{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220468525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.02625","title":"Gaussian Fisher Information Is Superadditive","display_name":"Gaussian Fisher Information Is Superadditive","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220468525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.02625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.02625","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02625","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.02625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.02625","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157589797","display_name":"Jiaxin Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu, Jiaxin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering , Beihang University , Haidian , Beijing 100191 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering , Beihang University , Haidian , Beijing 100191 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157590703","display_name":"Zuoxian Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang, Zuoxian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering , Beihang University , Haidian , Beijing 100191 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering , Beihang University , Haidian , Beijing 100191 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157445458","display_name":"Danyue Ma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma, Danyue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering , Beihang University , Haidian , Beijing 100191 , China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering , Beihang University , Haidian , Beijing 100191 , China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superadditivity","display_name":"superadditivity","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodyne-detection","display_name":"heterodyne detection","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homodyne-detection","display_name":"homodyne detection","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-optics","display_name":"linear optics","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-parameter-estimation","display_name":"quantum parameter estimation","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-modes","display_name":"thermal modes","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupled-resonators","display_name":"coupled resonators","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vacuum-noise","display_name":"vacuum noise","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-metrology","display_name":"quantum metrology","score":0.3190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778184138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1626181","display_name":"Homodyne detection","level":2,"score":0.7125999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26351279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227627","display_name":"Direct-conversion receiver","level":3,"score":0.6438000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5662000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19819980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947542","display_name":"Beam splitter","level":3,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.42089998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.3698999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3222000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72659945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503574","display_name":"Shot noise","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111996192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269075","display_name":"Quantum noise","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20610874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512136","display_name":"Linear phase","level":3,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204003914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760140","display_name":"Heterodyne detection","level":3,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.02625","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02625","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.02625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2610.02625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.02625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2610.02625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2610.02625","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.02625","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2610.02625","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2079022619","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42\u2009388\u2009101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7425257053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JYB2025XDXM606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321106","display_name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220468525.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220468525.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117236173","https://openalex.org/W7171857505"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117236173","https://openalex.org/W2803510616","https://openalex.org/W2069554369","https://openalex.org/W4412748374","https://openalex.org/W2769763683","https://openalex.org/W7141519565","https://openalex.org/W7164883155","https://openalex.org/W2041740118","https://openalex.org/W2729085231","https://openalex.org/W7116893713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"Fisher":[1],"information":[2],"adds":[3],"over":[4],"independent":[5,37],"probes,":[6],"so":[7,130],"a":[8,47,63,67,100,103,159,171,206],"single":[9],"parameter":[10,146],"is":[11,62,188,212],"best":[12,78],"measured":[13,41],"probe":[14],"by":[15,72,148,214],"probe.":[16],"We":[17,136,164],"show":[18],"that":[19,124,138,166,175],"Gaussian":[20,191],"measurements,":[21],"the":[22,58,77,82,91,95,118,127,131,139,156,176,189,196,215],"linear":[23,48],"optics":[24],"and":[25,30,54,88,110,174],"homodyne":[26,74,122,187,203],"detection":[27,98],"of":[28,51,60,114],"optical":[29],"microwave":[31],"experiments,":[32],"break":[33],"this":[34],"rule:":[35],"two":[36,56,73,198,202],"modes":[38,57,83,152],"are":[39],"better":[40],"together.":[42],"The":[43],"uncertainty":[44],"principle":[45],"leaves":[46],"detector":[49],"half":[50,61],"phase":[52],"space,":[53],"for":[55,117,144],"choice":[59],"resource.":[64],"Bell":[65,121,186],"homodyne,":[66],"balanced":[68],"beam":[69,104],"splitter":[70,105],"followed":[71],"detectors,":[75,204],"beats":[76],"separate":[79],"readout":[80],"when":[81],"differ":[84],"in":[85,89],"quadrature":[86],"width":[87,92],"how":[90],"responds":[93],"to":[94,106],"parameter.":[96],"Heterodyne":[97],"splits":[99],"mode":[101],"on":[102],"read":[107],"both":[108],"quadratures":[109],"pays":[111],"one":[112,154],"unit":[113],"vacuum":[115],"noise":[116,132],"empty":[119],"port.":[120],"fills":[123],"port":[125],"with":[126,201],"second":[128],"mode,":[129],"turns":[133],"into":[134],"signal.":[135],"prove":[137,165],"gain":[140,160,177],"stays":[141],"below":[142],"$(\\sqrt2-1)^2=17.157\\%$":[143],"every":[145],"carried":[147],"widths.":[149],"For":[150],"thermal":[151,217],"at":[153,179,181],"temperature,":[155],"canonical":[157],"case,":[158],"was":[161],"conjectured":[162],"impossible.":[163],"any":[167],"frequency":[168,182],"difference":[169],"opens":[170],"temperature":[172],"window":[173],"peaks":[178],"$12.699\\%$":[180],"ratio":[183],"$3.318$,":[184],"where":[185],"optimal":[190],"measurement.":[192],"Standard":[193],"hardware":[194],"reaches":[195],"gain:":[197],"coupled":[199],"resonators":[200],"or":[205],"phase-preserving":[207],"amplifier":[208],"whose":[209],"idler":[210],"band":[211],"fed":[213],"same":[216],"source.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}