{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7220408680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","title":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Estimating Trabecular\u2013Iris Angle from Slit-Lamp Images Developed Using Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography","display_name":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Estimating Trabecular\u2013Iris Angle from Slit-Lamp Images Developed Using Anterior-Segment Optical Coherence Tomography","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7220408680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42939011","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13701178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13101156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061568561","display_name":"Takahiro Mizukami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-5176","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-5176"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takahiro Mizukami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-5176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083943957","display_name":"Jun Ohashi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-1487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9958-1487"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Ohashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103225837","display_name":"Hiroki Nishimura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2832-4934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2832-4934","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7554-7971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroki Nishimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan","OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2832-4934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033372093","display_name":"Ryota Yokoiwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryota Yokoiwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040049965","display_name":"Yuji Takayanagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-7201","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-7201"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Takayanagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030605709","display_name":"Hirotsugu Soga","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirotsugu Soga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081038226","display_name":"Shintato Nakayama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shintato Nakayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan","OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044598678","display_name":"Eisuke Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-8578","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-8578"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203951103","display_name":"Keio University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kn6nx58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eisuke Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan","OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3422-8578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203951103"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"OUI Inc., Tokyo 1070062, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yokohama Keiai Eye Clinic, Yokohama 2400065, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061568561"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"10","first_page":"1156","last_page":"1156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.6528000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.260699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14384","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Health Research","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trabecular-iris-angle","display_name":"trabecular-iris angle","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-closure-glaucoma","display_name":"angle-closure glaucoma","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-angle-closure-disease","display_name":"primary angle closure disease","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slit-lamp-images","display_name":"slit-lamp images","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-based-imaging","display_name":"smartphone-based imaging","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-segment-optical-coherence-tomography","display_name":"anterior segment optical coherence tomography","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"artificial intelligence","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"deep learning","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resnet-50","display_name":"ResNet50","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-measurement","display_name":"angle measurement","score":0.4189999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-humor-outflow","display_name":"aqueous humor outflow","score":0.8820000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899552","display_name":"Optical coherence tomography","level":2,"score":0.7084000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104709138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671540","display_name":"Intraclass correlation","level":3,"score":0.7044000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5552999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5527999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.4462999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55078378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136628","display_name":"Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.41690000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4059000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101601086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753228","display_name":"Rank correlation","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35760000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34630000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.31380000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194147245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076368","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","level":2,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159744936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126730","display_name":"Spearman's rank correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13101156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13701178","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13701178/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13701178/pdf/bioengineering-13-01156.