{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220423800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","title":"Electrochemically Controlled Crystallization Using Selective Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis","display_name":"Electrochemically Controlled Crystallization Using Selective Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220423800","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113294764","display_name":"Hyuck Joo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-8430","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0941-8430"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyuck Joo Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5157612780","display_name":"Spandan Mondal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spandan Mondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061090183","display_name":"Mohammed Tahmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-4398","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-4398"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Tahmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014967427","display_name":"Marta C. Hatzell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-4969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-4969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta C. Hatzell","raw_affiliation_strings":["George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332","School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5144-4969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12186","display_name":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12186","display_name":"Phosphorus and nutrient management","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12074","display_name":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","score":0.2996000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/struvite-precipitation","display_name":"struvite precipitation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-recovery","display_name":"nutrient recovery","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-and-phosphorus-recovery","display_name":"nitrogen and phosphorus recovery","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystal-morphology-control","display_name":"crystal morphology control","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boundary-layer-convection","display_name":"boundary layer convection","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/newberyite","display_name":"newberyite","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.6800000071525574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203036418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284256","display_name":"Crystallization","level":2,"score":0.7544000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3128022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290646","display_name":"Electrodialysis","level":3,"score":0.6287999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419364","display_name":"Struvite","level":3,"score":0.6270999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4578999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.36149999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84250820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Hydraulic retention time","level":3,"score":0.3573000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130349721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5434705","display_name":"Faraday efficiency","level":4,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3264000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185004128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3011536","display_name":"Separator (oil production)","level":2,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26456737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185154","display_name":"Crystal growth","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94005225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751537","display_name":"Membrane technology","level":3,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22547674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582668","display_name":"Chemical energy","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141675481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3588981","display_name":"Energy recovery","level":3,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172120300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134348","display_name":"Volumetric flow rate","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62609721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3023293","display_name":"Specific energy","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19473024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2548287","display_name":"Reversed electrodialysis","level":4,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","pdf_url":"https://chemrxiv.org/doi/pdf/10.26434/chemrxiv.15009873/v1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393918830","display_name":"ChemRxiv","issn_l":"2573-2293","issn":["2573-2293"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5701000094413757}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220423800.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220423800.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044023561","https://openalex.org/W2169516520"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168284269","https://openalex.org/W7204879622","https://openalex.org/W4322582093","https://openalex.org/W4391599357","https://openalex.org/W4391957813","https://openalex.org/W2895363347","https://openalex.org/W7212064918","https://openalex.org/W3189827574","https://openalex.org/W4320084138","https://openalex.org/W4289450838"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nitrogen":[0],"and":[1,15,73,86,101,122,143,228,237],"phosphorus":[2,218],"nutrient":[3],"recovery":[4,219],"from":[5],"wastewater":[6],"represents":[7],"a":[8,147,154,205,211,234],"critical":[9],"frontier":[10],"for":[11,27,124],"circular":[12],"fertilizer":[13],"manufacturing":[14],"effective":[16],"water":[17],"treatment.":[18],"Conventional":[19],"chemical":[20,226],"precipitation":[21],"remains":[22],"hindered":[23],"by":[24,99,106,210],"the":[25,139,159,194,222],"need":[26],"expensive":[28],"reagent":[29],"consumables.":[30],"Here,":[31],"we":[32],"examine":[33],"an":[34,110],"integrated,":[35],"chemical-free":[36],"electrochemical":[37],"mixer":[38],"(ECM)":[39],"system":[40,185],"that":[41],"leverages":[42],"selective":[43],"bipolar":[44],"membrane":[45,230],"electrodialysis":[46],"(SBED)":[47],"to":[48,157,216],"achieve":[49],"precise":[50,242],"struvite":[51,130,178,198],"(MgNH4PO4":[52],"\u00b7":[53],"6H2O)":[54],"crystallization.":[55,136],"We":[56,137],"furthermore":[57],"demonstrate":[58],"how":[59],"control":[60,243],"over":[61],"current":[62],"density":[63],"(1\u20135":[64],"mA":[65],"cm\u22122),":[66],"specific":[67,168],"charge":[68],"loading":[69],"(20\u201340":[70],"C":[71],"m\u22123),":[72],"hydraulic":[74],"retention":[75,89],"time":[76],"(\u03c4":[77],"=":[78],"2.3\u20136.9":[79],"s)":[80],"enhances":[81],"downstream":[82],"crystallization":[83,144,151,225],"yield,":[84],"purity,":[85],"morphology.":[87],"Shortening":[88],"promotes":[90],"boundary-layer":[91],"convection,":[92],"reducing":[93],"in-cell":[94],"scaling":[95,231],"energy":[96,104,169],"penalty":[97],"(\u2206E)":[98],"86%":[100],"total":[102],"stack":[103],"consumption":[105,170],"22%.":[107],"Operating":[108],"within":[109],"optimized":[111],"pH":[112,116],"window":[113],"(7.7":[114],"<":[115,117],"9.0)":[118],"governs":[119],"crystal":[120,245],"morphology":[121],"allows":[123],"91%":[125],"yield":[126,161],"of":[127,171,197,213,244],"highly":[128,235],"pure":[129],"(>":[131],"97%),":[132],"bypassing":[133],"competitive":[134],"newberyite":[135],"unify":[138],"ECM":[140,223],"transport":[141,165],"kinetics":[142],"thermodynamics":[145],"into":[146],"single":[148],"dimensionless":[149],"descriptor\u2014the":[150],"index\u2014which":[152],"establishes":[153],"linear":[155],"correlation":[156],"predict":[158],"product":[160],"based":[162],"on":[163],"upstream":[164],"dynamics.":[166],"Steady":[167],"9.38":[172],"\u00b1":[173],"0.9":[174],"kWh":[175],"kg\u22121":[176],"\u2212":[177],"through":[179],"autonomous":[180],"in-situ":[181],"acid":[182],"flushing":[183],"confirms":[184],"stability":[186],"with":[187,241],"minimal":[188],"scaling.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"techno-economic":[191],"analysis":[192],"evaluates":[193],"levelized":[195],"cost":[196],"produced":[199],"as":[200],"$996":[201],"t\u22121,":[202],"which":[203],"is":[204],"reduction":[206],"in":[207],"operating":[208],"expenditures":[209],"maximum":[212],"89%":[214],"compared":[215],"commercial":[217],"installations.":[220],"Ultimately,":[221],"eliminates":[224],"dependencies":[227],"reduces":[229],"bottlenecks,":[232],"establishing":[233],"tunable":[236],"efficient":[238],"separations":[239],"reactor":[240],"products.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}