{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220460554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","title":"Linguistic and Metalinguistic Profiles of PersianSpeaking Children with Hearing Impairment: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies","display_name":"Linguistic and Metalinguistic Profiles of PersianSpeaking Children with Hearing Impairment: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220460554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306536974","display_name":"\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc - \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646","issn_l":"1735-1936","issn":["1735-1936","2008-2657","2423-480X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104279575","display_name":"Helia Abbasi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600920","display_name":"Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdzy146","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helia Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Linguistics, Linguistic Faculty, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Linguistics, Linguistic Faculty, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078420444","display_name":"leila fayazi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600920","display_name":"Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdzy146","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leila Fayazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Linguistics, Linguistic Faculty, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Linguistics, Linguistic Faculty, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009508067","display_name":"Hourieh Ahadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-4245","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-4245"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400600920","display_name":"Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04kdzy146","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hourieh Ahadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of General Linguistics, Linguistic Faculty, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Linguistics, Linguistic Faculty, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400600920"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.06260000169277191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/persian-speaking-children","display_name":"Persian-speaking children","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-loss","display_name":"hearing loss","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cochlear-implants","display_name":"cochlear implants","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-aids","display_name":"hearing aids","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-awareness","display_name":"phonological awareness","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphosyntax","display_name":"morphosyntax","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"semantics","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pragmatics","display_name":"pragmatics","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-delay","display_name":"language delay","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-implantation","display_name":"early implantation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-assessment","display_name":"language assessment","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-intervention","display_name":"language intervention","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776745099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13419941","display_name":"Metalinguistic awareness","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5633000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.46540001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.46320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165297611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43249","display_name":"Morpheme","level":2,"score":0.43070000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563374","display_name":"Phonological awareness","level":3,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020552372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079090","display_name":"Typically developing","level":3,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399","display_name":"Speech production","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776264592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463837","display_name":"Language production","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77243148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2918137","display_name":"Metalinguistics","level":4,"score":0.3021000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.30090001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777395276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775593","display_name":"Specific language impairment","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16035842","display_name":"Hearing loss","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95975521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803628","display_name":"Mean length of utterance","level":3,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10469820","display_name":"Language disorder","level":3,"score":0.27619999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99209842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643696","display_name":"Speech perception","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306536974","display_name":"\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc - \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646","issn_l":"1735-1936","issn":["1735-1936","2008-2657","2423-480X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v35i4.22891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306536974","display_name":"\u0634\u0646\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc - \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u0632\u0634\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646","issn_l":"1735-1936","issn":["1735-1936","2008-2657","2423-480X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Auditory and Vestibular Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152004589","https://openalex.org/W4249379046","https://openalex.org/W4220826645","https://openalex.org/W2097253674","https://openalex.org/W2142160260","https://openalex.org/W3186111450","https://openalex.org/W2184945190","https://openalex.org/W4386951386","https://openalex.org/W4406281497","https://openalex.org/W2184670651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"and":[1,34,70,101,113,122,136,156,162,173,195,206,218,221],"Aim:":[2],"Numerous":[3],"studies":[4],"have":[5],"investigated":[6],"the":[7,17,44,61,222],"linguistic":[8,64,91,161],"characteristics":[9],"of":[10,19,63,97,124],"Persian-speaking":[11,57,81,149],"children":[12,49,82,150],"with":[13,50,83,129,144,151,183,198],"hearing":[14,51,56,84,133,152,168],"impairment.":[15],"Given":[16],"variability":[18],"findings":[20],"across":[21,89],"these":[22],"studies,":[23],"a":[24],"systematic":[25,39],"review":[26,40],"is":[27,60],"required":[28],"to":[29,42,54,166],"both":[30,160,193],"identify":[31],"research":[32,210],"gaps":[33],"synthesize":[35],"existing":[36],"results.":[37],"This":[38],"aimed":[41],"answer":[43],"following":[45],"question:":[46],"in":[47,94,110,159],"Persianspeaking":[48],"impairment":[52,85,153],"compared":[53,165],"typically":[55,167],"children,":[58],"what":[59],"profile":[62],"skills":[65,72,164],"(phonology,":[66],"morphosyntax,":[67,205],"semantics,":[68],"pragmatics)":[69],"metalinguistic":[71,163],"(phonological":[73],"awareness,":[74,76,116,204],"syntactic":[75],"semantic":[77],"awareness)?":[78],"Recent":[79],"Findings:":[80],"experience":[86],"significant":[87,155],"delays":[88,158],"most":[90,105],"domains,":[92],"particularly":[93],"phonetics/phonology":[95],"(55%":[96],"studies),":[98],"morphosyntax":[99],"(16%),":[100],"semantics/pragmatics":[102],"(13%).":[103],"The":[104],"consistent":[106],"deficits":[107],"were":[108],"observed":[109],"vowel":[111],"production":[112],"perception,":[114],"phonological":[115,203],"grammatical":[117],"omissions,":[118],"tense":[119],"marking":[120],"errors,":[121],"comprehension":[123],"non":[125],"literal":[126],"meanings.":[127],"Children":[128],"cochlear":[130,171],"implants":[131],"outperformed":[132],"aid":[134],"users,":[135],"early":[137],"implantation":[138,172],"(before":[139],"age":[140,214],"2)":[141],"was":[142],"associated":[143,182],"more":[145],"favorable":[146],"outcomes.":[147,186],"Conclusion:":[148],"demonstrate":[154],"persistent":[157],"peers.":[169],"Early":[170],"linguistically":[174],"rich":[175],"educational":[176],"environments":[177],"(e.g.":[178],"mainstream":[179],"schools)":[180],"are":[181],"better":[184],"language":[185,189],"Clinically,":[187],"comprehensive":[188],"assessments":[190],"should":[191,211],"include":[192],"receptive":[194],"expressive":[196],"skills,":[197],"targeted":[199],"interventions":[200],"focusing":[201],"on":[202],"pragmatic":[207],"abilities.":[208],"Future":[209],"prioritize":[212],"neglected":[213],"groups":[215],"(6\u20138":[216],"years":[217],"10\u201315":[219],"years)":[220],"understudied":[223],"semantic-pragmatic":[224],"domain.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
