{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220426424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","title":"Inversion of Custodianship: How Rights-Based Forest Governance Undermines Conservation under Weak Institutions in India","display_name":"Inversion of Custodianship: How Rights-Based Forest Governance Undermines Conservation under Weak Institutions in India","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220426424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.66005/bi.e202641002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","pdf_url":"https://biophilia.co.in/index.php/home/article/download/65/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058379","display_name":"Biophilia Insights","issn_l":"3108-2904","issn":["3108-2904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophilia Insights","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://biophilia.co.in/index.php/home/article/download/65/113","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157570932","display_name":"Hari Shanker Gupta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1286922834","display_name":"Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04r2bgz73","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286922834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136636","display_name":"Institute of Forest Productivity","ror":"https://ror.org/02wcjva51","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286922834","https://openalex.org/I4210136636"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hari Shanker Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ex-Chair of Excellence, Forest  Productivity and Livelihoods, IFP(ICFRE Dehradun)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ex-Chair of Excellence, Forest  Productivity and Livelihoods, IFP(ICFRE Dehradun)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286922834","https://openalex.org/I4210136636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5157570932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1286922834","https://openalex.org/I4210136636"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"10","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10319","display_name":"Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11789","display_name":"Land Rights and Reforms","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-rights-act-2006","display_name":"Forest Rights Act 2006","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-commons","display_name":"forest commons","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-peoples","display_name":"forest dwellers","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-fragmentation","display_name":"forest fragmentation","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy-loss","display_name":"canopy loss","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-conservation","display_name":"forest conservation","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-institutions","display_name":"institutional weakness","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jharkhand","display_name":"Jharkhand","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-tenure","display_name":"forest tenure","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777950569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021836","display_name":"Stewardship (theology)","level":3,"score":0.5151000022888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1893757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3653001","display_name":"Inversion (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4519999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28631016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372561","display_name":"Forest management","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.41280001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51575053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72468","display_name":"Bureaucracy","level":3,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86511162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799101","display_name":"Property rights","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47572","display_name":"Sustainable forest management","level":3,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137607661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66493932","display_name":"Land tenure","level":3,"score":0.3336000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33160001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158129432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7766927","display_name":"Statutory law","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780816530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372449","display_name":"Forest protection","level":3,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2619416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9444","display_name":"Rainforest","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.31790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777266375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480","display_name":"Injustice","level":2,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83729063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12055115","display_name":"Common-pool resource","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54625482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154959","display_name":"Community forestry","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59785166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1554076","display_name":"Political ecology","level":3,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.2605000138282776}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.66005/bi.e202641002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","pdf_url":"https://biophilia.co.in/index.php/home/article/download/65/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058379","display_name":"Biophilia Insights","issn_l":"3108-2904","issn":["3108-2904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophilia Insights","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.biophilia.co.in:article/65","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://biophilia.co.in/index.php/index/article/view/65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058379","display_name":"Biophilia Insights","issn_l":"3108-2904","issn":["3108-2904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.66005/","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.66005/bi.e202641002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.66005/bi.e202641002","pdf_url":"https://biophilia.co.in/index.php/home/article/download/65/113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058379","display_name":"Biophilia Insights","issn_l":"3108-2904","issn":["3108-2904"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biophilia Insights","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220426424.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220426424.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970639832","https://openalex.org/W3143466377","https://openalex.org/W7162627868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7162627868","https://openalex.org/W2897237503","https://openalex.org/W7202255818","https://openalex.org/W7027705597","https://openalex.org/W7168127326","https://openalex.org/W2758627779","https://openalex.org/W2611594856","https://openalex.org/W4380904252","https://openalex.org/W7212273031","https://openalex.org/W4407841744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123],"Forest":[1,113],"Rights":[2,114],"Act":[3,46],"(FRA)":[4],"of":[5,20,29,73,111,128,133,139,157],"2006":[6],"was":[7],"conceived":[8],"as":[9,99,225],"a":[10,59,100,226,231],"dual-mandate":[11],"statute:":[12],"to":[13,24,48,76,187],"remedy":[14],"historical":[15],"injustice":[16],"through":[17],"the":[18,45,71,103,213],"recognition":[19],"forest":[21,31,50,80,151,197,218],"rights,":[22],"and":[23,43,65,92,108,136,153],"secure":[25],"long-term":[26],"ecological":[27,66,235],"stewardship":[28,236],"India\u2019s":[30],"commons.":[32],"By":[33],"linking":[34],"tenure":[35],"security":[36],"with":[37,116,149,172,203],"custodial":[38,140],"obligations":[39],"under":[40,142],"Sections":[41],"3":[42],"5,":[44],"sought":[47],"transform":[49],"dwellers":[51],"into":[52],"collective":[53],"custodians.":[54],"Yet":[55],"growing":[56],"evidence":[57,175],"indicates":[58],"widening":[60],"gap":[61],"between":[62],"statutory":[63],"intent":[64],"outcomes.":[67],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"develops":[70],"concept":[72],"custodianship":[74],"inversion":[75],"explain":[77],"how":[78],"rights-based":[79,217],"governance,":[81,219],"when":[82,220],"implemented":[83],"without":[84],"procedural":[85,109],"integrity,":[86],"can":[87],"systematically":[88],"undermine":[89],"both":[90],"conservation":[91,232],"justice.":[93],"Using":[94],"Giridih":[95],"district":[96],"in":[97],"Jharkhand":[98],"critical":[101],"case,":[102],"study":[104],"combines":[105],"field-based":[106],"legal":[107],"audits":[110],"Individual":[112],"(IFRs)":[115],"satellitebased":[117],"canopy":[118,155,210],"analysis":[119,124],"(MODIS":[120],"VCF,":[121],"2005\u20132021).":[122],"reveals":[125],"pervasive":[126],"bypassing":[127],"Gram":[129],"Sabha":[130],"verification,":[131],"absence":[132],"GPS-based":[134],"demarcation,":[135],"complete":[137],"non-enforcement":[138],"duties":[141],"Section":[143],"5.":[144],"These":[145,168],"failures":[146],"are":[147],"associated":[148,202],"systematic":[150],"fragmentation":[152],"localized":[154],"loss":[156],"8.7\u201313.6":[158],"per":[159],"cent":[160],"within":[161],"50\u2013150":[162],"m":[163],"buffers":[164],"around":[165],"IFR":[166],"clusters.":[167],"micro-level":[169],"findings":[170],"align":[171],"recent":[173],"national-scale":[174],"from":[176],"Chhattisgarh":[177],"(Agarwal":[178],"et":[179],"al.,":[180],"2026),":[181],"which":[182],"shows":[183],"that":[184,216],"Panchayat":[185],"Extension":[186],"Scheduled":[188],"Areas":[189],"(PESA)\u2014India\u2019s":[190],"strongest":[191],"village-level":[192],"rights":[193],"regime\u2014does":[194],"not":[195],"improve":[196],"outcomes,":[198],"while":[199],"political":[200],"regimes":[201],"greater":[204],"bureaucratic":[205],"capacity":[206],"exhibit":[207],"significantly":[208],"higher":[209],"gains.":[211],"Together,":[212],"results":[214],"demonstrate":[215],"operationally":[221],"weak,":[222],"functions":[223],"primarily":[224],"justice":[227],"institution":[228],"rather":[229],"than":[230],"institution,":[233],"rendering":[234],"institutionally":[237],"untenable.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}