{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220423920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","title":"Flexible 3D multimodal organoid interface reveals functional subnetworks and coordinated circuit activity in cortical organoids","display_name":"Flexible 3D multimodal organoid interface reveals functional subnetworks and coordinated circuit activity in cortical organoids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220423920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.10.02.756317.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.10.02.756317.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048310102","display_name":"Madison N. Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-0798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9838-0798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madison N. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106432786","display_name":"Elizabeth K. Kharitonova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3603-4241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3603-4241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth K. Kharitonova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157479369","display_name":"Joseph Yeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157557336","display_name":"Joann Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joann Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151980050","display_name":"Shadee Hemaidan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shadee Hemaidan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157387177","display_name":"Samuel Essig","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Essig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomedical Research Technologies Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomedical Research Technologies Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114176304","display_name":"Marie Shi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program for Neuroscience, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157417940","display_name":"Colt W Crain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colt W. Crain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079436752","display_name":"Mehrdad Ramezani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-3192","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3144-3192"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Ramezani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016811683","display_name":"Fengyi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-9790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-9790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengyi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140335308","display_name":"Teng Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157451350","display_name":"Ikbal Surucu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikbal Surucu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041312741","display_name":"Farzad Mortazavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-5428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-5428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farzad Mortazavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040494529","display_name":"Ertugrul Cubukcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-0156","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-0156"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ertugrul Cubukcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064901405","display_name":"Martin Thunemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-079X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4139-079X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Thunemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062185738","display_name":"Ella Zeldich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-4512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-4512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ella Zeldich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001245730","display_name":"Duygu Kuzum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-1285","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2125-1285"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Duygu Kuzum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001245730","https://openalex.org/A5062185738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046","https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-organoids","display_name":"cortical organoids","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-neural-interfaces","display_name":"flexible neural interfaces","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitation-inhibition-balance","display_name":"excitation-inhibition balance","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabaergic-inhibition","display_name":"GABAergic inhibition","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrophysiology","display_name":"electrophysiology","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-photon-calcium-imaging","display_name":"two-photon calcium imaging","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-microstimulation","display_name":"electrical microstimulation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-neural-recording","display_name":"long-term neural recording","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assembloids","display_name":"assembloids","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-connectivity","display_name":"functional connectivity","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortical-development","display_name":"cortical development","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7886000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31695470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11293125","display_name":"Organoid","level":2,"score":0.7239000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5834000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5637000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17077164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185869","display_name":"Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","level":2,"score":0.5622000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.519599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776032975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5018833","display_name":"Calcium imaging","level":3,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207387","display_name":"Excitatory postsynaptic potential","level":3,"score":0.48190000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118403218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43283","display_name":"Biological neural network","level":2,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780196419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762173","display_name":"Nerve net","level":2,"score":0.44679999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74254510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7240508","display_name":"Premovement neuronal activity","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.3781000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779177108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18356742","display_name":"GABAergic","level":3,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141516989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1182555","display_name":"Default mode network","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777670902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q492038","display_name":"Human brain","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50738837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781492","display_name":"Optogenetics","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185263204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154774","display_name":"Electrophysiology","level":2,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103072069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058372","display_name":"Cellular neuroscience","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200170125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neurotransmission","level":3,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39743133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262595","display_name":"Signalling","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018011982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316120","display_name":"Functional connectivity","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983650178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75839","display_name":"Cortical neurons","level":2,"score":0.2921000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778794669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054","display_name":"Neuron","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45715564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1292103","display_name":"Connectome","level":3,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984127161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q969316","display_name":"Neural activity","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.10.02.756317.