],"Africa":[6],"and":[7,21,46,64,92,113,128,149,151,159,177,183,187,201,207],"beyond,":[8],"as":[9,147],"a":[10,40,51,122,134,141],"nation":[11],"expected":[12],"to":[13,54,76,83,132,180],"lead":[14],"by":[15,37,61,193],"example":[16],"in":[17,28,57,79,95,116,205],"upholding":[18],"democratic":[19,44,55,111,203],"principles":[20],"best":[22],"practices.":[23],"However,":[24],"since":[25],"gaining":[26],"independence":[27],"1960,":[29],"its":[30,43],"electoral":[31,77,100,108,171,199],"process":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"consistently":[35],"undermined":[36],"violence,":[38,101],"casting":[39],"shadow":[41],"over":[42],"development":[45],"governance.":[47],"Electoral":[48],"violence":[49,78,109,182,200],"remains":[50],"critical":[52],"challenge":[53],"consolidation":[56],"Nigeria,":[58],"often":[59],"fueled":[60],"party":[62],"politics":[63],"intense":[65],"political":[66,88,114,178],"rivalries.":[67],"This":[68,119],"study":[69,120,163],"i)":[70],"examine":[71],"the":[72,85,105,167],"key":[73],"factors":[74],"contributing":[75],"Rivers":[80,117],"State,":[81],"ii)":[82],"assess":[84],"role":[86],"of":[87,107,143],"parties,":[89],"security":[90],"agencies,":[91],"other":[93],"stakeholders":[94],"either":[96],"mitigating":[97,198],"or":[98],"exacerbating":[99],"iii)":[102],"To":[103],"evaluate":[104],"impact":[106],"on":[110],"governance":[112],"stability":[115],"State.":[118],"adopted":[121],"mixed-methods":[123],"approach,":[124],"integrating":[125],"quantitative":[127],"qualitative":[129],"research":[130],"techniques":[131],"ensure":[133,184],"comprehensive":[135],"analysis.":[136],"Data":[137],"were":[138],"collected":[139],"from":[140],"combination":[142],"primary":[144],"sources,":[145,153],"such":[146],"surveys":[148],"interviews,":[150],"secondary":[152],"including":[154],"official":[155],"reports,":[156],"academic":[157],"literature,":[158],"media":[160],"publications.":[161],"The":[162,190],"therefore":[164],"recommends":[165],"that":[166],"urgent":[168],"need":[169],"for":[170,197],"reforms,":[172],"stronger":[173],"law":[174],"enforcement":[175],"mechanisms,":[176],"will":[179],"curb":[181],"free,":[185],"fair,":[186],"credible":[188],"elections.":[189],"paper":[191],"concludes":[192],"offering":[194],"policy":[195],"recommendations":[196],"strengthening":[202],"institutions":[204],"beyond.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
