{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220417828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","title":"Heterotypic Condensate Formation by Prion Proteins and Pro-Inflammatory S100A9","display_name":"Heterotypic Condensate Formation by Prion Proteins and Pro-Inflammatory S100A9","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220417828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.756240.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.756240.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065639069","display_name":"Dominykas Veiveris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-4790","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-4790"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominykas Veiveris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3355-4790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114847362","display_name":"Viktorija Karalkevi\u010diu\u0305t\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7915-1385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7915-1385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktorija Karalkevi\u010di\u016bt\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7915-1385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036650809","display_name":"Kamil\u0117 Mikalauskait\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-9856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-9856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamil\u0117 Mikalauskait\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-9856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017281155","display_name":"Darius \u0160ulskis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darius \u0160ulskis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6925-4469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065290698","display_name":"Mantas \u017diaunys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-6188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-6188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mantas \u017diaunys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-6188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065290698"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11335","display_name":"Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11335","display_name":"Prion Diseases and Protein Misfolding","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10044","display_name":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-liquid-phase-separation","display_name":"liquid-liquid phase separation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prion-protein","display_name":"prion protein","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s100a9","display_name":"S100A9","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloid-fibril-formation","display_name":"amyloid fibril formation","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomolecular-condensates","display_name":"biomolecular condensates","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macromolecular-crowding","display_name":"macromolecular crowding","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-protein-interaction","display_name":"protein-protein interaction","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amyloidosis","display_name":"amyloidosis","score":0.5440000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019804061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14881255","display_name":"Prion protein","level":3,"score":0.7095000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.704200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136238340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251455","display_name":"Protein aggregation","level":2,"score":0.6406999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777633098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736051","display_name":"Amyloid (mycology)","level":2,"score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.5547999739646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6740853","display_name":"Amyloid fibril","level":4,"score":0.49889999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27523624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14860849","display_name":"Fibril","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51639874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167149","display_name":"Plasma protein binding","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909607560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6740853","display_name":"Amyloid disease","level":5,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204328495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847556","display_name":"Protein folding","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909371084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14881255","display_name":"Prion Proteins","level":4,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778815515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3408242","display_name":"Intrinsically disordered proteins","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776307749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031354","display_name":"S100A9","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47701112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735188","display_name":"Protein structure","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11804247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896177","display_name":"Protein\u2013protein interaction","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161624437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988322","display_name":"Small molecule","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33123","display_name":"Proteolysis","level":3,"score":0.2628999948501587}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.756240.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.10.02.756240","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/10/05/2026.10.02.756240.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7566191348","display_name":"S\u0105veika tarp prou\u017edegiminio S100A9 ir su neurodegeneracin\u0117mis ligomis siejam\u0173 baltym\u0173 skys\u010dio-skys\u010dio fazi\u0173 atsiskyrimo metu","funder_award_id":"S-MIP-24-52","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","funder_display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322689","display_name":"Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gs16m83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220417828.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220417828.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531667149","https://openalex.org/W1892720553","https://openalex.org/W1970577444","https://openalex.org/W2007787335","https://openalex.org/W2013157094","https://openalex.org/W2049421402","https://openalex.org/W2165186407","https://openalex.org/W2225657959","https://openalex.org/W2473174372","https://openalex.org/W2734337563","https://openalex.org/W2890980244","https://openalex.org/W2989610354","https://openalex.org/W3001236764","https://openalex.org/W3033847448","https://openalex.org/W3167865419","https://openalex.org/W3191096373","https://openalex.org/W4200518337","https://openalex.org/W4280553266","https://openalex.org/W4313399082","https://openalex.org/W4317627147","https://openalex.org/W4377822498","https://openalex.org/W4401419752","https://openalex.org/W7162414447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410413753","https://openalex.org/W4404772367","https://openalex.org/W4400379505","https://openalex.org/W7123346899","https://openalex.org/W3167865419","https://openalex.org/W4220866705","https://openalex.org/W4385797888","https://openalex.org/W4388792857","https://openalex.org/W7167334766","https://openalex.org/W4407418149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Liquid-liquid":[1],"phase":[2],"separation":[3],"(LLPS)":[4],"of":[5,15,21,33,102,112,146,150,173],"biomacromolecules":[6],"has":[7,27],"been":[8,28,50,83],"shown":[9,51,96],"to":[10,40,52,62,143],"influence":[11],"a":[12,31,98,127,147,162],"large":[13],"variety":[14],"biological":[16],"processes":[17],"via":[18,170],"the":[19,71,90,116,144,157,171],"formation":[20,145],"membraneless":[22],"organelles.":[23],"Aberrant":[24],"LLPS,":[25],"however,":[26],"implicated":[29],"in":[30,126,165],"number":[32,101],"oncological":[34],"and":[35,44,74,115],"neurodegenerative":[36],"disorders.":[37],"Proteins":[38],"related":[39],"Alzheimer\u2019s,":[41],"Parkinson\u2019s":[42],"diseases":[43],"other":[45],"major":[46],"amyloidoses":[47],"have":[48,82,161],"all":[49],"form":[53,63],"these":[54],"condensates.":[55],"Interestingly,":[56],"some":[57],"amyloidogenic":[58,103],"proteins":[59,114],"were":[60,94],"demonstrated":[61],"heterotypic":[64,91,110,174],"droplets,":[65],"where":[66],"both":[67],"molecules":[68],"coexisted":[69],"within":[70],"same":[72],"condensate":[73],"affected":[75],"each":[76],"other\u2019s":[77],"aggregation.":[78],"While":[79],"such":[80],"cross-interactions":[81],"reported":[84],"numerous":[85],"times":[86],"under":[87,121,136,176],"non-LLPS":[88,122],"conditions,":[89],"droplet":[92],"assemblies":[93],"only":[95],"for":[97],"very":[99],"limited":[100],"proteins.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106,134],"work,":[107],"we":[108,124],"examine":[109],"LLPS":[111],"prion":[113,167],"pro-inflammatory":[117,158],"S100A9,":[118],"whose":[119],"cross-interaction":[120],"conditions":[123,138],"confirmed":[125],"previous":[128],"work.":[129],"The":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133,156],"interaction":[135],"condensation-promoting":[137],"enhances":[139],"their":[140],"aggregation,":[141],"leading":[142],"higher":[148],"concentration":[149],"amyloid":[151],"structures.":[152],"These":[153],"findings":[154],"suggest":[155],"S100A9":[159],"may":[160],"critical":[163],"role":[164],"promoting":[166],"protein":[168],"aggregation":[169],"assembly":[172],"condensates":[175],"high":[177],"molecular":[178],"crowding":[179],"conditions.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}