{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220437155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","title":"Development of Smart Discrimination Training Using Cards and Objects to Improve Discrimination Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","display_name":"Development of Smart Discrimination Training Using Cards and Objects to Improve Discrimination Skills in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220437155","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","pdf_url":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/e8555d6f-b5c7-42c9-879e-54a3bd8e08fd/ScienceOpen/jdr20260955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407050672","display_name":"Journal of Disability Research","issn_l":"1658-9912","issn":["1658-9912","2676-2633"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Disability Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7220437155"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/e8555d6f-b5c7-42c9-879e-54a3bd8e08fd/ScienceOpen/jdr20260955.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022182661","display_name":"Arneliza Arneliza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2205-2838","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2205-2838"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arneliza Arneliza","raw_affiliation_strings":["KID-ABA Autism nDD Center Indonesia , Bekasi , Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2205-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KID-ABA Autism nDD Center Indonesia , Bekasi , Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006478094","display_name":"Nur Intan Rochmawati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-6311","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-6311"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Intan Rochmawati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Educational Management , Universitas Ngudi Waluyo , Ungaran , Central Java , Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3235-6311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Management , Universitas Ngudi Waluyo , Ungaran , Central Java , Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157514760","display_name":"Andy Brata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0254-2617","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0254-2617"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273909","display_name":"Poltekkes Kemenkes Jambi","ror":"https://ror.org/00pbf3488","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273909"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Brata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poltekkes Kemenkes Jambi , Jambi , Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0254-2617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poltekkes Kemenkes Jambi , Jambi , Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148489349","display_name":"Inggrid Puji Astri Purba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139646","display_name":"Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara","ror":"https://ror.org/03ve0eh58","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inggrid Puji Astri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Doctoral Program in Education , Graduate School , Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara , Medan , Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Doctoral Program in Education , Graduate School , Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara , Medan , Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136046399","display_name":"Tri Riana Lestari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-2672","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-2672"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259021","display_name":"Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I","ror":"https://ror.org/01jr9qt48","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259021"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tri Riana Lestari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I , Jakarta , Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-2672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta I , Jakarta , Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259021"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012333952","display_name":"Rudy Sutadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-8852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-8852"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudy Sutadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KID-ABA Autism nDD Center Indonesia , Bekasi , Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4437-8852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KID-ABA Autism nDD Center Indonesia , Bekasi , Indonesia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.49630001187324524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13393","display_name":"Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination-learning","display_name":"discrimination learning","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus-control","display_name":"stimulus control","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-with-autism","display_name":"children with autism","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-validity","display_name":"procedural validity","score":0.49799999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7501999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.7001000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196178793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282084","display_name":"Discrimination learning","level":2,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.5644000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.5356000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.40560001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57022672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617378","display_name":"Stimulus