{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220472153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","title":"Organizing principles of the cellular electron economy","display_name":"Organizing principles of the cellular electron economy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220472153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.755995.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.755995.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077889864","display_name":"Pierre Millard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-9963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-9963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196454796","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8pf755","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196454796"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138015","display_name":"MetaboHUB","ror":"https://ror.org/039gscz82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210138015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pierre Millard","raw_affiliation_strings":["MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France","TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-9963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I196454796","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070865060","display_name":"Jean\u2010Charles Portais","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-0933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-0933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154526488","display_name":"Inserm","ror":"https://ror.org/02vjkv261","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154526488"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176063091","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/03m3gzv89","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176063091","https://openalex.org/I205747304","https://openalex.org/I4210117091"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196454796","display_name":"Institut National des Sciences Appliqu\u00e9es de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8pf755","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196454796"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088668","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138015","display_name":"MetaboHUB","ror":"https://ror.org/039gscz82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210138015"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152741","display_name":"RESTORE","ror":"https://ror.org/00qhm9960","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I4210128919","https://openalex.org/I4387152741","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405258862","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/01ahyrz84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Charles Portais","raw_affiliation_strings":["MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France","TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France","University Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, EFS, ENVT, RESTORE Institute, Toulouse, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-0933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TBI, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I196454796","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, EFS, ENVT, RESTORE Institute, Toulouse, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I154526488","https://openalex.org/I176063091","https://openalex.org/I4387152741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077889864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I196454796","https://openalex.org/I4210088668","https://openalex.org/I4210138015","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9634000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12688","display_name":"Microbial metabolism and enzyme function","score":0.010900000110268593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11231","display_name":"Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-flow","display_name":"electron flow","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redox-homeostasis","display_name":"redox homeostasis","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electron-transfer","display_name":"electron transfer","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-source","display_name":"carbon source","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-supply","display_name":"oxygen supply","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-scale-metabolic-modeling","display_name":"genome-scale metabolic modeling","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microorganisms","display_name":"microorganisms","score":0.5709999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123669783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902898","display_name":"Electron transfer","level":2,"score":0.6445000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983591114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11651","display_name":"Electron flow","level":3,"score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24840226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211016","display_name":"Electron transport chain","level":2,"score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993678126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751","display_name":"Carbon flux","level":3,"score":0.44780001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4041999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.3959999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.38920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79879829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Intracellular","level":2,"score":0.37310001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28406088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5571762","display_name":"Extracellular","level":2,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2900893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231592","display_name":"Electron acceptor","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62231903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1057","display_name":"Metabolism","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.27079999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28859421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39572","display_name":"Mitochondrion","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.755995.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.755995","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.755995.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1114969185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MetaboHUB-ANR-11-INBS-0010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331560","funder_display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4541902706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-11-INBS-0010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","funder_display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7162575673","display_name":"ASCENDING","funder_award_id":"ANR-21-F2II-0002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8907031238","display_name":"D\u00e9veloppement d'une infrastructure fran\u00e7aise distribu\u00e9e pour la m\u00e9tabolomique d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l'innovation","funder_award_id":"ANR-11-INBS-0010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316137","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Lille","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzqn938"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316512","display_name":"Bpifrance","ror":"https://ror.org/008zkt807"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322892","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331560","display_name":"Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement","ror":"https://ror.org/003vg9w96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220472153.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220472153.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084180692","https://openalex.org/W7099960112","https://openalex.org/W2898564359","https://openalex.org/W2021759624","https://openalex.org/W2610992557","https://openalex.org/W2026549489","https://openalex.org/W2994169529","https://openalex.org/W2989412008","https://openalex.org/W4308803454","https://openalex.org/W7098251100"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Life":[1],"runs":[2],"on":[3],"electron":[4,31,50,58,86,113,129,148,167],"flow.":[5],"Cells":[6],"extract":[7],"electrons":[8,94],"from":[9],"nutrients":[10],"and":[11,23,28,61,82,132,143,159],"transfer":[12,60],"them":[13],"through":[14],"metabolism,":[15],"coupling":[16],"carbon":[17,77,141],"use":[18],"to":[19,91,95,121,123,137,155],"energy":[20],"conservation,":[21],"biosynthesis":[22],"redox":[24,153],"homeostasis.":[25],"Yet":[26],"how":[27,161],"even":[29,109],"whether":[30],"flow":[32,168],"is":[33,119],"organized":[34],"at":[35],"the":[36,45,48,76,80,89,103,162],"system-level":[37,117],"across":[38,140,169],"metabolism":[39],"remain":[40],"unknown.":[41],"Here":[42],"we":[43],"formalize":[44],"concept":[46],"of":[47,57,85,93],"cellular":[49,147],"economy:":[51],"a":[52,67],"quantitative,":[53],"genome-wide,":[54],"reaction-resolved":[55],"representation":[56],"generation,":[59],"disposal.":[62],"This":[63,116],"electron-centric":[64],"perspective":[65],"reveals":[66,160],"quantitative":[68],"relationship":[69],"governed":[70],"by":[71],"two":[72],"distinct":[73],"organizing":[74,164],"factors:":[75],"source":[78],"sets":[79],"baseline":[81],"maximal":[83],"rate":[84],"flow,":[87],"whereas":[88],"capacity":[90],"dispose":[92],"terminal":[96],"sinks":[97],"determines":[98],"where":[99],"within":[100],"this":[101],"range":[102],"system":[104],"operates.":[105],"Carbon":[106],"uptake":[107],"can":[108],"increase":[110],"as":[111],"net":[112],"flux":[114],"falls.":[115],"organization":[118,158],"shown":[120],"apply":[122],"five":[124],"microorganisms":[125],"with":[126],"different":[127],"intracellular":[128],"routing":[130],"pathways":[131],"predicts":[133],"graded":[134],"physiological":[135],"responses":[136],"oxygen":[138],"supply":[139],"sources":[142],"respiratory":[144],"architectures.":[145,172],"The":[146],"economy":[149],"thus":[150],"links":[151],"reaction-level":[152],"chemistry":[154],"whole-cell":[156],"metabolic":[157,171],"same":[163],"principles":[165],"govern":[166],"diverse":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
