{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220448229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","title":"Metabolic cost sets the shear stress profile of optimal vascular trees","display_name":"Metabolic cost sets the shear stress profile of optimal vascular trees","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220448229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.09.29.755319.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.09.29.755319.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000095356","display_name":"Genaro V\u00e1zquez\u2010Victorio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-8772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-8772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genaro V\u00e1zquez-Victorio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-8772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034200924","display_name":"Enrique Hernandez Lemus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-1397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-1397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110970","display_name":"National Institute of Genomic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjckx08","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Hern\u00e1ndez-Lemus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1872-1397","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038446755","display_name":"Alejandra Cervera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-1168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-1168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110970","display_name":"National Institute of Genomic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjckx08","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alejandra Cervera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6274-1168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073416357","display_name":"Laura G\u00f3mez-Romero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-6492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-6492"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110970","display_name":"National Institute of Genomic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjckx08","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura G\u00f3mez-Romero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9685-6492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003944080","display_name":"Hugo Tovar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-6133","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-6133"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110970","display_name":"National Institute of Genomic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjckx08","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hugo Tovar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-6133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088888229","display_name":"Daniel P\u00e9rez\u2010Calixto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3988-1260","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3988-1260"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110970","display_name":"National Institute of Genomic Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/01qjckx08","country_code":"MX","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095685","https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P\u00e9rez-Calixto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3988-1260","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Medicina Gen\u00f3mica, Mexico City, Mexico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088888229"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110970","https://openalex.org/I8961855"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.24799999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.24799999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11366","display_name":"Elasticity and Material Modeling","score":0.19519999623298645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wall-shear-stress","display_name":"wall shear stress","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-cost","display_name":"metabolic cost","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissipation-minimization","display_name":"dissipation minimization","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-remodeling","display_name":"vascular remodeling","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation-efficiency","display_name":"transport efficiency","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"network topology","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-loop","display_name":"vascular loop","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluctuating-demand","display_name":"fluctuating demand","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135402231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898440","display_name":"Dissipation","level":2,"score":0.6464999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5751000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.5728999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96035792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43606218","display_name":"Shear (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21141959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657936","display_name":"Shear stress","level":2,"score":0.47029998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3716999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.34119999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991809073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240673","display_name":"Metabolic cost","level":2,"score":0.33500000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.32269999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983177510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Energy demand","level":2,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983317576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Power demand","level":4,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127893833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7492185","display_name":"Shear strength (soil)","level":3,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.09.29.755319.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.29.755319","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.09.29.755319.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220448229.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220448229.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7131617066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059661208","https://openalex.org/W2280858183","https://openalex.org/W7168357631","https://openalex.org/W2626215329","https://openalex.org/W4286859078","https://openalex.org/W2072259821","https://openalex.org/W7123342506","https://openalex.org/W2774659721","https://openalex.org/W7131891400","https://openalex.org/W7214608462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vascular":[0],"remodeling":[1],"responds":[2],"to":[3,12,34,37,49,119],"local":[4,85,131],"wall":[5],"shear":[6,55,77],"stress,":[7],"but":[8],"transport":[9,113],"efficiency":[10],"belongs":[11],"the":[13,54,89,93,127,145],"network":[14],"as":[15],"a":[16,26,98,136],"whole.":[17],"We":[18],"connect":[19],"these":[20],"scales":[21],"by":[22,115],"minimizing":[23],"dissipation":[24],"under":[25],"fixed":[27],"maintenance":[28,128],"budget,":[29],"with":[30,75,103],"vessel":[31,50],"cost":[32],"proportional":[33,48],"mass":[35],"raised":[36],"an":[38,43],"exponent":[39],"b":[40,62,66,80],".":[41],"At":[42],"optimum,":[44],"dissipated":[45],"power":[46],"is":[47],"cost.":[51],"This":[52],"yields":[53],"set-point":[56],"|":[57,59],"\u03c4":[58],"\u221d":[60],"r":[61,70],"\u22121":[63],"l":[64,73],"(":[65],"\u22121)/2":[67],"for":[68],"radius":[69],"and":[71,105,141],"length":[72],",":[74],"uniform":[76],"recovered":[78],"at":[79],"=":[81],"1.":[82],"The":[83,130],"associated":[84],"adaptation":[86],"rule":[87],"decreases":[88],"global":[90],"functional,":[91],"although":[92],"topology":[94,146],"it":[95],"reaches":[96],"retains":[97],"memory":[99],"of":[100],"development.":[101],"Simulations":[102],"400":[104],"700":[106],"sinks":[107],"show":[108],"that":[109,147],"staged":[110],"growth":[111,140],"improves":[112],"mainly":[114],"allowing":[116],"pruned":[117],"connections":[118],"regrow.":[120],"Fluctuating":[121],"demand":[122,143],"sustains":[123],"loops":[124],"without":[125],"increasing":[126],"budget.":[129],"condition":[132],"fixes":[133],"allocation":[134],"on":[135],"given":[137],"support,":[138],"whereas":[139],"variable":[142],"shape":[144],"survives.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