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756317","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/04/2026.10.02.756317.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1589343018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1542148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3053085007","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS-1542148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","funder_display_name":"University of California, San Diego"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5024937451","display_name":"The contribution of X-chromosome-linked genes to cellular phenotypes and AD-related pathology in Down Syndrome","funder_award_id":"R21AG080269","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5137902689","display_name":"NNCI: San Diego Nanotechnology Infrastructure (SDNI)","funder_award_id":"1542148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5285237269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1542148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5523730667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECCS\u20101542148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","funder_display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337392","display_name":"Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01krpsy48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220423920.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220423920.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482053593","https://openalex.org/W1553983967","https://openalex.org/W1686333409","https://openalex.org/W1877104861","https://openalex.org/W1969289230","https://openalex.org/W1970584143","https://openalex.org/W1973238622","https://openalex.org/W1986408320","https://openalex.org/W1990627393","https://openalex.org/W2004092055","https://openalex.org/W2008398629","https://openalex.org/W2009633584","https://openalex.org/W2014887799","https://openalex.org/W2039408689","https://openalex.org/W2047041238","https://openalex.org/W2061960110","https://openalex.org/W2080743433","https://openalex.org/W2088595917","https://openalex.org/W2101656718","https://openalex.org/W2102297429","https://openalex.org/W2119506841","https://openalex.org/W2124793944","https://openalex.org/W2139595330","https://openalex.org/W2153787766","https://openalex.org/W2158299803","https://openalex.org/W2170293333","https://openalex.org/W2193898966","https://openalex.org/W2224178519","https://openalex.org/W2267074202","https://openalex.org/W2469581795","https://openalex.org/W2531012506","https://openalex.org/W2609473806","https://openalex.org/W2619442005","https://openalex.org/W2811445508","https://openalex.org/W2908573463","https://openalex.org/W2908932271","https://openalex.org/W2940953475","https://openalex.org/W2970454553","https://openalex.org/W2980804007","https://openalex.org/W2984472267","https://openalex.org/W3037182062","https://openalex.org/W3040646360","https://openalex.org/W3093212127","https://openalex.org/W3093322814","https://openalex.org/W3097707819","https://openalex.org/W3120586079","https://openalex.org/W3136132782","https://openalex.org/W3156828529","https://openalex.org/W3166524499","https://openalex.org/W3171218066","https://openalex.org/W3193479663","https://openalex.org/W3196215773","https://openalex.org/W3206294302","https://openalex.org/W3212037350","https://openalex.org/W3213326888","https://openalex.org/W4200114667","https://openalex.org/W4205875016","https://openalex.org/W4288535621","https://openalex.org/W4288708038","https://openalex.org/W4292116816","https://openalex.org/W4294935527","https://openalex.org/W4297981002","https://openalex.org/W4297989199","https://openalex.org/W4303613751","https://openalex.org/W4310460854","https://openalex.org/W4311103712","https://openalex.org/W4376642130","https://openalex.org/W4380086665","https://openalex.org/W4384161753","https://openalex.org/W4390064020","https://openalex.org/W4390474457","https://openalex.org/W4391110835","https://openalex.org/W4394716777","https://openalex.org/W4396903442","https://openalex.org/W4398251712","https://openalex.org/W4405317208","https://openalex.org/W4405416892","https://openalex.org/W4406538533","https://openalex.org/W4410530024","https://openalex.org/W4414033397","https://openalex.org/W4414579109","https://openalex.org/W4415929044","https://openalex.org/W7118566044","https://openalex.org/W7130309155","https://openalex.org/W7130612969","https://openalex.org/W7154680965","https://openalex.org/W7166863752","https://openalex.org/W7171523429","https://openalex.org/W7221679022","https://openalex.org/W7223212150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390823140","https://openalex.org/W4312220079","https://openalex.org/W4399221892","https://openalex.org/W2909924499","https://openalex.org/W4413908378","https://openalex.org/W3122371644","https://openalex.org/W4377089445","https://openalex.org/W2970454553","https://openalex.org/W2329292703","https://openalex.org/W3197781958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"balance":[2],"between":[3],"excitatory":[4],"and":[5,14,28,67,100,128,133,140,169,180,227,233],"inhibitory":[6,206],"(E/I)":[7],"neurons":[8,149],"is":[9,193],"fundamental":[10],"to":[11,38,131,150],"cortical":[12,229],"function,":[13],"its":[15],"disruption":[16],"underlies":[17],"a":[18,35,222],"wide":[19],"range":[20],"of":[21,47,53,77,97,111,161,163,190,202,205,215],"neurological":[22,231],"disorders,":[23],"including":[24,50],"epilepsy,":[25],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[26],"disease":[27],"autism":[29],"spectrum":[30],"disorder.":[31],"Cortical":[32],"organoids":[33,96],"offer":[34],"promising":[36],"model":[37],"study":[39],"this":[40],"balance,":[41],"as":[42],"they":[43],"recapitulate":[44],"key":[45],"features":[46],"brain":[48,219],"development,":[49,230],"the":[51,203,234],"emergence":[52,162],"E/I":[54,78,235],"circuitry.":[55],"However,":[56],"no":[57],"existing":[58],"technology":[59],"can":[60,176],"simultaneously":[61],"resolve":[62],"neuronal":[63,191],"identity,":[64],"spatial":[65,139],"organization,":[66],"dynamic":[68],"network":[69],"activity":[70,136],"within":[71],"intact":[72],"organoids,":[73,220],"limiting":[74],"precise":[75],"interrogation":[76,158],"circuit":[79,238],"function.":[80],"Here,":[81],"we":[82],"report":[83],"INFORM,":[84],"an":[85],"INtegrated":[86],"Flexible":[87],"Organoid":[88],"Recording":[89],"Multimodal":[90],"neural":[91,135],"interface":[92,116],"that":[93,175,187],"conformally":[94],"wraps":[95],"any":[98],"size":[99],"shape,":[101],"enabling":[102],"long-term":[103],"recordings":[104],"over":[105],"371":[106],"days":[107],"with":[108],"above":[109],"90%":[110],"channels":[112],"detecting":[113],"spikes.":[114],"INFORM":[115],"combines":[117],"four":[118],"distinct":[119],"modalities;":[120],"electrophysiology,":[121],"two-photon":[122],"calcium":[123],"imaging,":[124],"targeted":[125],"electrical":[126],"microstimulation,":[127],"chemical":[129],"intervention":[130],"monitor":[132],"modulate":[134],"across":[137],"multiple":[138],"temporal":[141],"scales":[142],"spanning":[143],"from":[144,147,153],"action":[145],"potentials":[146],"single":[148],"synchronized":[151],"bursts":[152],"large-scale":[154],"populations.":[155],"Such":[156],"high-resolution":[157],"enables":[159],"probing":[160],"functional":[164,173,200,216],"connectivity":[165],"in":[166,208,218],"fusing":[167],"assembloids":[168],"resolves":[170],"spatially":[171],"discrete":[172],"subnetworks":[174],"be":[177],"selectively":[178],"recruited":[179],"modulated":[181],"by":[182,195],"INFORM.":[183],"Neurotransmission":[184],"blockade":[185],"confirms":[186],"stimulus-evoked":[188],"suppression":[189],"spiking":[192],"mediated":[194],"GABAergic":[196],"inputs":[197],"providing":[198,221],"direct":[199],"evidence":[201],"presence":[204],"signaling":[207],"organoids.":[209],"This":[210],"work":[211],"allows":[212],"single-cell":[213],"dissection":[214],"networks":[217],"powerful":[223],"platform":[224],"for":[225],"modelling":[226],"studying":[228],"diseases,":[232],"imbalances":[236],"underlying":[237],"dysfunction.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}
