{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220469008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","title":"Species-dependent opioid receptor pharmacology in dogs revealed by binding, signaling, and structural analysis","display_name":"Species-dependent opioid receptor pharmacology in dogs revealed by binding, signaling, and structural analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220469008","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10851767/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10851767/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157585594","display_name":"Elena K. Gerdes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena K. Gerdes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036665486","display_name":"Christian Zenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-8456","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4035-8456"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Zenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106879221","display_name":"Sarah Koutnik-Abele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7266-0704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7266-0704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25974101","display_name":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00fbnyb24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Koutnik-Abele","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of W\u00fcrzburg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of W\u00fcrzburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25974101"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054506022","display_name":"Hermann Ammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-0207","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4935-0207"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hermann Ammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.6547999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.6547999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.29589998722076416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11905","display_name":"Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-receptors","display_name":"opioid receptors","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mu-opioid-receptor","display_name":"mu-opioid receptor","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kappa-opioid-receptor","display_name":"kappa opioid receptor","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erk-signaling","display_name":"ERK signaling","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligand-binding","display_name":"ligand binding","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-docking","display_name":"molecular docking","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buprenorphine","display_name":"buprenorphine","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine","display_name":"morphine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butorphanol","display_name":"butorphanol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/veterinary-analgesia","display_name":"veterinary analgesia","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-pharmacology","display_name":"comparative pharmacology","score":0.8029999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781020239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185089","display_name":"Butorphanol","level":2,"score":0.7258999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.685699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.6682999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.6212999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.569599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421797","display_name":"Opioid receptor","level":4,"score":0.5630999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","display_name":"Morphine","level":2,"score":0.5031999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778949969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407721","display_name":"Buprenorphine","level":4,"score":0.4675999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.462799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58732023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770260","display_name":"Partial agonist","level":4,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174510640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489618","display_name":"HEK 293 cells","level":3,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777066959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869711","display_name":"Cricetulus","level":4,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41685203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1974042","display_name":"Docking (animal)","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135285700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38173","display_name":"G protein-coupled receptor","level":3,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88016717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417189","display_name":"Opioid peptide","level":4,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38533456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671589","display_name":"Intrinsic activity","level":4,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14314382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1943386","display_name":"Molecular Pharmacology","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10851767/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10851767/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10851767/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323390","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220469008.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220469008.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82985984","https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1824964396","https://openalex.org/W1884477691","https://openalex.org/W1966684950","https://openalex.org/W1976140850","https://openalex.org/W1984027441","https://openalex.org/W2036147846","https://openalex.org/W2052029379","https://openalex.org/W2053710123","https://openalex.org/W2060389245","https://openalex.org/W2061604677","https://openalex.org/W2063017492","https://openalex.org/W2074631079","https://openalex.org/W2078768517","https://openalex.org/W2082179794","https://openalex.org/W2105080299","https://openalex.org/W2118240381","https://openalex.org/W2121886950","https://openalex.org/W2125583308","https://openalex.org/W2128768874","https://openalex.org/W2158110448","https://openalex.org/W2315235426","https://openalex.org/W2419420935","https://openalex.org/W2756208641","https://openalex.org/W2801290273","https://openalex.org/W3003440392","https://openalex.org/W3026117300","https://openalex.org/W3042772214","https://openalex.org/W3044613632","https://openalex.org/W3143191633","https://openalex.org/W3161243618","https://openalex.org/W3161838654","https://openalex.org/W3184114605","https://openalex.org/W4281790889","https://openalex.org/W4309042619","https://openalex.org/W4387164156","https://openalex.org/W4390046003","https://openalex.org/W4396721167","https://openalex.org/W4404225840","https://openalex.org/W4404458588","https://openalex.org/W4404511389","https://openalex.org/W4406057051","https://openalex.org/W4410109270","https://openalex.org/W4415611825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6931426513","https://openalex.org/W2020145004","https://openalex.org/W2034555409","https://openalex.org/W1990375235","https://openalex.org/W4406968089","https://openalex.org/W82774609","https://openalex.org/W3184048737","https://openalex.org/W1970052320","https://openalex.org/W3017286741","https://openalex.org/W2267171890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Opioid":[1],"analgesics":[2],"show":[3],"variable":[4],"clinical":[5],"efficacy":[6],"across":[7],"species,":[8],"whose":[9],"underlying":[10],"mechanisms":[11],"remain":[12],"insufficiently":[13],"characterized.":[14],"Besides":[15],"pharmacokinetic":[16],"factors,":[17],"the":[18,132],"present":[19],"study":[20],"investigates":[21],"whether":[22],"differences":[23],"in":[24,48,140],"opioid":[25,34,114,128],"receptor":[26,115],"structure":[27],"and":[28,42,51,55,67,74,130,137],"function":[29],"might":[30],"contribute":[31],"to":[32,119,126],"canine-specific":[33],"pharmacology.":[35,142],"Here,":[36],"we":[37],"cloned":[38],"canine":[39,86],"\u00b5-":[40],"(cMOR)":[41],"k-opioid":[43],"receptors":[44],"(cKOR),":[45],"expressed":[46],"them":[47],"HEK293":[49],"cells,":[50],"evaluated":[52],"ligand":[53],"binding":[54],"ERK1/2":[56],"signaling":[57,84],"for":[58],"clinically":[59],"relevant":[60,125],"opioids,":[61],"comparing":[62],"results":[63],"with":[64,92],"rat":[65],"MOR":[66],"human":[68],"KOR.":[69],"Molecular":[70],"docking":[71],"identified":[72],"conserved":[73],"species-specific":[75],"ligand-receptor":[76],"interactions.":[77],"Buprenorphine":[78],"exhibited":[79],"high":[80],"affinity":[81],"but":[82,103],"reduced":[83],"at":[85,101,108],"receptors;":[87],"morphine":[88],"showed":[89],"enhanced":[90],"\u00b5-selectivity":[91],"near-maximal":[93],"efficacy;":[94],"butorphanol":[95],"acted":[96],"as":[97],"a":[98,104],"full":[99],"agonist":[100,107],"cKOR":[102],"weak":[105],"partial":[106],"cMOR.":[109],"These":[110],"findings":[111],"demonstrate":[112],"that":[113],"sequence":[116],"variation":[117],"contributes":[118],"species-dependent":[120],"pharmacodynamics,":[121],"providing":[122],"molecular":[123],"insights":[124],"veterinary":[127],"use":[129],"highlighting":[131],"value":[133],"of":[134],"integrating":[135],"experimental":[136],"computational":[138],"approaches":[139],"comparative":[141]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}