{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220436639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","title":"The SPIRAL Framework as a Model of Reflective Human Development","display_name":"The SPIRAL Framework as a Model of Reflective Human Development","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220436639","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","pdf_url":"https://spiralacademicpress.org/manus-storage/jds-v1n1-corrected-28-pages_4545ecb8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089464","display_name":"Journal of Developmental Science","issn_l":"3144-0711","issn":["3144-0711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://spiralacademicpress.org/manus-storage/jds-v1n1-corrected-28-pages_4545ecb8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021312012","display_name":"Fredah Mainah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7949-523X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7949-523X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fredah Mainah","raw_affiliation_strings":["SPIRAL With Fredah LLC"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7949-523X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SPIRAL With Fredah LLC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021312012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12345","display_name":"Adult and Continuing Education Topics","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12345","display_name":"Adult and Continuing Education Topics","score":0.9375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12500","display_name":"Reflective Practices in Education","score":0.02979999966919422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13419","display_name":"Ego Development and Educational Practices","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-development","display_name":"self-directed development","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-development","display_name":"adult development","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metacognition","display_name":"metacognition","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformative-learning","display_name":"transformative learning","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-observation","display_name":"self-observation","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective-taking","display_name":"perspective taking","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"reflection","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-cycle","display_name":"learning cycle","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834111","display_name":"Transformative learning","level":2,"score":0.7402999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174128100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846907","display_name":"Spiral (railway)","level":2,"score":0.7161999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C482391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101244","display_name":"Acronym","level":2,"score":0.5756999850273132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42570000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5266672","display_name":"Development (topology)","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917873","display_name":"Human development (humanity)","level":2,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3424000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.2854999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems theory","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132413290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307322","display_name":"Reflective practice","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","pdf_url":"https://spiralacademicpress.org/manus-storage/jds-v1n1-corrected-28-pages_4545ecb8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089464","display_name":"Journal of Developmental Science","issn_l":"3144-0711","issn":["3144-0711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68203/n7kd3wqz5t","pdf_url":"https://spiralacademicpress.org/manus-storage/jds-v1n1-corrected-28-pages_4545ecb8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407089464","display_name":"Journal of Developmental Science","issn_l":"3144-0711","issn":["3144-0711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220436639.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220436639.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W607518649","https://openalex.org/W1511513056","https://openalex.org/W1838046222","https://openalex.org/W1897139626","https://openalex.org/W1966603703","https://openalex.org/W1976548852","https://openalex.org/W1980083892","https://openalex.org/W2002030061","https://openalex.org/W2002667679","https://openalex.org/W2004541670","https://openalex.org/W2017685754","https://openalex.org/W2018297215","https://openalex.org/W2019685630","https://openalex.org/W2026245670","https://openalex.org/W2027488617","https://openalex.org/W2052911329","https://openalex.org/W2064110571","https://openalex.org/W2069392649","https://openalex.org/W2077804044","https://openalex.org/W2079875205","https://openalex.org/W2080449081","https://openalex.org/W2093950336","https://openalex.org/W2109419702","https://openalex.org/W2113915320","https://openalex.org/W2117766479","https://openalex.org/W2122838852","https://openalex.org/W2125105114","https://openalex.org/W2128665387","https://openalex.org/W2133868162","https://openalex.org/W2137247190","https://openalex.org/W2138984333","https://openalex.org/W2155241100","https://openalex.org/W2162153512","https://openalex.org/W2167811530","https://openalex.org/W2337175133","https://openalex.org/W2337611797","https://openalex.org/W2346495687","https://openalex.org/W2468383091","https://openalex.org/W2469775770","https://openalex.org/W2751778071","https://openalex.org/W2779812635","https://openalex.org/W4231262102","https://openalex.org/W4234386100","https://openalex.org/W4236298867","https://openalex.org/W4242883546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409252096","https://openalex.org/W2227079521","https://openalex.org/W7169180542","https://openalex.org/W4416233655","https://openalex.org/W2249012651","https://openalex.org/W4387659817","https://openalex.org/W6967107304","https://openalex.org/W4416971720","https://openalex.org/W972403566","https://openalex.org/W24833079"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,47],"presents":[2],"the":[3,49,52],"SPIRAL":[4,14],"framework":[5,50],"as":[6,29],"a":[7,30],"theoretical":[8],"model":[9],"of":[10],"reflective":[11],"human":[12],"development.":[13,45],"\u2014":[15,26],"an":[16],"acronym":[17],"for":[18],"Self-observation,":[19],"Perspective-taking,":[20],"Integration,":[21],"Reflection,":[22],"Action,":[23],"and":[24,59],"Learning":[25],"is":[27],"proposed":[28],"recursive":[31],"developmental":[32],"cycle":[33],"through":[34],"which":[35],"individuals":[36],"move":[37],"from":[38],"unreflective":[39],"functioning":[40],"to":[41],"increasingly":[42],"sophisticated":[43],"self-directed":[44],"The":[46],"situates":[48],"within":[51],"existing":[53],"literature":[54],"on":[55],"adult":[56],"development,":[57],"metacognition,":[58],"transformative":[60],"learning.":[61]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}