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42939011","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42939011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c00f535d21364c15acec30e585618dad","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c00f535d21364c15acec30e585618dad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering, Vol 13, Iss 10, p 1156 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13101156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13101156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.979200005531311,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220408680.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7220408680.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984670774","https://openalex.org/W2044941397","https://openalex.org/W2048123278","https://openalex.org/W2085932013","https://openalex.org/W2169113983","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2317008854","https://openalex.org/W2331515946","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2788939200","https://openalex.org/W2994998133","https://openalex.org/W3011348886","https://openalex.org/W3026040491","https://openalex.org/W3027979861","https://openalex.org/W3101009297","https://openalex.org/W3108784927","https://openalex.org/W3114688163","https://openalex.org/W3123540930","https://openalex.org/W3131454798","https://openalex.org/W3181368822","https://openalex.org/W3182349774","https://openalex.org/W4220763643","https://openalex.org/W4321486707","https://openalex.org/W4323533944","https://openalex.org/W4323794409","https://openalex.org/W4363678559","https://openalex.org/W4382393818","https://openalex.org/W4401933482","https://openalex.org/W4402526735","https://openalex.org/W4402722225","https://openalex.org/W4403248922","https://openalex.org/W4404358087","https://openalex.org/W4412980720","https://openalex.org/W4416443644"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4412980720","https://openalex.org/W4403248922","https://openalex.org/W4416443644","https://openalex.org/W2989607730","https://openalex.org/W4405419915","https://openalex.org/W2954112959","https://openalex.org/W4321486707","https://openalex.org/W7116871457","https://openalex.org/W4406684483","https://openalex.org/W2327660522"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Narrowing":[1],"of":[2,12,206],"the":[3,88,111,122,131,135,153,204,214,222],"trabecular\u2013iris":[4],"angle":[5,25],"(TIA)":[6],"is":[7,225],"a":[8,52],"key":[9],"anatomical":[10],"feature":[11],"primary":[13],"angle-closure":[14],"disease":[15],"and":[16,85,91,106,152,168,175,187,194,236,240],"contributes":[17],"to":[18,37,87,102],"impaired":[19],"aqueous":[20],"humor":[21],"outflow;":[22],"however,":[23],"conventional":[24],"assessment":[26],"requires":[27],"specialized":[28],"expertise":[29],"or":[30,234],"costly":[31],"imaging":[32],"equipment.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"aimed":[36],"develop":[38],"an":[39],"artificial":[40],"intelligence":[41],"model":[42,99,224,238],"for":[43,80,172,230],"quantitative":[44],"TIA":[45],"estimation":[46,82],"from":[47,66,70,209],"anterior-segment":[48,67,116],"images":[49],"acquired":[50],"with":[51,134,181,217],"smartphone-attached":[53],"slit-lamp":[54,211],"microscope.":[55],"Methods:":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"retrospective":[59],"study,":[60],"127,512":[61],"candidate":[62],"frames":[63,78],"were":[64,83,161,184,191],"extracted":[65],"videos":[68],"obtained":[69,114],"2654":[71],"eyes.":[72],"After":[73],"automated":[74],"diagnosability":[75],"filtering,":[76],"59,412":[77],"suitable":[79],"TIA500":[81,108,208],"retained":[84],"assigned":[86],"training,":[89],"validation,":[90],"test":[92],"datasets":[93],"using":[94,110,138],"patient-level":[95],"grouping.":[96],"A":[97],"ResNet50-based":[98],"was":[100,127],"trained":[101],"estimate":[103],"inferior,":[104,173],"nasal,":[105,174],"temporal":[107,176],"values":[109,133],"corresponding":[112],"measurements":[113,137,183,219],"by":[115,129],"optical":[117],"coherence":[118],"tomography":[119],"(AS-OCT)":[120],"as":[121],"ground-truth":[123],"reference.":[124],"Model":[125],"performance":[126],"evaluated":[128],"comparing":[130],"AI-predicted":[132],"AS-OCT":[136,218],"mean":[139,144],"absolute":[140],"error":[141,146],"(MAE),":[142],"root":[143],"squared":[145],"(RMSE),":[147],"Spearman\u2019s":[148],"rank":[149],"correlation":[150,155],"coefficient,":[151],"intraclass":[154],"coefficient":[156],"(ICC).":[157],"Results:":[158],"Per-eye":[159],"MAEs":[160],"7.01\u00b0":[162],"\u00b1":[163,166,170],"5.69\u00b0,":[164],"7.28\u00b0":[165],"5.80\u00b0,":[167],"7.90\u00b0":[169],"6.37\u00b0":[171],"TIA,":[177],"respectively.":[178],"Corresponding":[179],"correlations":[180,216],"reference":[182],"0.683,":[185],"0.696,":[186],"0.646,":[188],"while":[189],"ICCs":[190],"0.769,":[192],"0.764,":[193],"0.743":[195],"(all":[196],"p":[197],"<":[198],"0.001).":[199],"Conclusions:":[200],"These":[201],"findings":[202],"demonstrate":[203],"feasibility":[205],"estimating":[207],"smartphone-based":[210],"images.":[212],"However,":[213],"moderate":[215],"indicate":[220],"that":[221],"present":[223],"not":[226],"yet":[227],"sufficiently":[228],"accurate":[229],"independent":[231],"clinical":[232],"diagnosis":[233],"screening,":[235],"further":[237],"improvement":[239],"external":[241],"validation":[242],"are":[243],"required.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-10-06T00:00:00"}