control","level":3,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778594975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087172","display_name":"Developmental disorder","level":3,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53596535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519102","display_name":"Discrimination testing","level":3,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168338","display_name":"Behavioral analysis","level":2,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777976975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621607","display_name":"Applied behavior analysis","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32362775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1405524","display_name":"Self-control","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","pdf_url":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/e8555d6f-b5c7-42c9-879e-54a3bd8e08fd/ScienceOpen/jdr20260955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407050672","display_name":"Journal of Disability Research","issn_l":"1658-9912","issn":["1658-9912","2676-2633"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Disability Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57197/jdr-2026-0955","pdf_url":"https://www.scienceopen.com/document_file/e8555d6f-b5c7-42c9-879e-54a3bd8e08fd/ScienceOpen/jdr20260955.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407050672","display_name":"Journal of Disability Research","issn_l":"1658-9912","issn":["1658-9912","2676-2633"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Disability Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8278999924659729,"display_name":"Quality education"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220437155.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220437155.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975568088","https://openalex.org/W2005766911","https://openalex.org/W2089494821","https://openalex.org/W2272623170","https://openalex.org/W2614198019","https://openalex.org/W2809118273","https://openalex.org/W2883761991","https://openalex.org/W2904949989","https://openalex.org/W2938682487","https://openalex.org/W2954525232","https://openalex.org/W2979499871","https://openalex.org/W3021976340","https://openalex.org/W3047169481","https://openalex.org/W3047296467","https://openalex.org/W3078175003","https://openalex.org/W3090194862","https://openalex.org/W3099515847","https://openalex.org/W3133180320","https://openalex.org/W3138299584","https://openalex.org/W3143478355","https://openalex.org/W4224307978","https://openalex.org/W4226366257","https://openalex.org/W4229443914","https://openalex.org/W4307465624","https://openalex.org/W4310073275","https://openalex.org/W4399288608","https://openalex.org/W4404503467","https://openalex.org/W4409427990","https://openalex.org/W4411844340","https://openalex.org/W4413480770","https://openalex.org/W7085498423","https://openalex.org/W7129024132","https://openalex.org/W7163040446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7163040446","https://openalex.org/W627564886","https://openalex.org/W4323358103","https://openalex.org/W1996818629","https://openalex.org/W834624642","https://openalex.org/W7028509437","https://openalex.org/W4413038931","https://openalex.org/W2731966999","https://openalex.org/W4380670599","https://openalex.org/W4388618698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Children":[0],"with":[1,43,49,63,196],"autism":[2],"spectrum":[3],"disorder":[4],"(ASD)":[5],"often":[6],"experience":[7],"difficulties":[8],"in":[9,41,65,194],"discrimination":[10,39,93,146,177,192],"learning,":[11],"particularly":[12],"when":[13],"multiple":[14],"stimuli":[15],"are":[16],"presented":[17],"during":[18,158,191],"early":[19],"learning":[20,40,178,193],"stages.":[21],"Therefore,":[22],"this":[23],"study":[24],"aimed":[25],"to":[26,37,59],"develop":[27],"Smart":[28,67,73,84,119,169],"Discrimination":[29],"Training":[30,87],"(Smart":[31,77,88,123],"DT)":[32],"using":[33,118],"cards":[34],"and":[35,52,97,110,113,121,136,154,175,188],"objects":[36],"support":[38],"children":[42,195],"ASD.":[44,197],"A":[45],"developmental":[46],"design,":[47],"combined":[48],"limited":[50],"implementation":[51,114],"preliminary":[53],"observations":[54],"of":[55,151],"feasibility,":[56],"was":[57,69],"used":[58],"analyze":[60],"three":[61],"boys":[62],"ASD":[64],"Indonesia.":[66],"DT":[68,170],"developed":[70],"within":[71,148],"the":[72,159],"Applied":[74],"Behavior":[75],"Analysis":[76],"ABA)":[78],"framework":[79],"through":[80,115],"systematic":[81],"stages":[82],"including":[83],"Discrete":[85],"Trial":[86],"DTT),":[89],"gradual":[90],"distractor":[91],"introduction,":[92],"stabilization,":[94],"maintenance":[95,161],"embedding,":[96],"block-based":[98],"escalation":[99],"procedures.":[100],"The":[101,139],"development":[102],"process":[103],"included":[104],"a":[105,172],"therapist":[106],"readability":[107],"assessment,":[108],"expert":[109],"practitioner":[111],"validation,":[112],"trial-by-trial":[116],"recording":[117],"Measurement":[120],"Evaluation":[122],"ME).":[124],"Aiken\u2019s":[125],"V":[126],"coefficient":[127],"for":[128],"procedural":[129],"validity":[130],"reached":[131],"0.94,":[132],"indicating":[133],"strong":[134],"conceptual":[135],"practical":[137],"acceptability.":[138],"participants":[140],"successfully":[141],"mastered":[142],"13":[143],"color":[144],"card":[145],"activities":[147],"an":[149],"average":[150],"26.25":[152],"days":[153],"maintained":[155],"stable":[156,185],"performance":[157],"6-week":[160],"phase.":[162],"In":[163],"conclusion,":[164],"these":[165],"findings":[166],"suggest":[167],"that":[168,180],"provides":[171],"gradual,":[173],"structured,":[174],"measurable":[176],"procedure":[179],"may":[181],"help":[182],"establish":[183],"more":[184],"stimulus":[186],"control":[187],"reduce":[189],"confusion":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}